feat(i18n): replace hardcoded Chinese messages with English

tests/appNotice.test.tsx

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
 const notice: AppNotice = {
   owner: 'api-page',
   source: 'app.nav.api',
-  message: '接入已启用',
+  message: 'Connection enabled',
   tone: 'success',
 };
 
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ describe('统一操作提示', () => {
     const first = appNoticeReducer(initialAppNoticeState, { type: 'show', notice });
     const next = appNoticeReducer(first, {
       type: 'show',
-      notice: { ...notice, message: '接入已停用' },
+      notice: { ...notice, message: 'Connection disabled' },
     });
-    expect(next.notice?.message).toBe('接入已停用');
+    expect(next.notice?.message).toBe('Connection disabled');
     expect(next.revision).toBe(2);
-    expect(first.notice?.message).toBe('接入已启用');
+    expect(first.notice?.message).toBe('Connection enabled');
   });
 
   it('重复的操作结果也产生新的可播报版本', () => {
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ describe('统一操作提示', () => {
   it('操作结果包含来源、完整消息和可访问的关闭按钮', () => {
     const html = renderNotice(appNoticeReducer(initialAppNoticeState, { type: 'show', notice }));
     expect(html).toContain('action-feedback inline-notice success');
-    expect(html).toContain('API 接入');
-    expect(html).toContain('接入已启用');
+    expect(html).toContain('API Access');
+    expect(html).toContain('Connection enabled');
     expect(html).toContain('role="status"');
     expect(html).toContain('aria-live="polite"');
     expect(html).toContain('aria-atomic="true"');
-    expect(html).toContain('aria-label="关闭操作提示"');
+    expect(html).toContain('aria-label="Dismiss operation feedback"');
     expect(html).not.toContain('config-toast');
     expect(html).not.toContain('<footer');
     expect(html).not.toContain('app-notice-bar');
@@ -89,19 +89,19 @@ describe('统一操作提示', () => {
 
   it('局部操作可省略重复的模块标题', () => {
     const html = renderNotice({ notice: { ...notice, source: undefined }, revision: 1 });
-    expect(html).toContain('接入已启用');
+    expect(html).toContain('Connection enabled');
     expect(html).not.toContain('action-feedback-source');
   });
 
   it('长错误保留全文、换行且转义外部内容', () => {
-    const message = `失败：${'详细错误'.repeat(160)}\n<script>alert(1)</script>`;
+    const message = `Failure: ${'Detailed error'.repeat(160)}\n<script>alert(1)</script>`;
     const html = renderNotice(appNoticeReducer(initialAppNoticeState, {
       type: 'show', notice: { ...notice, message, tone: 'error' },
     }));
     expect(html).toContain('action-feedback inline-notice error');
     expect(html).toContain('role="alert"');
     expect(html).toContain('aria-live="assertive"');
-    expect(html).toContain('详细错误'.repeat(160));
+    expect(html).toContain('Detailed error'.repeat(160));
     expect(html).toContain('\n&lt;script&gt;');
     expect(html).not.toContain('<script>');
   });
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ describe('统一操作提示', () => {
       type: 'show', notice: { ...notice, message },
     });
     expect(shown.notice?.message).toBe(message);
-    expect(renderNotice(shown)).toContain('&lt;QA&gt; 登录成功');
+    expect(renderNotice(shown)).toContain('&lt;QA&gt; sign-in succeeded');
     for (const locale of supportedLocales) {
       expect(translate(locale, message.key, message.variables)).toContain('<QA>');
     }

tests/authFileHealth.test.ts

@@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ describe('credential health and cooldowns', () => {
   });
 
   it('does not render elapsed timers as healthy, or hide disabled state behind a cooldown', () => {
-    expect(render({ status: 'active', cooldowns: [record] }, receivedAtMs - 60_000)).toContain('冷却计时已到期');
-    expect(render({ disabled: true, status: 'error', cooldowns: [record] })).toContain('已停用');
-    expect(render({ status: 'error', unavailable: true })).toContain('无法确定恢复时间');
-    expect(render({ status: 'active', cooldowns: null })).toContain('冷却状态未知');
+    expect(render({ status: 'active', cooldowns: [record] }, receivedAtMs - 60_000)).toContain('Cooldown timer elapsed');
+    expect(render({ disabled: true, status: 'error', cooldowns: [record] })).toContain('Disabled');
+    expect(render({ status: 'error', unavailable: true })).toContain('recovery time is unknown');
+    expect(render({ status: 'active', cooldowns: null })).toContain('Cooldown state is unknown');
     const expiredToken = render({ status: 'error', status_message: 'token expired', cooldowns: [record] }, receivedAtMs - 60_000);
-    expect(expiredToken.slice(0, expiredToken.indexOf('</summary>'))).toContain('访问令牌已过期');
+    expect(expiredToken.slice(0, expiredToken.indexOf('</summary>'))).toContain('Access token expired');
   });
 });

tests/authFileQuotaPanel.test.tsx

@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ it.each([
   const credentialHtml = renderToStaticMarkup(<I18nProvider><AuthFileQuotaPanel file={file} quota={quota} disabled={file.disabled} onRefresh={() => {}} onReset={onReset} /></I18nProvider>);
   const quotaHtml = renderToStaticMarkup(<I18nProvider><QuotaCard file={file} quota={quota} onRefresh={() => {}} onReset={onReset} /></I18nProvider>);
   const buttonState = (html: string) => {
-    const button = html.match(/<button[^>]*title="重置额度"[^>]*>重置额度<\/button>/)?.[0];
+    const button = html.match(/<button[^>]*title="Reset Quota"[^>]*>Reset Quota<\/button>/)?.[0];
     return { visible: Boolean(button), disabled: Boolean(button?.includes('disabled=""')) };
   };
   expect(buttonState(credentialHtml)).toEqual({ visible: values.visible, disabled: values.disabled });
   expect(buttonState(credentialHtml)).toEqual(buttonState(quotaHtml));
-  if (values.loading) expect(credentialHtml).toContain('正在提交重置并刷新额度');
+  if (values.loading) expect(credentialHtml).toContain('Submitting reset and refreshing quota');
 });

tests/confirmationDialog.test.tsx

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ import { I18nProvider } from '../src/i18n';
 
 describe('application confirmation and quota feedback', () => {
   it('renders an accessible in-app confirmation with explicit reset and cancel actions', () => {
-    const html = renderToStaticMarkup(<I18nProvider><ConfirmationDialog title="重置额度" message="确认重置测试账号？" confirmText="确认重置" warning="消耗 1 次重置机会" onDecision={() => {}} /></I18nProvider>);
+    const html = renderToStaticMarkup(<I18nProvider><ConfirmationDialog title="Reset Quota" message="Reset the test account quota?" confirmText="Confirm Reset" warning="This consumes one reset credit" onDecision={() => {}} /></I18nProvider>);
     expect(html).toContain('role="alertdialog"');
     expect(html).toContain('aria-modal="true"');
     expect(html).toContain('aria-describedby=');
-    expect(html).toContain('确认重置');
-    expect(html).toContain('取消');
-    expect(html).toContain('消耗 1 次重置机会');
+    expect(html).toContain('Confirm Reset');
+    expect(html).toContain('Cancel');
+    expect(html).toContain('This consumes one reset credit');
   });
 
   it('keeps reset feedback out of the card layout (message checked in browser)', () => {

tests/devin.test.ts

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ describe('Devin live quota', () => {
       { id: 'weekly', remainingPercent: 81.25, resetAtMs: 1893542400000 },
     ] });
     expect(quotaRowsFor('devin', liveStatus({ dailyQuotaRemainingPercent: 0 }))).toEqual([
-      { label: '每日额度', remainingPercent: 0, resetAtMs: undefined },
-      { label: '每周额度', remainingPercent: null, resetAtMs: undefined },
+      { label: 'Daily quota', remainingPercent: 0, resetAtMs: undefined },
+      { label: 'Weekly quota', remainingPercent: null, resetAtMs: undefined },
     ]);
   });
   it('does not turn malformed, missing or cached metadata into live quota', () => {

tests/i18n.test.ts

@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ describe('i18n', () => {
     expect(translate('zh-CN', 'authFiles.models.globalDescription', { provider: 'Codex' })).toContain('不影响 API 接入');
   });
 
-  it('normalizes English variants and keeps Chinese as the fallback', () => {
+  it('normalizes supported variants and keeps English as the fallback', () => {
     expect(normalizeLocale('en-US')).toBe('en');
     expect(normalizeLocale('en')).toBe('en');
     expect(normalizeLocale('zh-CN')).toBe('zh-CN');
     expect(normalizeLocale('zh-TW')).toBe('zh-TW');
     expect(normalizeLocale('zh-Hant-HK')).toBe('zh-TW');
     expect(normalizeLocale('ja-JP')).toBe('ja');
-    expect(normalizeLocale('unsupported')).toBe('zh-CN');
+    expect(normalizeLocale('unsupported')).toBe('en');
   });
 
   it('translates messages and interpolates variables', () => {

tests/managementApi.test.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ describe('apiCallErrorMessage', () => {
   });
 
   it('没有错误体时回退到 HTTP 状态', () => {
-    expect(apiCallErrorMessage({ status_code: 429 })).toBe('上游返回 HTTP 429');
+    expect(apiCallErrorMessage({ status_code: 429 })).toBe('Upstream returned HTTP 429');
   });
 });

tests/oauthModelSettings.test.ts

@@ -186,6 +186,6 @@ describe('credential model exclusion metadata', () => {
       expect(() => authFileExcludedRulesFromPayload(payload)).toThrow();
     }
     expect(() => authFileExcludedRulesFromPayload('{"access_token": "sensitive-token"'))
-      .toThrow('无法读取凭证文件内容，未加载模型设置');
+      .toThrow('Could not read the credential file; model settings were not loaded');
   });
 });

tests/providerConfig.test.ts

@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ describe('API 接入配置合并', () => {
     expect(parseProviderHeaders('Authorization: Bearer abc:def')).toEqual({
       Authorization: 'Bearer abc:def',
     });
-    expect(() => parseProviderHeaders('Invalid header')).toThrow('缺少冒号');
+    expect(() => parseProviderHeaders('Invalid header')).toThrow('missing a colon');
   });
 
   it('把未勾选的上游模型写入排除列表', () => {

tests/quotaRendering.test.tsx

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ describe('quota card rendering', () => {
       status: 'success', rows: [], resetCredits: 2, resetCreditsApplicable: 0,
       resetCreditsError: 'temporary failure', subscriptionActiveUntil: '2030-01-01T00:00:00Z',
     });
-    expect(html).toMatch(/<button[^>]*title="重置额度"[^>]*>重置额度<\/button>/);
-    expect(html).not.toMatch(/<button[^>]*disabled=""[^>]*>重置额度<\/button>/);
-    expect(html).not.toContain('当前没有适用的重置次数');
-    expect(html).toContain('当前适用：0 次');
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<button[^>]*title="Reset Quota"[^>]*>Reset Quota<\/button>/);
+    expect(html).not.toMatch(/<button[^>]*disabled=""[^>]*>Reset Quota<\/button>/);
+    expect(html).not.toContain('No applicable reset credits');
+    expect(html).toContain('Currently applicable: 0');
     expect(html).not.toContain('temporary failure');
-    expect(html).toContain('订阅到期');
+    expect(html).toContain('Subscription expires');
   });
 
   it.each(['error', 'refresh-error'] as const)('重置结果为 %s 时仍可再次点击重置', (status) => {
@@ -28,35 +28,35 @@ describe('quota card rendering', () => {
       status: 'success', rows: [], resetCredits: 2,
       actionResult: { action: 'reset', status, error: 'temporary failure' },
     });
-    expect(html).toMatch(/<button[^>]*title="重置额度"[^>]*>重置额度<\/button>/);
-    expect(html).not.toMatch(/<button[^>]*disabled=""[^>]*>重置额度<\/button>/);
+    expect(html).toMatch(/<button[^>]*title="Reset Quota"[^>]*>Reset Quota<\/button>/);
+    expect(html).not.toMatch(/<button[^>]*disabled=""[^>]*>Reset Quota<\/button>/);
     expect(html).not.toContain('temporary failure');
   });
 
   it('xAI 付费账号保留额度说明和刷新入口，不显示可用性测试', () => {
-    const html = render({ status: 'success', rows: [{ label: '付费 API 账号', remainingPercent: null, detail: '上游未提供剩余额度' }] }, 'xai');
-    expect(html).toContain('上游未提供剩余额度');
+    const html = render({ status: 'success', rows: [{ label: 'Paid API account', remainingPercent: null, detail: 'Upstream did not provide remaining quota' }] }, 'xai');
+    expect(html).toContain('Upstream did not provide remaining quota');
     expect(html).not.toContain('real-quota-track');
-    expect(html).not.toContain('测试可用性');
-    expect(html).toContain('获取/刷新额度');
+    expect(html).not.toContain('Test availability');
+    expect(html).toContain('Fetch or refresh quota');
   });
 
   it('xAI 探测成功显示可用说明，100% 额度保留刷新按钮', () => {
     const healthy = render({
       status: 'success', rows: quotaRowsFor('xai', { mode: 'paid-health' }),
     }, 'xai');
-    expect(healthy).toContain('付费 API 对话可用');
+    expect(healthy).toContain('Paid API chat is available');
     expect(healthy).not.toContain('real-quota-track');
     const full = render({
       status: 'success', rows: quotaRowsFor('xai', { config: { creditUsagePercent: 0 } }),
     }, 'xai');
-    expect(full).toContain('剩余 100%');
+    expect(full).toContain('100% remaining');
     expect(full).toContain('width:100%');
     expect(full).not.toContain('disabled=""');
   });
   it('缓存中的原始重置时间提供动态提示，过期额度不伪造为已恢复', () => {
     const html = render({ status: 'success', rows: [{ label: '5h', remainingPercent: 0, resetAtMs: Date.parse('2020-01-01T00:00:00Z') }] });
-    expect(html).toContain('重置时间已到，请刷新确认');
-    expect(html).toContain('剩余 0%');
+    expect(html).toContain('Reset time reached; refresh to verify');
+    expect(html).toContain('0% remaining');
   });
 });

tests/quotaRequests.test.ts

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ describe('quota API compatibility', () => {
     const result = await loadQuota(codexFile);
     expect(result.status).toBe('success');
     expect(result.resetCredits).toBe(2);
-    expect(result.resetCreditsError).toContain('无法识别');
+    expect(result.resetCreditsError).toContain('unrecognized data');
   });
 
   it('Claude profile 查询失败不影响现代 Fable 额度', async () => {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ describe('quota API compatibility', () => {
       ? { status_code: 500 }
       : success({ limits: [{ kind: 'weekly_scoped', percent: 40, scope: { model: { display_name: 'Fable 5' } } }] });
     expect(await loadQuota({ name: 'claude.json', provider: 'claude', auth_index: 'c' })).toMatchObject({
-      status: 'success', rows: [{ label: '7 天 Fable 窗口', remainingPercent: 60 }],
+      status: 'success', rows: [{ label: '7-day Fable window', remainingPercent: 60 }],
     });
   });
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ describe('xAI quota queries aligned with Management Center', () => {
     const result = await loadQuota({ ...file, using_api: true, prefix: 'paid' });
     expect(result).toMatchObject({ status: 'success', plan: 'Paid' });
     expect(result.rows[0].remainingPercent).toBeNull();
-    expect(result.rows[0].detail).toContain('付费 API 对话可用');
+    expect(result.rows[0].detail).toContain('Paid API chat is available');
     expect(calls).toHaveLength(2);
     expect(calls.map((request) => request.url)).toEqual([
       'https://api.x.ai/v1/me', 'https://api.x.ai/v1/chat/completions',

tests/quotaService.test.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
     });
 
     expect(rows).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(rows[0].label).toBe('周限额');
+    expect(rows[0].label).toBe('Weekly limit');
     expect(rows[0].remainingPercent).toBe(3);
     expect(rows[0].reset).toBeTruthy();
   });
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
       },
       additional_rate_limits: [
         {
-          limit_name: '代码审查增强',
+          limit_name: 'Enhanced code review',
           rate_limit: {
             primary_window: {
               used_percent: 30,
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
     });
 
     expect(rows.map((row) => row.label)).toEqual([
-      '5 小时限额',
-      '月限额',
-      '代码审查增强 周限额',
+      '5-hour limit',
+      'Monthly limit',
+      'Enhanced code review Weekly limit',
     ]);
   });
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
       },
     });
 
-    expect(rows.map((row) => row.label)).toEqual(['5 小时限额', '周限额']);
+    expect(rows.map((row) => row.label)).toEqual(['5-hour limit', 'Weekly limit']);
   });
 
   it('支持反序窗口且只在有重置时间时推断已耗尽额度', () => {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
         secondaryWindow: { limitWindowSeconds: 18000, resetAfterSeconds: 3600 },
       },
     });
-    expect(rows.map((row) => row.label)).toEqual(['5 小时限额', '周限额']);
+    expect(rows.map((row) => row.label)).toEqual(['5-hour limit', 'Weekly limit']);
     expect(rows.map((row) => row.remainingPercent)).toEqual([0, null]);
     expect(rows[0].resetAtMs).toBeGreaterThan(Date.now());
   });
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
       limits: [null, limit(null, true), limit(12, false, 'Fable 5'), limit(64, true), limit(99, true, 'Sonnet')],
     });
     expect(rows.map((row) => [row.label, row.remainingPercent])).toEqual([
-      ['5 小时窗口', 90], ['7 天 Fable 窗口', 36],
+      ['5-hour window', 90], ['7-day Fable window', 36],
     ]);
     expect(rows[1].resetAtMs).toBe(Date.parse('2030-01-01T00:00:00Z'));
   });
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
       limits: [{ kind: 'weekly_scoped', percent: null, scope: { model: { display_name: 'Fable' } } }],
     });
     expect(rows).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(rows[0]).toMatchObject({ label: '7 天 Fable 窗口', remainingPercent: 59 });
+    expect(rows[0]).toMatchObject({ label: '7-day Fable window', remainingPercent: 59 });
   });
 
   it('显示 Claude 已启用的额外用量', () => {
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
     });
 
     expect(rows.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
-      label: '额外用量',
+      label: 'Extra usage',
       remainingPercent: 75,
     });
     expect(rows.at(-1)?.detail).toContain('$12.50');
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
         { window: { duration: 90, timeUnit: 'TIME_UNIT_SECOND' }, detail: { limit: 100, used: 0 } },
       ],
     });
-    expect(rows.map((row) => row.label)).toEqual(['5 小时窗口', '7 天窗口', '5 小时窗口', '90 秒窗口', '每周额度']);
+    expect(rows.map((row) => row.label)).toEqual(['5 hours window', '7 days window', '5 hours window', '90 seconds window', 'Weekly quota']);
     expect(rows.at(-1)?.remainingPercent).toBeCloseTo(0.5);
     expect(rows[0].remainingPercent).toBe(80);
     expect(rows[0].resetAtMs).toBeGreaterThan(Date.now());
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
     expect(quotaRowsFor('xai', { config: { productUsage: [{ product: 'grok', usagePercent: 20 }] } })[1])
       .toMatchObject({ label: 'grok', remainingPercent: 80 });
     expect(quotaRowsFor('xai', { mode: 'paid-info' })[0])
-      .toMatchObject({ label: '付费 API 账号', remainingPercent: null });
+      .toMatchObject({ label: 'Paid API account', remainingPercent: null });
   });
 
   it('xAI 不从月账单借用周窗口的重置时间', () => {
@@ -297,10 +297,10 @@ describe('quotaRowsFor', () => {
       },
     });
 
-    expect(rows.find((row) => row.label === '每周额度')?.remainingPercent).toBe(75);
+    expect(rows.find((row) => row.label === 'Weekly quota')?.remainingPercent).toBe(75);
     expect(rows.find((row) => row.label === 'grok-code')?.remainingPercent).toBe(60);
-    expect(rows.find((row) => row.label === '月度包含额度')?.remainingPercent).toBe(0);
-    expect(rows.find((row) => row.label === '按量付费额度')?.remainingPercent).toBe(60);
+    expect(rows.find((row) => row.label === 'Monthly included quota')?.remainingPercent).toBe(0);
+    expect(rows.find((row) => row.label === 'On-demand quota')?.remainingPercent).toBe(60);
   });
 
   it('xAI 保留 0 和 100 的边界值，缺失用量不显示全额余额', () => {

tests/thinkingAliases.test.ts

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ describe('思考别名来源', () => {
   test('区分同名模型的接入来源', () => {
     expect(thinkingAliasSourceKindLabel('codex-oauth')).toBe('Codex OAuth');
     expect(thinkingAliasSourceKindLabel('claude-api')).toBe('Claude API');
-    expect(thinkingAliasSourceKindLabel('openai-compatible')).toBe('OpenAI 兼容');
+    expect(thinkingAliasSourceKindLabel('openai-compatible')).toBe('OpenAI Compatible');
   });
 
   test('仅把内核报告了思考等级的来源标为可覆写', () => {