diff --git a/app/services/grok/services/chat.py b/app/services/grok/services/chat.py
index bae64e5..e7afa90 100644
--- a/app/services/grok/services/chat.py
+++ b/app/services/grok/services/chat.py
@@ -95,6 +95,170 @@ def extract_tool_text(raw: str, rollout_id: str = "") -> str:
     return re.sub(r"<[^>]+>", "", raw, flags=re.DOTALL).strip()
 
 
+def _tool_card_to_source_group(card_id: str, card: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any] | None:
+    if not card_id or not isinstance(card, dict):
+        return None
+
+    if web_search := card.get("webSearch"):
+        args = web_search.get("args") or {}
+        query = args.get("query") or args.get("q") or ""
+        return {
+            "tool_usage_card_id": card_id,
+            "kind": "web_search",
+            "query": query,
+            "results": [],
+        }
+
+    if image_search := card.get("imageSearch"):
+        args = image_search.get("args") or {}
+        query = (
+            args.get("imageDescription")
+            or args.get("image_description")
+            or args.get("query")
+            or ""
+        )
+        return {
+            "tool_usage_card_id": card_id,
+            "kind": "search_images",
+            "query": query,
+            "results": [],
+        }
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _normalize_source_results(items: Any) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+    normalized: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for item in items or []:
+        if not isinstance(item, dict):
+            continue
+        url = str(item.get("url") or item.get("link") or "").strip()
+        if not url or url in seen:
+            continue
+        seen.add(url)
+        normalized.append(
+            {
+                "url": url,
+                "title": str(item.get("title") or "").strip(),
+                "preview": str(item.get("preview") or item.get("snippet") or "").strip(),
+            }
+        )
+    return normalized
+
+
+def _extract_card_attachment_sources(card_attachments: Any) -> Dict[str, List[Dict[str, str]]]:
+    citations: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+    images: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+    seen_citations: set[str] = set()
+    seen_images: set[str] = set()
+
+    for raw in card_attachments or []:
+        if not isinstance(raw, str) or not raw.strip():
+            continue
+        try:
+            card = orjson.loads(raw)
+        except orjson.JSONDecodeError:
+            continue
+        if not isinstance(card, dict):
+            continue
+
+        card_type = str(card.get("type") or "")
+        if card_type == "render_inline_citation":
+            url = str(card.get("url") or "").strip()
+            if url and url not in seen_citations:
+                seen_citations.add(url)
+                citations.append(
+                    {
+                        "url": url,
+                        "title": "",
+                    }
+                )
+            continue
+
+        if card_type == "render_searched_image":
+            image = card.get("image") or {}
+            url = str(image.get("link") or image.get("original") or "").strip()
+            if url and url not in seen_images:
+                seen_images.add(url)
+                images.append(
+                    {
+                        "url": url,
+                        "title": str(image.get("title") or "").strip(),
+                        "thumbnail": str(image.get("thumbnail") or "").strip(),
+                        "original": str(image.get("original") or "").strip(),
+                    }
+                )
+
+    return {"citations": citations, "images": images}
+
+
+def extract_sources_payload(model_response: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any] | None:
+    if not isinstance(model_response, dict):
+        return None
+
+    groups_by_id: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    group_order: List[str] = []
+
+    def ensure_group(card_id: str, card: Dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Dict[str, Any] | None:
+        if not card_id:
+            return None
+        group = groups_by_id.get(card_id)
+        if group is None and isinstance(card, dict):
+            group = _tool_card_to_source_group(card_id, card)
+            if group:
+                groups_by_id[card_id] = group
+                group_order.append(card_id)
+        return group
+
+    for step in model_response.get("steps") or []:
+        if not isinstance(step, dict):
+            continue
+
+        for card in step.get("toolUsageCards") or []:
+            if not isinstance(card, dict):
+                continue
+            card_id = str(card.get("toolUsageCardId") or "").strip()
+            ensure_group(card_id, card)
+
+        for result in step.get("toolUsageResults") or []:
+            if not isinstance(result, dict):
+                continue
+            card_id = str(result.get("toolUsageCardId") or "").strip()
+            group = ensure_group(card_id)
+            if not group:
+                continue
+
+            web_results = ((result.get("webSearchResults") or {}).get("results")) or []
+            normalized = _normalize_source_results(web_results)
+            if normalized:
+                group["results"] = normalized
+
+    if not groups_by_id:
+        fallback_results = _normalize_source_results(
+            ((model_response.get("webSearchResults") or {}).get("results")) or []
+        )
+        if fallback_results:
+            groups_by_id["__fallback__"] = {
+                "tool_usage_card_id": "__fallback__",
+                "kind": "web_search",
+                "query": "",
+                "results": fallback_results,
+            }
+            group_order.append("__fallback__")
+
+    attachments = _extract_card_attachment_sources(model_response.get("cardAttachmentsJson"))
+    groups = [groups_by_id[group_id] for group_id in group_order if groups_by_id.get(group_id)]
+    payload = {
+        "groups": groups,
+        "citations": attachments["citations"],
+        "images": attachments["images"],
+    }
+    if payload["groups"] or payload["citations"] or payload["images"]:
+        return payload
+    return None
+
+
 def _get_chat_semaphore() -> asyncio.Semaphore:
     global _CHAT_SEMAPHORE, _CHAT_SEM_VALUE
     value = max(1, int(get_config("chat.concurrent")))
@@ -570,6 +734,10 @@ class StreamProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
         self._tool_partial = ""
         self._tool_calls_seen = False
         self._tool_call_index = 0
+        self._source_groups: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+        self._source_order: List[str] = []
+        self._citation_sources: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+        self._image_sources: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
 
     def _filter_tool_card(self, token: str) -> str:
         if not token or not self.tool_usage_enabled:
@@ -734,6 +902,7 @@ class StreamProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
         role: str = None,
         finish: str = None,
         tool_calls: list = None,
+        sources: Dict[str, Any] = None,
     ) -> str:
         """Build SSE response."""
         delta = {}
@@ -755,8 +924,38 @@ class StreamProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
                 {"index": 0, "delta": delta, "logprobs": None, "finish_reason": finish}
             ],
         }
+        if sources is not None:
+            chunk["sources"] = sources
         return f"data: {orjson.dumps(chunk).decode()}\n\n"
 
+    def _ensure_source_group(
+        self, card_id: str, card: Dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any] | None:
+        if not card_id:
+            return None
+        group = self._source_groups.get(card_id)
+        if group is None and isinstance(card, dict):
+            group = _tool_card_to_source_group(card_id, card)
+            if group:
+                self._source_groups[card_id] = group
+                self._source_order.append(card_id)
+        return group
+
+    def _sources_payload(self) -> Dict[str, Any] | None:
+        groups = [
+            self._source_groups[group_id]
+            for group_id in self._source_order
+            if self._source_groups.get(group_id)
+        ]
+        payload = {
+            "groups": groups,
+            "citations": self._citation_sources,
+            "images": self._image_sources,
+        }
+        if payload["groups"] or payload["citations"] or payload["images"]:
+            return payload
+        return None
+
     async def _close_think_block(self) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
         """Close the visible think block before emitting normal answer content."""
         if self.think_opened:
@@ -848,6 +1047,19 @@ class StreamProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
                         except orjson.JSONDecodeError:
                             card_data = None
                         if isinstance(card_data, dict):
+                            attachments = _extract_card_attachment_sources([json_data])
+                            if attachments["citations"]:
+                                seen = {item.get("url") for item in self._citation_sources}
+                                for item in attachments["citations"]:
+                                    if item.get("url") and item.get("url") not in seen:
+                                        seen.add(item["url"])
+                                        self._citation_sources.append(item)
+                            if attachments["images"]:
+                                seen = {item.get("url") for item in self._image_sources}
+                                for item in attachments["images"]:
+                                    if item.get("url") and item.get("url") not in seen:
+                                        seen.add(item["url"])
+                                        self._image_sources.append(item)
                             image = card_data.get("image") or {}
                             original = image.get("original")
                             title = image.get("title") or ""
@@ -861,6 +1073,27 @@ class StreamProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
                                     yield self._sse(f"![image]({original})\n")
                     continue
 
+                if tool_card := resp.get("toolUsageCard"):
+                    card_id = str(
+                        resp.get("toolUsageCardId") or tool_card.get("toolUsageCardId") or ""
+                    ).strip()
+                    self._ensure_source_group(card_id, tool_card)
+                    sources_payload = self._sources_payload()
+                    if sources_payload:
+                        yield self._sse(sources=sources_payload)
+
+                if resp.get("messageTag") == "raw_function_result":
+                    card_id = str(resp.get("toolUsageCardId") or "").strip()
+                    group = self._ensure_source_group(card_id)
+                    web_results = ((resp.get("webSearchResults") or {}).get("results")) or []
+                    normalized = _normalize_source_results(web_results)
+                    if group is not None and normalized:
+                        group["results"] = normalized
+                        sources_payload = self._sources_payload()
+                        if sources_payload:
+                            yield self._sse(sources=sources_payload)
+                    continue
+
                 if (token := resp.get("token")) is not None:
                     if not token:
                         continue
@@ -909,7 +1142,7 @@ class StreamProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
                     elif kind == "tool":
                         yield self._sse(tool_calls=[payload])
             finish_reason = "tool_calls" if self._tool_stream_enabled and self._tool_calls_seen else "stop"
-            yield self._sse(finish=finish_reason)
+            yield self._sse(finish=finish_reason, sources=self._sources_payload())
             yield "data: [DONE]\n\n"
         except asyncio.CancelledError:
             logger.debug("Stream cancelled by client", extra={"model": self.model})
@@ -1012,6 +1245,7 @@ class CollectProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
         response_id = ""
         fingerprint = ""
         content = ""
+        final_model_response: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         idle_timeout = get_config("chat.stream_timeout")
         first_item_timeout = get_config("chat.first_token_timeout")
 
@@ -1033,6 +1267,7 @@ class CollectProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
                     fingerprint = llm.get("modelHash", "")
 
                 if mr := resp.get("modelResponse"):
+                    final_model_response = mr
                     response_id = mr.get("responseId", "")
                     content = mr.get("message", "")
 
@@ -1125,6 +1360,7 @@ class CollectProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
                 content = text_content
                 finish_reason = "tool_calls"
 
+        sources_payload = extract_sources_payload(final_model_response)
         message_obj = {
             "role": "assistant",
             "content": content,
@@ -1133,6 +1369,8 @@ class CollectProcessor(proc_base.BaseProcessor):
         }
         if tool_calls_result:
             message_obj["tool_calls"] = tool_calls_result
+        if sources_payload:
+            message_obj["sources"] = sources_payload
 
         return {
             "id": response_id,
diff --git a/app/static/public/css/chat.css b/app/static/public/css/chat.css
index 467605e..5378783 100644
--- a/app/static/public/css/chat.css
+++ b/app/static/public/css/chat.css
@@ -131,6 +131,142 @@ body {
   background: rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.06);
 }
 
+.sources-widget {
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+.sources-chip {
+  list-style: none;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  width: fit-content;
+  padding: 4px 10px 4px 4px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--chat-border);
+  background: var(--chat-surface);
+  color: var(--chat-ink);
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.sources-chip::-webkit-details-marker {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.sources-chip:hover {
+  background: var(--chat-muted);
+}
+
+.sources-icons {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+.sources-icon-badge,
+.sources-icon-fallback,
+.source-row-icon {
+  width: 20px;
+  height: 20px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--chat-border);
+  background: var(--chat-surface);
+  overflow: hidden;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.sources-icon-badge + .sources-icon-badge {
+  margin-left: -10px;
+}
+
+.sources-icon-badge img,
+.source-row-icon img {
+  width: 16px;
+  height: 16px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+}
+
+.sources-icon-fallback,
+.source-row-icon {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--accents-4);
+}
+
+.sources-chip-label {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.sources-panel {
+  position: absolute;
+  left: 0;
+  bottom: calc(100% + 8px);
+  min-width: min(520px, calc(100vw - 48px));
+  max-width: min(640px, calc(100vw - 48px));
+  max-height: 320px;
+  overflow: auto;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--chat-border);
+  background: var(--chat-surface);
+  box-shadow: 0 18px 32px rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.14);
+  z-index: 20;
+}
+
+.sources-widget:not([open]) .sources-panel {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.sources-section-title {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--accents-4);
+  padding: 6px 8px 4px;
+}
+
+.source-row {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 10px;
+  color: inherit;
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.source-row:hover {
+  background: var(--chat-muted);
+}
+
+.source-row.is-query {
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+.source-row.is-query:hover {
+  background: transparent;
+}
+
+.source-row-text {
+  min-width: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 2px;
+}
+
+.source-row-meta {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--accents-4);
+}
+
+.source-row-title {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: var(--chat-ink);
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+
 .message-bubble {
   max-width: 100%;
   font-size: 14px;
@@ -146,6 +282,7 @@ body {
 
 .message-row.assistant .message-content {
   width: 100%;
+  max-width: min(860px, 100%);
 }
 
 .message-row.user .message-bubble {
@@ -237,20 +374,54 @@ body {
   padding: 0;
 }
 
-.message-content.rendered img {
-  max-width: min(420px, 100%);
-  max-height: 320px;
-  border-radius: 12px;
-  margin-top: 12px;
-  border: 1px solid var(--chat-border);
-  cursor: zoom-in;
-}
-
 .message-content.rendered a {
   color: inherit;
   text-decoration: underline;
 }
 
+.message-content.rendered .inline-citation-chip {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  min-height: 24px;
+  margin: 0 4px;
+  padding: 2.5px 8px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  border: none;
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--chat-muted) 88%, var(--chat-surface));
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--chat-ink) 64%, transparent);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  line-height: 1;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  vertical-align: middle;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  appearance: none;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .inline-citation-chip:hover {
+  color: var(--chat-ink);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--chat-muted) 70%, var(--chat-surface));
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .inline-citation-chip__label {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .inline-citation-chip__count {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--chat-ink) 38%, transparent);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .print-hidden {
+  display: inline;
+}
+
 .message-content.rendered .inline-code {
   background: var(--chat-muted);
   border: 1px solid var(--chat-border);
@@ -314,25 +485,66 @@ body {
   line-height: 1.3;
 }
 
-.message-content.rendered h1 { font-size: 20px; }
-.message-content.rendered h2 { font-size: 18px; }
-.message-content.rendered h3 { font-size: 16px; }
+.message-content.rendered h1 { font-size: 24px; }
+.message-content.rendered h2 { font-size: 20px; }
+.message-content.rendered h3 { font-size: 17px; }
 .message-content.rendered h4 { font-size: 15px; }
 .message-content.rendered h5 { font-size: 14px; }
 .message-content.rendered h6 { font-size: 13px; }
 
 .message-content.rendered p {
-  margin: 6px 0;
+  margin: 10px 0;
+  line-height: 1.78;
 }
 
 .message-content.rendered ul,
 .message-content.rendered ol {
-  margin: 6px 0 10px;
-  padding-left: 20px;
+  margin: 10px 0 16px;
+  padding-left: 24px;
 }
 
 .message-content.rendered li {
-  margin: 4px 0;
+  margin: 8px 0;
+  line-height: 1.72;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered strong {
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered > :first-child {
+  margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered > :last-child {
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .message-image-card {
+  display: block;
+  width: 100%;
+  max-width: min(680px, 100%);
+  margin: 18px 0 20px;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .message-image-card img {
+  display: block;
+  width: 100%;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  max-height: none;
+  margin: 0;
+  border-radius: 16px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--chat-border);
+  background: var(--chat-surface);
+  cursor: zoom-in;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .message-image-caption {
+  margin-top: 8px;
+  padding: 0 2px;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  line-height: 1.45;
+  color: var(--accents-4);
 }
 
 .message-content.rendered .table-wrap {
@@ -436,7 +648,7 @@ body {
 .img-grid {
   display: grid;
   gap: 2px;
-  margin: 12px 0;
+  margin: 18px 0 20px;
   grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--cols, 4), minmax(0, 1fr));
   width: 100%;
   max-width: 100%;
@@ -446,11 +658,18 @@ body {
 .img-grid > * {
   display: block;
   width: 100%;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .img-grid .message-image-card {
+  max-width: none;
+  width: 100%;
+  margin: 0;
 }
 
 .message-content.rendered .img-grid img {
   width: 100%;
-  height: auto;
+  height: 100%;
   display: block;
   max-width: 100%;
   max-height: none;
@@ -458,6 +677,17 @@ body {
   border-radius: 12px;
   border: 1px solid var(--chat-border);
   background: transparent;
+  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
+  object-fit: cover;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .img-grid .message-image-caption {
+  padding: 0 4px;
+}
+
+.message-content.rendered .img-grid .message-image-card {
+  overflow: hidden;
+  border-radius: 12px;
 }
 
 .img-retry {
@@ -1142,6 +1372,12 @@ html[data-theme='dark'] .model-option.active {
 }
 
 @media (max-width: 720px) {
+  .sources-panel {
+    left: auto;
+    right: 0;
+    min-width: min(340px, calc(100vw - 32px));
+  }
+
   .message-bubble {
     max-width: 100%;
   }
diff --git a/app/static/public/js/chat.js b/app/static/public/js/chat.js
index 64c9f58..b83133c 100644
--- a/app/static/public/js/chat.js
+++ b/app/static/public/js/chat.js
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
       const text = getMessageDisplay(msg);
       const entry = createMessage(msg.role, text);
       if (entry && msg.role === 'assistant') {
+        entry.sources = msg.sources || null;
         updateMessage(entry, text, true);
       }
     }
@@ -572,9 +573,189 @@
     });
   }
 
+  function getInlineCitationLabel(link) {
+    if (!link || typeof link !== 'object') return '';
+    const hostname = normalizeSourceText(link.hostname || getSourceHostname(link.href || ''));
+    if (hostname) return hostname;
+    const label = normalizeSourceText(link.label || '');
+    if (label) return label;
+    return normalizeSourceText(link.href || '');
+  }
+
+  function buildInlineCitationChip(links) {
+    const items = Array.isArray(links) ? links.filter(Boolean) : [];
+    if (!items.length) return '';
+    const first = items[0];
+    const href = escapeHtml(String(first.href || '').trim());
+    const label = escapeHtml(getInlineCitationLabel(first));
+    if (!href || !label) return '';
+    const extraCount = items.length - 1;
+    const titles = items
+      .map((item) => normalizeSourceText(item.label || item.hostname || item.href || ''))
+      .filter(Boolean);
+    const titleAttr = titles.length ? ` title="${escapeHtml(titles.join('\n'))}"` : '';
+    return `<span class="inline print-hidden"><span class="inline"><a href="${href}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="citation inline-citation-chip no-copy inline text-nowrap print-hidden"${titleAttr} data-state="closed"><span class="inline-citation-chip__label">${label}</span>${extraCount > 0 ? `<span class="inline-citation-chip__count">+${extraCount}</span>` : ''}</a></span></span>`;
+  }
+
+  function renderInlineCitationTokens(value, htmlLinks) {
+    return value.replace(/(?:@@HTMLLINK_\d+@@(?:\s|&nbsp;|\u00a0|\u2060)*)+/g, (match) => {
+      const indices = Array.from(match.matchAll(/@@HTMLLINK_(\d+)@@/g))
+        .map((part) => Number(part[1]))
+        .filter((index) => Number.isFinite(index));
+      const links = [];
+      const seen = new Set();
+      indices.forEach((index) => {
+        const item = htmlLinks[index];
+        const href = String(item && item.href || '').trim();
+        if (!href || seen.has(href)) return;
+        seen.add(href);
+        links.push(item);
+      });
+      if (!links.length) return '';
+      const grouped = [];
+      let currentGroup = [];
+      let currentKey = '';
+      links.forEach((item) => {
+        const key = normalizeSourceText(item.hostname || item.href || '');
+        if (!currentGroup.length || key === currentKey) {
+          currentGroup.push(item);
+          currentKey = key;
+          return;
+        }
+        grouped.push(currentGroup);
+        currentGroup = [item];
+        currentKey = key;
+      });
+      if (currentGroup.length) grouped.push(currentGroup);
+      return grouped.map((group) => buildInlineCitationChip(group)).join('');
+    });
+  }
+
+  function buildStructuredSourceCandidates(sources) {
+    const candidates = [];
+    const seen = new Set();
+    const citations = Array.isArray(sources && sources.citations) ? sources.citations : [];
+    const groups = Array.isArray(sources && sources.groups) ? sources.groups : [];
+
+    const pushCandidate = (item) => {
+      const href = String(item && item.url || '').trim();
+      if (!href || seen.has(href)) return;
+      seen.add(href);
+      const hostname = getSourceHostname(href);
+      const label = normalizeSourceText(item && item.title || '') || hostname || href;
+      const preview = normalizeSourceText(item && item.preview || '');
+      candidates.push({ href, hostname, label, preview });
+    };
+
+    citations.forEach(pushCandidate);
+    groups.forEach((group) => {
+      const results = Array.isArray(group && group.results) ? group.results : [];
+      results.forEach(pushCandidate);
+    });
+
+    return candidates;
+  }
+
+  function extractCitationTerms(value) {
+    return (String(value || '').toLowerCase().match(/[a-z0-9][a-z0-9.-]{2,}|[\u4e00-\u9fff]{2,}/g) || [])
+      .map((term) => term.trim())
+      .filter((term) => term && !/^(模型|图片|图像|生成|支持|能力|介绍|版本|官方|页面|blog)$/.test(term));
+  }
+
+  function scoreSourceForText(text, candidate) {
+    const haystack = normalizeSourceText(text || '').toLowerCase();
+    if (!haystack) return 0;
+    const terms = [
+      ...extractCitationTerms(candidate && candidate.label || ''),
+      ...extractCitationTerms(candidate && candidate.preview || '')
+    ];
+    let score = 0;
+    const seen = new Set();
+    terms.forEach((term) => {
+      if (!term || seen.has(term)) return;
+      seen.add(term);
+      if (haystack.includes(term)) {
+        score += term.length >= 6 ? 3 : 2;
+      }
+    });
+    const hostname = String(candidate && candidate.hostname || '').toLowerCase();
+    if (hostname && haystack.includes(hostname.replace(/\.[a-z]+$/, ''))) {
+      score += 2;
+    }
+    return score;
+  }
+
+  function buildStructuredInlineCitationHtml(items) {
+    const group = Array.isArray(items) ? items.filter(Boolean) : [];
+    if (!group.length) return '';
+    return buildInlineCitationChip(group);
+  }
+
+  function applyStructuredInlineCitations(root, sources) {
+    if (!root || !sources || typeof sources !== 'object') return;
+    if (root.querySelector('.inline-citation-chip')) return;
+
+    const candidates = buildStructuredSourceCandidates(sources);
+    if (!candidates.length) return;
+
+    const blocks = Array.from(root.querySelectorAll('p, li'))
+      .filter((node) => node instanceof HTMLElement)
+      .filter((node) => !node.querySelector('.inline-citation-chip'))
+      .map((node) => ({ node, text: normalizeSourceText(node.textContent || '') }))
+      .filter((item) => item.text.length >= 24);
+
+    if (!blocks.length) return;
+
+    const used = new Set();
+    blocks.forEach(({ node, text }) => {
+      let best = null;
+      let bestScore = 0;
+      candidates.forEach((candidate) => {
+        if (used.has(candidate.href)) return;
+        const score = scoreSourceForText(text, candidate);
+        if (score > bestScore) {
+          bestScore = score;
+          best = candidate;
+        }
+      });
+      if (!best || bestScore < 2) return;
+      used.add(best.href);
+      const html = buildStructuredInlineCitationHtml([best]);
+      if (html) {
+        node.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', html);
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (!used.size) {
+      const fallback = blocks[0] && blocks[0].node;
+      const html = buildStructuredInlineCitationHtml([candidates[0]]);
+      if (fallback && html) {
+        fallback.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', html);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   function renderBasicMarkdown(rawText) {
     const text = (rawText || '').replace(/\\n/g, '\n');
-    const escaped = escapeHtml(text);
+    const htmlLinks = [];
+    const normalizedText = text
+      .replace(/<\/?span\b[^>]*>/gi, '')
+      .replace(/<a\b[^>]*href=(["'])(.*?)\1[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/a>/gi, (match, quote, href, inner) => {
+        const label = String(inner || '')
+          .replace(/<[^>]+>/g, ' ')
+          .replace(/&nbsp;/gi, ' ')
+          .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+          .replace(/\u2060/g, '')
+          .trim();
+        const token = `@@HTMLLINK_${htmlLinks.length}@@`;
+        htmlLinks.push({
+          href: String(href || '').trim(),
+          label,
+          hostname: getSourceHostname(href)
+        });
+        return token;
+      });
+    const escaped = escapeHtml(normalizedText);
     const codeBlocks = [];
     const fenced = escaped.replace(/```([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)?\n([\s\S]*?)```/g, (match, lang, code) => {
       const safeLang = lang ? escapeHtml(lang) : '';
@@ -594,7 +775,10 @@
       output = output.replace(/!\[([^\]]*)\]\(([^)]+)\)/g, (match, alt, url) => {
         const safeAlt = escapeHtml(alt || 'image');
         const safeUrl = escapeHtml(url || '');
-        return `<img src="${safeUrl}" alt="${safeAlt}" loading="lazy">`;
+        const caption = safeAlt && safeAlt !== 'image'
+          ? `<figcaption class="message-image-caption">${safeAlt}</figcaption>`
+          : '';
+        return `<figure class="message-image-card"><img src="${safeUrl}" alt="${safeAlt}" loading="lazy">${caption}</figure>`;
       });
 
       output = output.replace(/\[([^\]]+)\]\(([^)]+)\)/g, (match, label, url) => {
@@ -603,6 +787,8 @@
         return `<a href="${safeUrl}" target="_blank" rel="noopener">${safeLabel}</a>`;
       });
 
+      output = renderInlineCitationTokens(output, htmlLinks);
+
       return output;
     };
 
@@ -955,6 +1141,7 @@
       contentNode,
       role,
       raw: content || '',
+      sources: null,
       committed: false,
       startedAt: Date.now(),
       firstTokenAt: null,
@@ -1025,6 +1212,9 @@
       if (node.tagName === 'IMG') {
         return { items: [node], removeNode: null };
       }
+      if (node.tagName === 'FIGURE' && node.classList.contains('message-image-card')) {
+        return { items: [node], removeNode: null };
+      }
       if (isImageLink(node)) {
         return { items: [node], removeNode: null };
       }
@@ -1038,7 +1228,11 @@
             return null;
           }
           if (child.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
-            if (child.tagName === 'IMG' || isImageLink(child)) {
+            if (
+              child.tagName === 'IMG' ||
+              isImageLink(child) ||
+              (child.tagName === 'FIGURE' && child.classList.contains('message-image-card'))
+            ) {
               items.push(child);
               continue;
             }
@@ -1254,6 +1448,9 @@
       updateThinkSummary(entry, entry.thinkElapsed);
     }
     if (entry.role === 'assistant' || entry.role === 'user') {
+      if (entry.role === 'assistant') {
+        applyStructuredInlineCitations(entry.contentNode, entry.sources);
+      }
       liftThinkImages(entry.contentNode);
       applyImageGrid(entry.contentNode);
       enhanceBrokenImages(entry.contentNode);
@@ -1329,6 +1526,285 @@
     });
   }
 
+  function normalizeSourceText(value) {
+    return String(value || '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+  }
+
+  function getSourceHostname(url) {
+    try {
+      return new URL(url).hostname.replace(/^www\./i, '');
+    } catch (e) {
+      return '';
+    }
+  }
+
+  function getSourceFavicon(hostname) {
+    if (!hostname) return '';
+    return `https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=${encodeURIComponent(hostname)}&sz=256`;
+  }
+
+  function cleanExtractedUrl(url) {
+    return String(url || '').trim().replace(/[),.;]+$/g, '');
+  }
+
+  function extractUrlsFromText(text) {
+    const raw = String(text || '');
+    const matches = raw.match(/https?:\/\/[^\s"'<>]+/g) || [];
+    return matches.map(cleanExtractedUrl).filter((url) => /^https?:\/\//i.test(url));
+  }
+
+  function extractAssistantSources(root) {
+    if (!root || !root.querySelectorAll) {
+      return { links: [], searches: [] };
+    }
+    const rows = Array.from(root.querySelectorAll('.think-item-row'));
+    const links = [];
+    const searches = [];
+    const seenLinks = new Set();
+    const seenSearches = new Set();
+
+    const pushLink = (item) => {
+      const url = String(item && item.url || '').trim();
+      if (!url || seenLinks.has(url)) return;
+      seenLinks.add(url);
+      links.push(item);
+    };
+
+    const pushSearch = (item) => {
+      const label = String(item && item.label || '').trim();
+      if (!label || seenSearches.has(label)) return;
+      seenSearches.add(label);
+      searches.push(item);
+    };
+
+    rows.forEach((row) => {
+      const typeNode = row.querySelector('.think-item-type');
+      const bodyNode = row.querySelector('.think-item-body');
+      const type = String(typeNode && typeNode.dataset && typeNode.dataset.type || '').trim().toLowerCase();
+      if (!bodyNode || !type) return;
+
+      if (type === 'websearch' || type === 'searchimage') {
+        const firstParagraph = bodyNode.querySelector('p');
+        const queryText = normalizeSourceText(firstParagraph ? firstParagraph.textContent : bodyNode.textContent || '');
+        const compactQuery = queryText.split(/\s{2,}|\n/)[0].slice(0, 140).trim();
+        if (compactQuery) {
+          pushSearch({
+            type: 'search',
+            label: compactQuery,
+            meta: type === 'searchimage' ? '已搜索图片' : '已搜索的网络'
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      const links = Array.from(bodyNode.querySelectorAll('a[href]'));
+      links.forEach((link) => {
+        const url = String(link.getAttribute('href') || '').trim();
+        if (!/^https?:\/\//i.test(url)) return;
+        const hostname = getSourceHostname(url);
+        pushLink({
+          type: 'visit',
+          label: hostname || url,
+          meta: '已浏览',
+          url,
+          hostname
+        });
+      });
+
+      extractUrlsFromText(bodyNode.textContent || '').forEach((url) => {
+        const hostname = getSourceHostname(url);
+        pushLink({
+          type: 'visit',
+          label: hostname || url,
+          meta: '已浏览',
+          url,
+          hostname
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    return { links, searches };
+  }
+
+  function createSourcesWidget(entry) {
+    const structured = entry && entry.sources && typeof entry.sources === 'object' ? entry.sources : null;
+    const groups = Array.isArray(structured && structured.groups) ? structured.groups : [];
+    const citations = Array.isArray(structured && structured.citations) ? structured.citations : [];
+    const data = (!groups.length && !citations.length)
+      ? extractAssistantSources(entry && entry.contentNode)
+      : { links: [], searches: [] };
+    const sources = Array.isArray(data && data.links) ? data.links.slice() : [];
+    const searches = Array.isArray(data && data.searches) ? data.searches.slice() : [];
+    const seenLinks = new Set(sources.map((item) => String(item && item.url || '').trim()).filter(Boolean));
+
+    citations.forEach((item) => {
+      const url = String(item && item.url || '').trim();
+      if (!url || seenLinks.has(url)) return;
+      const hostname = getSourceHostname(url);
+      seenLinks.add(url);
+      sources.unshift({
+        type: 'citation',
+        label: hostname || url,
+        meta: '引用来源',
+        url,
+        hostname
+      });
+    });
+
+    groups.forEach((group) => {
+      const query = normalizeSourceText(group && group.query || '');
+      if (query) {
+        searches.push({
+          type: 'search',
+          label: query,
+          meta: group.kind === 'search_images' ? '图片搜索' : '网络搜索'
+        });
+      }
+      const results = Array.isArray(group && group.results) ? group.results : [];
+      results.forEach((item) => {
+        const url = String(item && item.url || '').trim();
+        if (!url || seenLinks.has(url)) return;
+        const hostname = getSourceHostname(url);
+        seenLinks.add(url);
+        sources.push({
+          type: 'visit',
+          label: normalizeSourceText(item && item.title || '') || hostname || url,
+          meta: hostname || '搜索结果',
+          url,
+          hostname
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    if (!sources.length && !searches.length) return null;
+
+    const wrapper = document.createElement('details');
+    wrapper.className = 'sources-widget';
+
+    const summary = document.createElement('summary');
+    summary.className = 'sources-chip';
+    const summaryCount = sources.length || searches.length;
+    const summaryLabel = sources.length ? `${summaryCount} sources` : `${summaryCount} searches`;
+    summary.setAttribute('aria-label', summaryLabel);
+
+    const iconStack = document.createElement('div');
+    iconStack.className = 'sources-icons';
+    const faviconHosts = [];
+    sources.forEach((item) => {
+      if (item.hostname && !faviconHosts.includes(item.hostname)) {
+        faviconHosts.push(item.hostname);
+      }
+    });
+    faviconHosts.slice(0, 3).forEach((hostname, index) => {
+      const badge = document.createElement('div');
+      badge.className = 'sources-icon-badge';
+      badge.style.zIndex = String(3 - index);
+      const img = document.createElement('img');
+      img.src = getSourceFavicon(hostname);
+      img.alt = '';
+      img.setAttribute('role', 'presentation');
+      badge.appendChild(img);
+      iconStack.appendChild(badge);
+    });
+    if (!iconStack.childNodes.length) {
+      const fallback = document.createElement('div');
+      fallback.className = 'sources-icon-fallback';
+      fallback.textContent = 'S';
+      iconStack.appendChild(fallback);
+    }
+    summary.appendChild(iconStack);
+
+    const label = document.createElement('div');
+    label.className = 'sources-chip-label';
+    label.textContent = summaryLabel;
+    summary.appendChild(label);
+
+    const panel = document.createElement('div');
+    panel.className = 'sources-panel';
+
+    if (sources.length) {
+      const title = document.createElement('div');
+      title.className = 'sources-section-title';
+      title.textContent = '可验证来源';
+      panel.appendChild(title);
+    }
+
+    sources.forEach((item) => {
+      const row = document.createElement(item.url ? 'a' : 'div');
+      row.className = 'source-row';
+      if (item.url) {
+        row.href = item.url;
+        row.target = '_blank';
+        row.rel = 'noopener noreferrer nofollow';
+      }
+
+      const icon = document.createElement('div');
+      icon.className = 'source-row-icon';
+      if (item.hostname) {
+        const img = document.createElement('img');
+        img.src = getSourceFavicon(item.hostname);
+        img.alt = '';
+        img.setAttribute('role', 'presentation');
+        icon.appendChild(img);
+      } else {
+        icon.textContent = item.type === 'search' ? 'Q' : 'L';
+      }
+
+      const textWrap = document.createElement('div');
+      textWrap.className = 'source-row-text';
+
+      const meta = document.createElement('span');
+      meta.className = 'source-row-meta';
+      meta.textContent = item.meta || '来源';
+
+      const title = document.createElement('span');
+      title.className = 'source-row-title';
+      title.textContent = item.label || item.url || '';
+
+      textWrap.appendChild(meta);
+      textWrap.appendChild(title);
+      row.appendChild(icon);
+      row.appendChild(textWrap);
+      panel.appendChild(row);
+    });
+
+    if (searches.length) {
+      const title = document.createElement('div');
+      title.className = 'sources-section-title';
+      title.textContent = '搜索轨迹';
+      panel.appendChild(title);
+    }
+
+    searches.forEach((item) => {
+      const row = document.createElement('div');
+      row.className = 'source-row is-query';
+
+      const icon = document.createElement('div');
+      icon.className = 'source-row-icon';
+      icon.textContent = 'Q';
+
+      const textWrap = document.createElement('div');
+      textWrap.className = 'source-row-text';
+
+      const meta = document.createElement('span');
+      meta.className = 'source-row-meta';
+      meta.textContent = item.meta || '搜索轨迹';
+
+      const title = document.createElement('span');
+      title.className = 'source-row-title';
+      title.textContent = item.label || '';
+
+      textWrap.appendChild(meta);
+      textWrap.appendChild(title);
+      row.appendChild(icon);
+      row.appendChild(textWrap);
+      panel.appendChild(row);
+    });
+
+    wrapper.appendChild(summary);
+    wrapper.appendChild(panel);
+    return wrapper;
+  }
+
   function clearChat() {
     messageHistory = [];
     if (chatLog) {
@@ -1696,8 +2172,11 @@
 
   function attachAssistantActions(entry) {
     if (!entry || !entry.row) return;
+    const existing = entry.row.querySelector('.message-actions');
+    if (existing) existing.remove();
     const actions = document.createElement('div');
     actions.className = 'message-actions';
+    const sourcesWidget = createSourcesWidget(entry);
 
     const retryBtn = createActionButton('重试', '重试上一条回答', () => retryLast());
     const copyBtn = createActionButton('复制', '复制回答内容', () => copyToClipboard(entry.raw || ''));
@@ -1705,6 +2184,7 @@
       window.open(feedbackUrl, '_blank', 'noopener');
     });
 
+    if (sourcesWidget) actions.appendChild(sourcesWidget);
     actions.appendChild(retryBtn);
     actions.appendChild(copyBtn);
     actions.appendChild(feedbackBtn);
@@ -1788,9 +2268,9 @@
         if (!assistantEntry.committed) {
           assistantEntry.committed = true;
           if (retrySessionId) {
-            commitToSession(retrySessionId, assistantEntry.raw || '');
+            commitToSession(retrySessionId, assistantEntry.raw || '', assistantEntry.sources);
           } else {
-            messageHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: assistantEntry.raw || '' });
+            messageHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: assistantEntry.raw || '', sources: assistantEntry.sources || null });
           }
         }
         setStatus('error', '已中止');
@@ -1883,9 +2363,9 @@
         if (!assistantEntry.committed) {
           assistantEntry.committed = true;
           if (sendSessionId) {
-            commitToSession(sendSessionId, assistantEntry.raw || '');
+            commitToSession(sendSessionId, assistantEntry.raw || '', assistantEntry.sources);
           } else {
-            messageHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: assistantEntry.raw || '' });
+            messageHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: assistantEntry.raw || '', sources: assistantEntry.sources || null });
           }
         }
       } else {
@@ -1900,11 +2380,15 @@
     }
   }
 
-  function commitToSession(sessionId, assistantText) {
+  function commitToSession(sessionId, assistantText, assistantSources = null) {
     if (!sessionId || !sessionsData) return;
     const session = sessionsData.sessions.find((s) => s.id === sessionId);
     if (!session) return;
-    session.messages.push({ role: 'assistant', content: assistantText });
+    session.messages.push({
+      role: 'assistant',
+      content: assistantText,
+      sources: assistantSources || null
+    });
     if (session.messages.length > MAX_CONTEXT_MESSAGES) {
       session.messages = session.messages.slice(-MAX_CONTEXT_MESSAGES);
     }
@@ -1948,14 +2432,23 @@
             }
             assistantEntry.committed = true;
             if (targetSessionId) {
-              commitToSession(targetSessionId, assistantText);
+              commitToSession(targetSessionId, assistantText, assistantEntry.sources);
             } else {
-              messageHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: assistantText });
+              messageHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: assistantText, sources: assistantEntry.sources || null });
             }
             return;
           }
           try {
             const json = JSON.parse(payload);
+            if (json && json.sources && typeof json.sources === 'object') {
+              assistantEntry.sources = json.sources;
+              if (assistantEntry.contentNode) {
+                applyStructuredInlineCitations(assistantEntry.contentNode, assistantEntry.sources);
+              }
+              if (assistantEntry.row && assistantEntry.row.querySelector('.message-actions')) {
+                attachAssistantActions(assistantEntry);
+              }
+            }
             const delta = json && json.choices && json.choices[0] && json.choices[0].delta
               ? json.choices[0].delta.content
               : '';
@@ -1986,9 +2479,9 @@
     }
     assistantEntry.committed = true;
     if (targetSessionId) {
-      commitToSession(targetSessionId, assistantText);
+      commitToSession(targetSessionId, assistantText, assistantEntry.sources);
     } else {
-      messageHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: assistantText });
+      messageHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: assistantText, sources: assistantEntry.sources || null });
     }
     } finally {
       activeStreamInfo = null;