diff --git a/backend/internal/database/models/listener_test.go b/backend/internal/database/models/listener_test.go
index 6940584..ff09309 100644
--- a/backend/internal/database/models/listener_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/database/models/listener_test.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestListenerJSONUsesLowercaseID(t *testing.T) {
-	listener := Listener{ID: 42, Name: "test-listener"}
+	listener := Listener{BaseModel: BaseModel{ID: 42}, Name: "test-listener"}
 
 	data, err := json.Marshal(listener)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/backend/internal/listener/p2_test.go b/backend/internal/listener/p2_test.go
index 1ec7736..0215072 100644
--- a/backend/internal/listener/p2_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/listener/p2_test.go
@@ -7,15 +7,28 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestListenerTemplateModel(t *testing.T) {
-	t := &models.ListenerTemplate{Name: "vless-default", Protocol: "vless", Config: `{"flow":"xtls-rprx-vision"}`}
-	if t.Name == "" || t.Protocol == "" { t.Fatal("template fields unexpectedly empty") }
+	tpl := &models.ListenerTemplate{Name: "vless-default", Protocol: "vless", Config: `{"flow":"xtls-rprx-vision"}`}
+	if tpl.Name == "" || tpl.Protocol == "" {
+		t.Fatal("template fields unexpectedly empty")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestListenerVersionSnapshotIsJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	l := &models.Listener{ID: 1, Name: "demo", Protocol: "vless", Port: "443", BindAddress: "0.0.0.0", Config: `{}`}
-	if err := ValidateModel(l); err != nil { t.Fatalf("valid listener rejected: %v", err) }
+	l := &models.Listener{
+		BaseModel:   models.BaseModel{ID: 1},
+		Name:        "demo",
+		Protocol:    "vless",
+		Port:        "443",
+		BindAddress: "0.0.0.0",
+		Config:      `{}`,
+	}
+	if err := ValidateModel(l); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("valid listener rejected: %v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestBatchIDsRequireNonEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	if len([]uint{}) != 0 { t.Fatal("unexpected non-empty ids") }
+	if len([]uint{}) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("unexpected non-empty ids")
+	}
 }
diff --git a/backend/internal/mihomo/config/generator_listener_auth_test.go b/backend/internal/mihomo/config/generator_listener_auth_test.go
index 10a7221..974e6ba 100644
--- a/backend/internal/mihomo/config/generator_listener_auth_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/mihomo/config/generator_listener_auth_test.go
@@ -7,15 +7,23 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestGenerateListenersUsesModelTLS(t *testing.T) {
-	listeners := []models.Listener{{ID: 1, Name: "vless", Protocol: "vless", Port: "443", TLS: true, Enabled: true}}
+	listeners := []models.Listener{{BaseModel: models.BaseModel{ID: 1}, Name: "vless", Protocol: "vless", Port: "443", TLS: true, Enabled: true}}
 	got, err := generateListeners(listeners, nil)
-	if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) }
-	if len(got) != 1 || got[0]["tls"] != true { t.Fatalf("expected tls=true, got %#v", got) }
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0]["tls"] != true {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tls=true, got %#v", got)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestGenerateListenersDoesNotFallbackWhenCredentialStateIsExplicitlyEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	listeners := []models.Listener{{ID: 1, Name: "vless", Protocol: "vless", Port: "443", Enabled: true, Config: `{"users":[{"uuid":"legacy"}]}`}}
+	listeners := []models.Listener{{BaseModel: models.BaseModel{ID: 1}, Name: "vless", Protocol: "vless", Port: "443", Enabled: true, Config: `{"users":[{"uuid":"legacy"}]}`}}
 	got, err := generateListeners(listeners, map[uint][]Credential{1: {}})
-	if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) }
-	if _, ok := got[0]["users"]; ok { t.Fatalf("legacy users leaked into explicitly empty credential state: %#v", got[0]["users"]) }
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := got[0]["users"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy users leaked into explicitly empty credential state: %#v", got[0]["users"])
+	}
 }