diff --git a/app/services/grok/services/chat.py b/app/services/grok/services/chat.py
index ea88209..9e04bb6 100644
--- a/app/services/grok/services/chat.py
+++ b/app/services/grok/services/chat.py
@@ -288,7 +288,11 @@ class GrokChatService:
         # 重试机制
         def extract_status(e: Exception) -> int | None:
             if isinstance(e, UpstreamException) and e.details:
-                return e.details.get("status")
+                status = e.details.get("status")
+                # 429 不在内层重试，由外层跨 token 重试处理
+                if status == 429:
+                    return None
+                return status
             return None
 
         session = None
@@ -387,22 +391,41 @@ class ChatService:
         token_mgr = await get_token_manager()
         await token_mgr.reload_if_stale()
 
-        token = None
-        for pool_name in ModelService.pool_candidates_for_model(model):
-            token = token_mgr.get_token(pool_name)
-            if token:
-                break
+        # 解析参数（只需解析一次）
+        think = {"enabled": True, "disabled": False}.get(thinking)
+        is_stream = stream if stream is not None else get_config("chat.stream")
 
-        if not token:
-            logger.info("No available tokens, attempting to refresh cooling tokens...")
-            result = await token_mgr.refresh_cooling_tokens()
-            if result.get("recovered", 0) > 0:
-                for pool_name in ModelService.pool_candidates_for_model(model):
-                    token = token_mgr.get_token(pool_name)
-                    if token:
-                        break
+        # 构造请求（只需构造一次）
+        chat_request = ChatRequest(
+            model=model, messages=messages, stream=is_stream, think=think
+        )
+
+        # 跨 Token 重试循环
+        tried_tokens = set()
+        max_token_retries = 3
+        last_error = None
+
+        for attempt in range(max_token_retries):
+            # 选择 token（排除已失败的）
+            token = None
+            for pool_name in ModelService.pool_candidates_for_model(model):
+                token = token_mgr.get_token(pool_name, exclude=tried_tokens)
+                if token:
+                    break
+
+            if not token and not tried_tokens:
+                # 首次就无 token，尝试刷新
+                logger.info("No available tokens, attempting to refresh cooling tokens...")
+                result = await token_mgr.refresh_cooling_tokens()
+                if result.get("recovered", 0) > 0:
+                    for pool_name in ModelService.pool_candidates_for_model(model):
+                        token = token_mgr.get_token(pool_name)
+                        if token:
+                            break
 
             if not token:
+                if last_error:
+                    raise last_error
                 raise AppException(
                     message="No available tokens. Please try again later.",
                     error_type=ErrorType.RATE_LIMIT.value,
@@ -410,43 +433,63 @@ class ChatService:
                     status_code=429,
                 )
 
-        # 解析参数
-        think = {"enabled": True, "disabled": False}.get(thinking)
-        is_stream = stream if stream is not None else get_config("chat.stream")
+            tried_tokens.add(token)
 
-        # 构造请求
-        chat_request = ChatRequest(
-            model=model, messages=messages, stream=is_stream, think=think
+            try:
+                # 请求 Grok
+                service = GrokChatService()
+                response, _, model_name = await service.chat_openai(token, chat_request)
+
+                # 处理响应
+                if is_stream:
+                    logger.debug(f"Processing stream response: model={model}")
+                    processor = StreamProcessor(model_name, token, think)
+                    return wrap_stream_with_usage(
+                        processor.process(response), token_mgr, token, model
+                    )
+
+                # 非流式
+                logger.debug(f"Processing non-stream response: model={model}")
+                result = await CollectProcessor(model_name, token).process(response)
+                try:
+                    model_info = ModelService.get(model)
+                    effort = (
+                        EffortType.HIGH
+                        if (model_info and model_info.cost.value == "high")
+                        else EffortType.LOW
+                    )
+                    await token_mgr.consume(token, effort)
+                    logger.info(f"Chat completed: model={model}, effort={effort.value}")
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning(f"Failed to record usage: {e}")
+                return result
+
+            except UpstreamException as e:
+                status_code = e.details.get("status") if e.details else None
+                last_error = e
+
+                if status_code == 429:
+                    # 配额不足，标记 token 为 cooling 并换 token 重试
+                    await token_mgr.mark_rate_limited(token)
+                    logger.warning(
+                        f"Token {token[:10]}... rate limited (429), "
+                        f"trying next token (attempt {attempt + 1}/{max_token_retries})"
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                # 非 429 错误，不换 token，直接抛出
+                raise
+
+        # 所有 token 都 429，抛出最后的错误
+        if last_error:
+            raise last_error
+        raise AppException(
+            message="No available tokens. Please try again later.",
+            error_type=ErrorType.RATE_LIMIT.value,
+            code="rate_limit_exceeded",
+            status_code=429,
         )
 
-        # 请求 Grok
-        service = GrokChatService()
-        response, _, model_name = await service.chat_openai(token, chat_request)
-
-        # 处理响应
-        if is_stream:
-            logger.debug(f"Processing stream response: model={model}")
-            processor = StreamProcessor(model_name, token, think)
-            return wrap_stream_with_usage(
-                processor.process(response), token_mgr, token, model
-            )
-
-        # 非流式
-        logger.debug(f"Processing non-stream response: model={model}")
-        result = await CollectProcessor(model_name, token).process(response)
-        try:
-            model_info = ModelService.get(model)
-            effort = (
-                EffortType.HIGH
-                if (model_info and model_info.cost.value == "high")
-                else EffortType.LOW
-            )
-            await token_mgr.consume(token, effort)
-            logger.info(f"Chat completed: model={model}, effort={effort.value}")
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"Failed to record usage: {e}")
-        return result
-
 
 __all__ = [
     "GrokChatService",
diff --git a/app/services/token/manager.py b/app/services/token/manager.py
index d72cbd4..39423ed 100644
--- a/app/services/token/manager.py
+++ b/app/services/token/manager.py
@@ -185,12 +185,13 @@ class TokenManager:
             if self._dirty:
                 self._schedule_save()
 
-    def get_token(self, pool_name: str = "ssoBasic") -> Optional[str]:
+    def get_token(self, pool_name: str = "ssoBasic", exclude: set = None) -> Optional[str]:
         """
         获取可用 Token
 
         Args:
             pool_name: Token 池名称
+            exclude: 需要排除的 token 字符串集合
 
         Returns:
             Token 字符串或 None
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ class TokenManager:
             logger.warning(f"Pool '{pool_name}' not found")
             return None
 
-        token_info = pool.select()
+        token_info = pool.select(exclude=exclude)
         if not token_info:
             logger.warning(f"No available token in pool '{pool_name}'")
             return None
@@ -435,6 +436,37 @@ class TokenManager:
         logger.warning(f"Token {raw_token[:10]}...: not found for failure record")
         return False
 
+    async def mark_rate_limited(self, token_str: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        将 Token 标记为配额耗尽（COOLING）
+
+        当 Grok API 返回 429 时调用，将 quota 设为 0 并标记 COOLING，
+        使该 Token 不再被选中，等待下次 Scheduler 刷新恢复。
+
+        Args:
+            token_str: Token 字符串
+
+        Returns:
+            是否成功
+        """
+        raw_token = token_str.removeprefix("sso=")
+
+        for pool in self.pools.values():
+            token = pool.get(raw_token)
+            if token:
+                old_quota = token.quota
+                token.quota = 0
+                token.status = TokenStatus.COOLING
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"Token {raw_token[:10]}...: marked as rate limited "
+                    f"(quota {old_quota} -> 0, status -> cooling)"
+                )
+                self._schedule_save()
+                return True
+
+        logger.warning(f"Token {raw_token[:10]}...: not found for rate limit marking")
+        return False
+
     # ========== 管理功能 ==========
 
     async def add(self, token: str, pool_name: str = "ssoBasic") -> bool:
diff --git a/app/services/token/pool.py b/app/services/token/pool.py
index 405a84b..55a9103 100644
--- a/app/services/token/pool.py
+++ b/app/services/token/pool.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class TokenPool:
         """获取 Token"""
         return self._tokens.get(token_str)
 
-    def select(self) -> Optional[TokenInfo]:
+    def select(self, exclude: set = None) -> Optional[TokenInfo]:
         """
         选择一个可用 Token
         策略:
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ class TokenPool:
             t
             for t in self._tokens.values()
             if t.status == TokenStatus.ACTIVE and t.quota > 0
+            and (not exclude or t.token not in exclude)
         ]
 
         if not available: