diff --git a/src/pages/ApiAccessPage.tsx b/src/pages/ApiAccessPage.tsx
index 42c858e..223fdb7 100644
--- a/src/pages/ApiAccessPage.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/ApiAccessPage.tsx
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ export type ProviderDraft = {
   baseUrl: string;
   priority: string;
   models: ModelOption[];
+  modelSelectionCatalog?: ModelOption[];
   prefix?: string;
   headersText?: string;
   excludedModelsText?: string;
@@ -507,7 +508,7 @@ const mergeModelRecords = (current: unknown, selected: ModelOption[]) => {
 export const exclusionsForModelSelection = (
   currentText: string,
   discoveredModels: ModelOption[],
-  selectedModelNames: Iterable<string>,
+  selectedModels: ModelOption[],
 ) => {
   const discovered = new Map<string, string>();
   discoveredModels.forEach((model) => {
@@ -515,7 +516,12 @@ export const exclusionsForModelSelection = (
     if (name && !discovered.has(name.toLowerCase())) discovered.set(name.toLowerCase(), name);
   });
   const selected = new Set(
-    Array.from(selectedModelNames, (name) => name.trim().toLowerCase()).filter(Boolean),
+    selectedModels.map((model) => model.name.trim().toLowerCase()).filter(Boolean),
+  );
+  const selectedClientNames = new Set(
+    selectedModels
+      .filter((model) => model.name.trim())
+      .map((model) => (model.alias?.trim() || model.name.trim()).toLowerCase()),
   );
   const rules = currentText
     .split(/[,\n]/)
@@ -525,7 +531,7 @@ export const exclusionsForModelSelection = (
 
   if (selected.size > 0) {
     discovered.forEach((name, key) => {
-      if (!selected.has(key)) next.push(name);
+      if (!selected.has(key) && !selectedClientNames.has(key)) next.push(name);
     });
   }
 
@@ -732,7 +738,17 @@ const applyAdvancedFields = (
     else delete next.headers;
   }
   if (draft.excludedModelsText !== undefined && section !== 'openai-compatibility') {
-    const excludedModels = draft.excludedModelsText
+    const excludedModelsText = draft.modelSelectionCatalog && draft.models.some((model) => model.name.trim())
+      ? exclusionsForModelSelection(
+          draft.excludedModelsText,
+          draft.modelSelectionCatalog,
+          (Array.isArray(next.models) ? next.models : []).filter(isRecord).map((model) => ({
+            name: readString(model, 'name'),
+            alias: readString(model, 'alias'),
+          })),
+        )
+      : draft.excludedModelsText;
+    const excludedModels = excludedModelsText
       .split(/[,\n]/)
       .map((value) => value.trim())
       .filter((value, index, values) =>
@@ -1814,7 +1830,11 @@ export function ApiProviderDialog({
       setModelError('');
       if (activeCategory === 'deepseek') setModelDiscoveryReady(false);
     }
-    setDraft((current) => ({ ...current, [field]: value }));
+    setDraft((current) => ({
+      ...current,
+      [field]: value,
+      ...(field === 'excludedModelsText' ? { modelSelectionCatalog: undefined } : {}),
+    }));
   };
 
   const updateBooleanField = (
@@ -1825,27 +1845,31 @@ export function ApiProviderDialog({
     setDraft((current) => ({ ...current, [field]: value }));
   };
 
+  const updateModels = (update: (models: ModelOption[]) => ModelOption[]) => {
+    setDraft((current) => {
+      const models = update(current.models);
+      return {
+        ...current,
+        models,
+        excludedModelsText: current.modelSelectionCatalog && models.some((model) => model.name.trim())
+          ? exclusionsForModelSelection(current.excludedModelsText ?? '', current.modelSelectionCatalog, models)
+          : current.excludedModelsText,
+      };
+    });
+  };
+
   const updateModel = (index: number, patch: Partial<ModelOption>) => {
-    setDraft((current) => ({
-      ...current,
-      models: current.models.map((model, modelIndex) =>
-        modelIndex === index ? { ...model, ...patch } : model,
-      ),
-    }));
+    updateModels((models) => models.map((model, modelIndex) =>
+      modelIndex === index ? { ...model, ...patch } : model,
+    ));
   };
 
   const addModel = () => {
-    setDraft((current) => ({
-      ...current,
-      models: [...current.models, { name: '', alias: '' }],
-    }));
+    updateModels((models) => [...models, { name: '', alias: '' }]);
   };
 
   const removeModel = (index: number) => {
-    setDraft((current) => ({
-      ...current,
-      models: current.models.filter((_, modelIndex) => modelIndex !== index),
-    }));
+    updateModels((models) => models.filter((_, modelIndex) => modelIndex !== index));
   };
 
   const addThinkingLevel = () => {
@@ -1949,12 +1973,13 @@ export function ApiProviderDialog({
     setDraft((current) => ({
       ...current,
       models: selectedModels,
+      modelSelectionCatalog: activeSection === 'openai-compatibility' ? undefined : discoveredModels,
       excludedModelsText: activeSection === 'openai-compatibility'
         ? current.excludedModelsText
         : exclusionsForModelSelection(
             current.excludedModelsText ?? '',
             discoveredModels,
-            selectedModelNames,
+            selectedModels,
           ),
     }));
     closeModelDiscovery();
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/model-selection.tsx b/tests/fixtures/model-selection.tsx
index 8a77dec..fd70fe7 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/model-selection.tsx
+++ b/tests/fixtures/model-selection.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { ApiProviderDialog, type ProviderDraft } from '../../src/pages/ApiAccess
 import '../../src/styles.css';
 
 const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search);
+const scenario = params.get('scenario') ?? 'saved';
 localStorage.setItem('easy-cli-proxy-api.locale', params.get('locale') ?? 'en');
 document.documentElement.dataset.theme = params.get('theme') ?? 'light';
 const fixture = window as typeof window & {
@@ -15,12 +16,14 @@ const fixture = window as typeof window & {
   fixturePending: (() => void)[];
   fixtureSaved: ProviderDraft | null;
 };
-fixture.fixtureCatalog = [
-  ...Array.from({ length: 240 }, (_, i) => ({ name: `gpt-${String(i + 1).padStart(3, '0')}` })),
-  ...Array.from({ length: 120 }, (_, i) => ({ name: `claude-${String(i + 1).padStart(3, '0')}` })),
-  ...Array.from({ length: 40 }, (_, i) => ({ name: `deepseek-${String(i + 1).padStart(3, '0')}` })),
-  { name: 'GPT-001' },
-];
+fixture.fixtureCatalog = scenario.startsWith('alias-')
+  ? [{ name: 'dsv4' }, { name: 'dsv4.1' }, { name: 'other' }]
+  : [
+      ...Array.from({ length: 240 }, (_, i) => ({ name: `gpt-${String(i + 1).padStart(3, '0')}` })),
+      ...Array.from({ length: 120 }, (_, i) => ({ name: `claude-${String(i + 1).padStart(3, '0')}` })),
+      ...Array.from({ length: 40 }, (_, i) => ({ name: `deepseek-${String(i + 1).padStart(3, '0')}` })),
+      { name: 'GPT-001' },
+    ];
 fixture.fixtureFailFetch = false;
 fixture.fixtureHoldNext = false;
 fixture.fixturePending = [];
@@ -41,11 +44,13 @@ mockIPC(async (cmd, rawArgs) => {
   throw new Error(`Unhandled fixture command: ${cmd}`);
 });
 
-const scenario = params.get('scenario') ?? 'saved';
 const initialDraft: ProviderDraft = {
   name: '', apiKey: 'fixture-key', remark: '', baseUrl: 'https://models.example.test', priority: '',
-  models: scenario === 'saved' ? [{ name: ' gpt-001 ', alias: 'Focus' }, { name: 'custom-local', alias: 'Local alias' }] : [],
-  excludedModelsText: scenario === 'excluded' ? 'gpt-*' : '',
+  models: scenario === 'alias-saved' ? [{ name: 'dsv4.1', alias: 'dsv4' }]
+    : scenario === 'saved' ? [{ name: ' gpt-001 ', alias: 'Focus' }, { name: 'custom-local', alias: 'Local alias' }] : [],
+  excludedModelsText: scenario === 'alias-saved' ? 'manual-model\nlegacy-*\ndsv4'
+    : scenario === 'alias-new' ? 'manual-model\nlegacy-*'
+    : scenario === 'excluded' ? 'gpt-*' : '',
 };
 createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
   <I18nProvider>
diff --git a/tests/model-selection-ui.cjs b/tests/model-selection-ui.cjs
index f0b569b..56c8d3a 100644
--- a/tests/model-selection-ui.cjs
+++ b/tests/model-selection-ui.cjs
@@ -117,13 +117,75 @@ const { mkdirSync } = require('node:fs');
     await counts(400, 0);
     await left.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add All', exact: true }).click();
     await counts(0, 400);
+
+    await open('alias-saved');
+    await counts(2, 1);
+    await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Apply Selection (1)', exact: true }).click();
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save', exact: true }).click();
+    const mapped = await page.evaluate(() => window.fixtureSaved);
+    assert.deepEqual(mapped.models, [{ name: 'dsv4.1', alias: 'dsv4' }]);
+    assert.deepEqual(mapped.excludedModelsText.split('\n'), ['manual-model', 'legacy-*', 'other']);
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Fetch Models', exact: true }).click();
+    await ready();
+    await counts(2, 1);
+    await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Apply Selection (1)', exact: true }).click();
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save', exact: true }).click();
+    assert.deepEqual(await page.evaluate(() => window.fixtureSaved), mapped, 'Reapplying must not reintroduce the alias exclusion');
+
+    await open('alias-new');
+    await right.getByRole('button', { name: 'Remove dsv4', exact: true }).click();
+    await right.getByRole('button', { name: 'Remove other', exact: true }).click();
+    await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Apply Selection (1)', exact: true }).click();
+    const exclusions = page.locator('.provider-advanced-settings textarea').last();
+    const aliasInput = page.locator('.model-config-entry input').nth(1);
+    const expectExclusions = async (extra) => assert.deepEqual((await exclusions.inputValue()).split('\n'), ['manual-model', 'legacy-*', ...extra]);
+    await expectExclusions(['dsv4', 'other']);
+    await aliasInput.fill(' DSV4 ');
+    await expectExclusions(['other']);
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save', exact: true }).click();
+    assert.deepEqual((await page.evaluate(() => window.fixtureSaved)).excludedModelsText.split('\n'), ['manual-model', 'legacy-*', 'other']);
+    await aliasInput.fill('other');
+    await expectExclusions(['dsv4']);
+    await aliasInput.fill('');
+    await aliasInput.pressSequentially('dsv4.1');
+    await expectExclusions(['dsv4', 'other']);
+
+    await page.evaluate(() => { window.fixtureCatalog = [{ name: 'new-upstream' }]; });
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Fetch Models', exact: true }).click();
+    await ready();
+    await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Cancel', exact: true }).click();
+    await aliasInput.fill('dsv4');
+    await expectExclusions(['other']);
+    await aliasInput.fill('dsv4.1');
+    await expectExclusions(['dsv4', 'other']);
+
+    await page.locator('.model-config-add').press('Enter');
+    const added = page.locator('.model-config-entry').last();
+    await added.locator('input').nth(0).fill('custom-upstream');
+    await added.locator('input').nth(1).fill('dsv4');
+    await expectExclusions(['other']);
+    await added.getByRole('button').press('Enter');
+    await expectExclusions(['dsv4', 'other']);
+
+    await page.locator('.model-config-entry').getByRole('button').press('Enter');
+    await expectExclusions(['dsv4', 'other']);
+    await page.locator('.model-config-add').press('Enter');
+    await page.locator('.model-config-entry input').nth(0).fill('dsv4.1');
+    await expectExclusions(['dsv4', 'other']);
+
+    const manualRules = 'dsv4\nother\nmanual-model\ndsv*';
+    await page.locator('.provider-advanced-settings summary').press('Enter');
+    await exclusions.fill(manualRules);
+    await aliasInput.fill('other');
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save', exact: true }).click();
+    assert.equal((await page.evaluate(() => window.fixtureSaved)).excludedModelsText, manualRules, 'Manual exclusions remain authoritative after editing aliases');
     assert.deepEqual(errors, []);
 
     mkdirSync('misc', { recursive: true });
     for (const [locale, theme, width, height] of [['zh-CN', 'light', 1280, 820], ['en', 'dark', 1280, 820], ['ja', 'light', 390, 740]]) {
       await page.setViewportSize({ width, height });
       await page.goto(`http://127.0.0.1:1423/tests/fixtures/model-selection.html?locale=${locale}&theme=${theme}`);
-      await page.locator('.model-config-heading button').click();
+      await page.locator('.model-config-heading button').press('Enter');
       await ready();
       const popup = page.locator('.model-transfer-dialog');
       const rect = await popup.boundingBox();
@@ -134,7 +196,7 @@ const { mkdirSync } = require('node:fs');
       }
       await page.screenshot({ path: `misc/model-selection-${locale}-${theme}.png` });
     }
-    console.log('PASS: 400 models, independent searches, filtered transfers, empty selection recovery, keyboard focus, refresh errors, selection persistence, cancel, stale responses, exclusions, save, and responsive themes');
+    console.log('PASS: 400 models, independent searches, filtered transfers, empty selection recovery, keyboard focus, refresh errors, selection persistence, cancel, stale responses, exclusions, alias collisions, alias edits, manual overrides, save, and responsive themes');
   } finally {
     await browser.close();
   }
diff --git a/tests/providerConfig.test.ts b/tests/providerConfig.test.ts
index ff10e29..a49ad56 100644
--- a/tests/providerConfig.test.ts
+++ b/tests/providerConfig.test.ts
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ describe('API 接入配置合并', () => {
     const result = exclusionsForModelSelection(
       'legacy-*\ngpt-image',
       [{ name: 'gpt-5-codex' }, { name: 'gpt-image' }, { name: 'gpt-5-mini' }],
-      new Set(['gpt-5-codex']),
+      [{ name: 'gpt-5-codex' }],
     );
 
     expect(result.split('\n')).toEqual(['legacy-*', 'gpt-image', 'gpt-5-mini']);
@@ -552,12 +552,89 @@ describe('API 接入配置合并', () => {
     const result = exclusionsForModelSelection(
       'legacy-*\ngpt-image\nmanual-model',
       [{ name: 'gpt-5-codex' }, { name: 'gpt-image' }],
-      new Set(['gpt-image']),
+      [{ name: 'gpt-image' }],
     );
 
     expect(result.split('\n')).toEqual(['legacy-*', 'manual-model', 'gpt-5-codex']);
   });
 
+  it('未勾选的原模型名与已选模型别名相同时不生成冲突排除规则', () => {
+    const discovered = [{ name: 'dsv4' }, { name: 'dsv4.1' }, { name: 'other' }];
+    const models = [{ name: 'dsv4.1', alias: 'dsv4' }];
+    const excludedModelsText = exclusionsForModelSelection('', discovered, models);
+
+    for (const section of ['codex-api-key', 'claude-api-key', 'gemini-api-key'] as const) {
+      const record = buildProviderRecord(section, {
+        ...createProviderDraft(section), apiKey: 'key', models, excludedModelsText,
+      });
+      expect(record.models).toEqual(models);
+      expect(record['excluded-models']).toEqual(['other']);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('重新应用勾选时清理旧的别名冲突，保留手动规则和通配符', () => {
+    expect(exclusionsForModelSelection(
+      'legacy-*\nmanual-model\nDSV4\ndsv4.1\ndsv*',
+      [{ name: ' dsv4 ' }, { name: 'dsv4.1' }, { name: 'other' }],
+      [{ name: ' DSV4.1 ', alias: ' DSV4 ' }],
+    ).split('\n')).toEqual(['legacy-*', 'manual-model', 'dsv*', 'other']);
+  });
+
+  it('已选自定义模型不在发现列表中时也保护其别名', () => {
+    expect(exclusionsForModelSelection(
+      'dsv4\nmanual-model',
+      [{ name: 'dsv4' }, { name: 'other', alias: 'dsv4' }],
+      [{ name: 'custom-upstream', alias: 'dsv4' }],
+    ).split('\n')).toEqual(['manual-model', 'other']);
+  });
+
+  it('勾选后编辑或移除别名时同步恢复和移除自动排除规则', () => {
+    const discovered = [{ name: 'dsv4' }, { name: 'dsv4.1' }, { name: 'other' }];
+    const before = exclusionsForModelSelection('manual-model', discovered, [{ name: 'dsv4.1' }]);
+    expect(before.split('\n')).toEqual(['manual-model', 'dsv4', 'other']);
+    const mapped = exclusionsForModelSelection(before, discovered, [{ name: 'dsv4.1', alias: 'dsv4' }]);
+    expect(mapped.split('\n')).toEqual(['manual-model', 'other']);
+    const renamed = exclusionsForModelSelection(mapped, discovered, [{ name: 'dsv4.1', alias: 'other' }]);
+    expect(renamed.split('\n')).toEqual(['manual-model', 'dsv4']);
+    expect(exclusionsForModelSelection(renamed, discovered, [{ name: 'dsv4.1' }])).toBe(before);
+  });
+
+  it('保存时按最终映射清理自动冲突，未应用勾选的手动排除保持不变', () => {
+    const draft = {
+      ...createProviderDraft('codex-api-key'), apiKey: 'key',
+      models: [{ name: 'dsv4.1', alias: 'dsv4' }],
+      excludedModelsText: 'dsv4\nother\ndsv*',
+    };
+    const automatic = buildProviderRecord('codex-api-key', {
+      ...draft, modelSelectionCatalog: [{ name: 'dsv4' }, { name: 'dsv4.1' }, { name: 'other' }],
+    });
+    expect(automatic['excluded-models']).toEqual(['dsv*', 'other']);
+    expect(automatic.modelSelectionCatalog).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(buildProviderRecord('codex-api-key', draft)['excluded-models']).toEqual(['dsv4', 'other', 'dsv*']);
+  });
+
+  it('保存时也保护配置合并保留的同源额外别名，并保留停用状态', () => {
+    const current = {
+      'api-key': 'key',
+      models: [{ name: 'dsv4.1' }, { name: 'dsv4.1', alias: 'dsv4', custom: true }],
+    };
+    const record = buildProviderRecord('codex-api-key', {
+      ...createProviderDraft('codex-api-key'), apiKey: 'key', disabled: true,
+      models: modelsFromRecord(current.models), excludedModelsText: 'dsv4',
+      modelSelectionCatalog: [{ name: 'dsv4' }, { name: 'dsv4.1' }, { name: 'other' }],
+    }, current);
+    expect(record.models).toEqual(current.models);
+    expect(record['excluded-models']).toEqual(['other', '*']);
+  });
+
+  it('反向映射同样保护已选模型对外名称', () => {
+    expect(exclusionsForModelSelection(
+      '',
+      [{ name: 'dsv4' }, { name: 'dsv4.1' }, { name: 'other' }],
+      [{ name: 'dsv4', alias: 'dsv4.1' }],
+    )).toBe('other');
+  });
+
   it('普通提供商没有模型映射时按真实开放状态初始化勾选', () => {
     const selected = modelSelectionForDiscovery(
       [],