From c4476d5658533cbd9ec6b2bb65fd59f5c6ae69c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yetone <yetoneful@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2026 09:14:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] library: skills from GitHub are checked as the skills page
 opens, and one changed here is marked and asked about before an update
 replaces it (#1449)

YangZhiqiang98 asked (#1449) that the Library find which skills have
updates and update them. magpie already checked skills from GitHub (a
market install among them) by hand and could update them, but an update
deleted the library's folder, so a skill the user had changed (by hand,
through an agent's link, or in an agent's copy not yet taken in) was lost
without a word, and nothing checked unless the user pressed Check.

- A skill is "changed here" when its library folder no longer hashes to
  what was fetched (Finder's .DS_Store aside), or an agent's copy was
  edited since its mark and not yet taken in (editState, skill_changed.go).
  The view says so (SkillView.edited) and the row shows "Changed here".
- UpdateSkill refuses such a skill with *EditedError unless told to
  replace it. The row's Update asks in the page first (Keep mine / Update;
  Update sends replace). Update N, the group's Update N and the CLI's
  update-all leave it as it is and say so. The CLI takes
  `magpie library skill update <name> --replace-edits`.
- The version an update replaces is moved to the backups when it was
  changed, or when it can't be told (a skill with no hash from before).
- View.checkDue: no check since magpie started, or none for 12 hours. The
  page then runs the check once by itself as the skills open, and says
  only what there is to update or add.

Not checked, by design: skills the skills CLI manages (`npx skills
update` updates them; magpie only groups them), linked local folders,
skills imported from an agent with no source, and From-only skills have
no remote; CC Switch-installed skills can still be updated by hand.

Verified:
- go test -tags nogui ./... (sandbox HOME); new TestUpdateKeepsASkillChangedHere,
  TestUpdateKeepsACopyEditedInAnAgent, TestUpdateKeepsWhatItCantTell,
  TestCheckDue, TestCheckSkillsMarksItDone, all from httptest. With
  editState forced to "not changed" the first three fail.
- gofmt -l, go vet, GOOS=linux and GOOS=windows go vet -tags nogui on
  ./internal/library ./internal/gui ./internal/tui .
- GUI: new skill-update-edited.test.cjs (Chromium and WebKit, 860 and
  400px, en and zh; no scroll on click; fails with the row's ask removed),
  plus the 22 other library skill tests, gui-ja, gui-de, gui-zh-tw,
  i18n-keys and click-scroll: 262 pass.
- Real use in a sandbox HOME with github.com/anthropics/skills: installed
  pdf and docx, the real check said both current; an edit through Claude
  Code's link was refused by `skill update pdf`, skipped by `skill update`
  (docx updated), replaced by `--replace-edits` with the edit in
  backups/<time>/library/skills/pdf; docx edited later shows edited, a
  .DS_Store doesn't.
---
 docs/subsystems/library.md                    |   6 +-
 internal/gui/assets/i18n.js                   |  32 +++
 internal/gui/assets/library.js                |  65 ++++-
 internal/gui/library.go                       |   5 +-
 .../gui/tests/skill-update-edited.test.cjs    | 146 +++++++++++
 internal/library/ccswitch_test.go             |   6 +-
 internal/library/library_test.go              |   2 +-
 internal/library/projects_test.go             |   2 +-
 internal/library/skill_changed.go             | 113 +++++++++
 internal/library/skill_changed_test.go        | 226 ++++++++++++++++++
 internal/library/skillcheck.go                |  28 ++-
 internal/library/skills.go                    |  49 +++-
 internal/library/skills_copy_test.go          |   2 +-
 internal/library/sync.go                      |  10 +
 internal/tui/library.go                       |   2 +-
 library_cli.go                                |  11 +-
 16 files changed, 677 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 internal/gui/tests/skill-update-edited.test.cjs
 create mode 100644 internal/library/skill_changed.go
 create mode 100644 internal/library/skill_changed_test.go

diff --git a/docs/subsystems/library.md b/docs/subsystems/library.md
index e559bc6c..f038b092 100644
--- a/docs/subsystems/library.md
+++ b/docs/subsystems/library.md
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ agents RTK, a CLI that cuts shell output down before the model reads it.
 | Skills | A skill is a folder with a `SKILL.md`. It comes from GitHub, from a folder on this machine (linked, so editing the folder edits the skill) or from the market. Each agent gets a link or a marked copy (#896, `SkillHow`). An agent in a WSL distro always gets a copy. A copy's mark keeps the hash of what was copied, so a sync knows a copy unchanged since then is current without reading its files (`copyIsFresh`, #1031); other copies are hashed. A skill an agent has of its own (`foundSkills`, the page's "In your agents") is brought in with `ImportSkill`, or taken out of every agent that has it with `RemoveFoundSkill` (#1303): its folders and copies of the very same files, its shared `~/.agents/skills` entry and a folder of it in the library's own folder go to the backups, its links are taken away, and a folder elsewhere it only links to, or another skill by that name, stays. | [`skills.go`](../../internal/library/skills.go), [`skill_how.go`](../../internal/library/skill_how.go), [`skill_edits.go`](../../internal/library/skill_edits.go), [`skill_from.go`](../../internal/library/skill_from.go) |
 | Skills market | `MarketSkills` lists skills.sh's most installed and what its search finds. magpie's own skills (`featuredSkills`) go first, marked official: `magpie-quota`, in [magpie-community/plugins](https://github.com/magpie-community/plugins/tree/main/skills/magpie-quota), lets an agent read `magpie quota --json` and wait with `magpie quota wait`. Until skills.sh lists one it has no count of installs and no skills.sh link (`featured`). `InstallMarketSkill` installs any of them from its repository. | [`market.go`](../../internal/library/market.go) |
 | Skills a repository added | A check for updates (`CheckSkills`) also asks, for each GitHub repository and ref the library has skills from, GitHub's list of its files (`repoTree`, one API request, free when the ETag still matches). Only when that list has a skill folder beside the installed ones (under `newBase`, their deepest common folder) that the library doesn't have and hasn't offered does `findNew` fetch the repository for the skills' names and descriptions. `SeenSkills` records per `repo@ref` the paths the install picker showed and the ones set aside, so they aren't offered again. The finds live in memory (`newFound`) and reach the page as `View.NewSkills`; `AddNewSkills` gives each to the agents that have its repository's other skills, and `IgnoreNewSkills` sets it aside (`/api/library/skills/{add-new,ignore-new}`). | [`skillnew.go`](../../internal/library/skillnew.go), [`skillcheck.go`](../../internal/library/skillcheck.go) |
+| Skill updates | A skill from GitHub (`kind: github`, a market install among them) keeps the commit it was fetched at and `Hash`, the hash of its files as fetched. `CheckSkills` asks GitHub for each one's last commit and keeps the result in memory; `View.CheckDue` says none was checked since magpie started, or not for `checkEvery` (12 hours), and the page then checks by itself as the skills open (#1449). `editState` says a skill was changed here when the library's folder no longer hashes to `Hash` (`.DS_Store` aside), or an agent's copy was edited since its mark and not yet taken in; the view's `edited` says so. `UpdateSkill` refuses such a skill with `*EditedError` unless told to replace it (the page's own Update asks first; the CLI takes `--replace-edits`), and `UpdateSkills`/`UpdateSomeSkills` leave it as it is, in `Unupdated`. A replaced version that was changed, or that can't be told (no `Hash`), is moved to the backups (`keepReplaced`). Skills the skills CLI manages (`npx skills`, `~/.agents/.skill-lock.json`) are only grouped: the CLI updates them (`npx skills update`). A linked folder, a skill imported from an agent and a `From`-only skill have no remote to check; one CC Switch installed (`Origin`) can be updated by hand but isn't checked. | [`skill_changed.go`](../../internal/library/skill_changed.go), [`skillcheck.go`](../../internal/library/skillcheck.go), [`skills.go`](../../internal/library/skills.go) |
 | Backups | Before a change first writes an agent file, `backups` copies it to `BackupDir`, one folder per change. The last `keepBackups` (30) changes are kept. | [`backup.go`](../../internal/library/backup.go) |
 | RTK | `SetRTK` runs rtk's own installer (`rtk init -g …`) for an agent being switched on. For one being switched off, it removes exactly what the installer wrote, using magpie's own code, which works even with rtk gone. `ReadRTK` reads each agent's files to say which have the hook. `rtkSpec.blocked` stops the installer where it would break an agent. A detected agent RTK has no hook for at all is still listed, from `rtkNoHook`, with the reason and a switch that can't be turned on (dsh: its hooks can allow or deny a command but not rewrite it, and `rtk init` has no `--agent dsh`). | [`rtk.go`](../../internal/library/rtk.go) |
 
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ agents RTK, a CLI that cuts shell output down before the model reads it.
 
 - magpie takes away only what `Applied` or its mark says it wrote. A folder of the user's with a skill's name is never touched. The user's own fields in an MCP entry are kept.
 - An edit never silently loses. When an agent's copy of a skill and the library both changed, the newest edit wins, and the losing one is kept with the backups.
+- An update from GitHub never silently replaces a skill changed here. It is refused, or skipped in an update of several, until the user says to replace it, and the version replaced goes to the backups.
 - A failure for one agent is a `Problem` in the result. It doesn't stop the others.
 - A server an agent can't reach is not written there, and `mcpFile.supports` says why. For example, Claude Desktop takes no remote server, and Codex, Goose, dsh, Grok, Command Code and Zed take no SSE.
 - A server's headers (remote) or environment (command) can name a variable as `${NAME}` (#1250). `library.json` keeps the placeholder, and `refsOf` gives each MCP format the agent's own syntax, with the agent's source cited beside it: `${NAME}` for most, `{env:NAME}` for OpenCode and MiMo, `${env:NAME}` for Cursor, and Codex's own keys (`bearer_token_env_var`, `env_http_headers`, `env_vars`). Goose gets `${NAME}` plus `env_keys`. dsh (DeepSeek Harness) gets a `!!js` expression it evaluates as it loads the server (#1435): a whole `${NAME}` is `!!js process.env.NAME`, and a value mixing text and variables is the text as JSON string literals joined with `(process.env.NAME ?? "")`, so the user's text is never run as code and an unset variable inside it is empty. A whole variable that isn't set makes dsh leave the server out as invalid. magpie reads only those forms back as `${NAME}`; any other `!!js` keeps the entry the user's. An agent with no syntax (Claude Desktop, Antigravity, Kimi, Cline, ZCode, Zed, Devin, Alma, Pi with pi-mcp-extension) is never written the value: `refsProblem` makes `supports` refuse the server, a magpie entry already there is taken out, and `AgentView.NoEnvRefs` greys its chip with the reason. Codex and Goose's extra keys are magpie's only while the server names a variable there (`refKeys`), so the user's own `env_vars` or `env_keys` are kept. `CheckServers` expands the variable from magpie's own environment, and one that isn't set is `novar`, naming it.
@@ -49,9 +51,9 @@ agents RTK, a CLI that cuts shell output down before the model reads it.
 ## Verification
 
 ```sh
-go test -tags nogui ./internal/library -run 'TestCheckSkillsFindsNewOnes|TestNewBase|TestTargets|TestServer|TestImportServer|TestCheck|TestInstructions|TestInstructionSets|TestSkill|TestRemoveFoundSkill|TestInstallSet|TestInstallLists|TestEverySkillAgents|TestEveryServerAgents|TestSomeServersAgents|TestRemoveServers|TestRTK|TestEnvRefs|TestDshRefRoundTrip|TestDshImportKeepsJS|TestAgentMCPFiles|TestCodeBuddyMCPFile|TestZedMCP|TestOwnServerFromElsewhereRunsThisMagpie|TestUsersOwnServerStaysAsItIs|TestCarriedOwnServerIsEachComputersMagpie'
+go test -tags nogui ./internal/library -run 'TestCheckSkillsFindsNewOnes|TestNewBase|TestUpdateKeeps|TestCheckDue|TestCheckSkillsMarksItDone|TestTargets|TestServer|TestImportServer|TestCheck|TestInstructions|TestInstructionSets|TestSkill|TestRemoveFoundSkill|TestInstallSet|TestInstallLists|TestEverySkillAgents|TestEveryServerAgents|TestSomeServersAgents|TestRemoveServers|TestRTK|TestEnvRefs|TestDshRefRoundTrip|TestDshImportKeepsJS|TestAgentMCPFiles|TestCodeBuddyMCPFile|TestZedMCP|TestOwnServerFromElsewhereRunsThisMagpie|TestUsersOwnServerStaysAsItIs|TestCarriedOwnServerIsEachComputersMagpie'
 go test -tags nogui ./internal/library
-node --test internal/gui/tests/library-items.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-rtk-gain.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-rtk-nohook.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-servers-bulk.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-env-refs.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-zed-mcp.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-workbuddy-trust.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/skill-new-in-repo.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/remove-found-skill.test.cjs
+node --test internal/gui/tests/library-items.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-rtk-gain.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-rtk-nohook.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-servers-bulk.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-env-refs.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-zed-mcp.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/library-workbuddy-trust.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/skill-new-in-repo.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/skill-update-edited.test.cjs internal/gui/tests/remove-found-skill.test.cjs
 ```
 
 The package's `TestMain` runs in a home of its own (`testenv`), never the
diff --git a/internal/gui/assets/i18n.js b/internal/gui/assets/i18n.js
index e556ac13..297f07c0 100644
--- a/internal/gui/assets/i18n.js
+++ b/internal/gui/assets/i18n.js
@@ -3687,6 +3687,14 @@ const I18N = {
     "Changed on GitHub since it was installed": "安装后 GitHub 上已有改动",
     "Not checked": "未能检查",
     "Up to date with GitHub": "与 GitHub 一致",
+    "Changed here": "本地已改动",
+    "You changed it since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating asks before it replaces your changes.": "从 GitHub 获取后你在本地改动过它。更新前会先询问，不会直接覆盖你的改动。",
+    "Changed here: asks before it replaces your changes": "本地已改动：更新前会先询问，不会直接覆盖",
+    "Replace your changes to {name}?": "用 GitHub 的版本替换你对 {name} 的改动？",
+    "You changed {name} here since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating puts GitHub's version in its place. Yours is kept in magpie's backups (Backups, at the foot of the Library).": "从 GitHub 获取 {name} 后你在本地改动过它。更新会用 GitHub 的版本替换它，你的版本会保存在 magpie 的备份里（资源库底部的「备份」）。",
+    "Keep mine": "保留我的",
+    "{name} is up to date; your version is in the backups": "{name} 已是最新，你的版本已存入备份",
+    "Kept as you changed them: {names}. Update each from its row to replace your changes.": "已保留你改动过的：{names}。如要用 GitHub 的版本替换，请在各自的行里单独更新。",
     "Update from GitHub ({repo}, as CC Switch installed it)": "从 GitHub 更新（{repo}，CC Switch 安装时的来源）",
     "Read {name}'s SKILL.md": "查看 {name} 的 SKILL.md",
     "Remove {name}?": "移除 {name}？",
@@ -7559,6 +7567,14 @@ const I18N = {
     "Changed on GitHub since it was installed": "安裝後 GitHub 上已有改動",
     "Not checked": "未能檢查",
     "Up to date with GitHub": "與 GitHub 一致",
+    "Changed here": "本機已改動",
+    "You changed it since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating asks before it replaces your changes.": "從 GitHub 取得後你在本機改動過它。更新前會先詢問，不會直接覆蓋你的改動。",
+    "Changed here: asks before it replaces your changes": "本機已改動：更新前會先詢問，不會直接覆蓋",
+    "Replace your changes to {name}?": "用 GitHub 的版本取代你對 {name} 的改動？",
+    "You changed {name} here since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating puts GitHub's version in its place. Yours is kept in magpie's backups (Backups, at the foot of the Library).": "從 GitHub 取得 {name} 後你在本機改動過它。更新會用 GitHub 的版本取代它，你的版本會保存在 magpie 的備份裡（資源庫底部的「備份」）。",
+    "Keep mine": "保留我的",
+    "{name} is up to date; your version is in the backups": "{name} 已是最新，你的版本已存入備份",
+    "Kept as you changed them: {names}. Update each from its row to replace your changes.": "已保留你改動過的：{names}。如要用 GitHub 的版本取代，請在各自的列中單獨更新。",
     "Update from GitHub ({repo}, as CC Switch installed it)": "從 GitHub 更新（{repo}，CC Switch 安裝時的來源）",
     "Read {name}'s SKILL.md": "檢視 {name} 的 SKILL.md",
     "Remove {name}?": "移除 {name}？",
@@ -11417,6 +11433,14 @@ const I18N = {
     "Changed on GitHub since it was installed": "インストール後に GitHub で変更されています",
     "Not checked": "未確認",
     "Up to date with GitHub": "GitHub と同じ",
+    "Changed here": "ローカルで変更済み",
+    "You changed it since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating asks before it replaces your changes.": "GitHub から取得した後、ここで変更されています。更新は変更を置き換える前に確認します。",
+    "Changed here: asks before it replaces your changes": "ローカルで変更済み：変更を置き換える前に確認します",
+    "Replace your changes to {name}?": "{name} への変更を GitHub の版で置き換えますか？",
+    "You changed {name} here since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating puts GitHub's version in its place. Yours is kept in magpie's backups (Backups, at the foot of the Library).": "{name} は GitHub から取得した後、ここで変更されています。更新すると GitHub の版に置き換わります。あなたの版は magpie のバックアップ（ライブラリ下部の「バックアップ」）に残ります。",
+    "Keep mine": "自分の版を残す",
+    "{name} is up to date; your version is in the backups": "{name} は最新です。あなたの版はバックアップにあります",
+    "Kept as you changed them: {names}. Update each from its row to replace your changes.": "変更済みのため残しました：{names}。変更を置き換えるには、それぞれの行から更新してください。",
     "Update from GitHub ({repo}, as CC Switch installed it)": "GitHub からアップデート（{repo}、CC Switch がインストールした取得元）",
     "Read {name}'s SKILL.md": "{name} の SKILL.md を読む",
     "Remove {name}?": "{name} を削除しますか？",
@@ -15295,6 +15319,14 @@ const I18N = {
     "Changed on GitHub since it was installed": "Seit der Installation auf GitHub geändert",
     "Not checked": "Nicht geprüft",
     "Up to date with GitHub": "Auf dem Stand von GitHub",
+    "Changed here": "Hier geändert",
+    "You changed it since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating asks before it replaces your changes.": "Du hast ihn geändert, seit er von GitHub geholt wurde. Ein Update fragt, bevor es deine Änderungen ersetzt.",
+    "Changed here: asks before it replaces your changes": "Hier geändert: fragt, bevor es deine Änderungen ersetzt",
+    "Replace your changes to {name}?": "Deine Änderungen an {name} ersetzen?",
+    "You changed {name} here since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating puts GitHub's version in its place. Yours is kept in magpie's backups (Backups, at the foot of the Library).": "Du hast {name} hier geändert, seit er von GitHub geholt wurde. Das Update setzt die Version von GitHub an seine Stelle. Deine bleibt in den Backups von magpie (Backups, unten in der Bibliothek).",
+    "Keep mine": "Meine behalten",
+    "{name} is up to date; your version is in the backups": "{name} ist aktuell; deine Version liegt in den Backups",
+    "Kept as you changed them: {names}. Update each from its row to replace your changes.": "Behalten, wie du sie geändert hast: {names}. Aktualisiere jeden in seiner Zeile, um deine Änderungen zu ersetzen.",
     "Update from GitHub ({repo}, as CC Switch installed it)": "Von GitHub aktualisieren ({repo}, wie CC Switch es installiert hat)",
     "Read {name}'s SKILL.md": "SKILL.md von {name} lesen",
     "Remove {name}?": "{name} entfernen?",
diff --git a/internal/gui/assets/library.js b/internal/gui/assets/library.js
index 452ba8a6..f36cbd8c 100644
--- a/internal/gui/assets/library.js
+++ b/internal/gui/assets/library.js
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
   let probe = null;      // skills found at a source: { source, candidates, pick:Set, agents:Set }
   let probing = false;
   let checking = false;  // asking GitHub which skills it has changed
+  let autoChecked = false; // the page checked by itself, as the server said it was due (#1449)
   let modal = null;      // what the library has open in the dialog
 
   const GLYPH = {
@@ -1796,7 +1797,14 @@
         if (checking) c.classList.add("busy");
         rh.append(c);
       }
-      const stale = lib.skills.filter((s) => s.check?.status === "update");
+      // not checked since magpie started, or not for a while: the page
+      // checks by itself, once, after it is drawn (#1449)
+      if (lib.checkDue && !checking && !autoChecked) {
+        autoChecked = true;
+        setTimeout(() => checkSkills(true), 0);
+      }
+      // one changed here is updated from its own row, which asks first
+      const stale = lib.skills.filter((s) => s.check?.status === "update" && !s.edited);
       if (stale.length) {
         const n = stale.length;
         const u = button(t("Update {n}", { n }), "action lib-updall", async (e, b) => {
@@ -2199,7 +2207,8 @@
     who.append(el("div", "sub", filtering && hits.length !== n ? t("{n} of {total} skills", { n: hits.length, total: n })
       : n === 1 ? t("1 skill") : t("{n} skills", { n })));
     const tags = el("div", "lib-tags");
-    const stale = g.skills.filter((s) => s.check?.status === "update");
+    // one changed here is updated from its own row, which asks first (#1449)
+    const stale = g.skills.filter((s) => s.check?.status === "update" && !s.edited);
     if (stale.length) {
       const u = button(t("Update {n}", { n: stale.length }), "action lib-updall", async (e, b) => {
         b.classList.add("busy");
@@ -2917,9 +2926,19 @@
       take(v);
       const res = v.result || {};
       const up = res.updated?.length || 0, no = res.unupdated || [];
+      // one changed here is left as it is (#1449): said apart from those
+      // that couldn't be fetched
+      const isEdited = (p) => lib.skills.some((s) => s.edited && "skill:" + s.name === p.what);
+      const kept = no.filter(isEdited).map((p) => p.what.replace(/^skill:/, "")), failed = no.filter((p) => !isEdited(p));
       if (no.length) {
-        const p = no[0];
-        status(t("{name} wasn't updated: {error}", { name: p.what.replace(/^skill:/, ""), error: p.error }) + (no.length > 1 ? " " + t("(and {n} more)", { n: no.length - 1 }) : "") + (up ? " · " + t("{n} up to date", { n: up }) : ""), "warn", 8000);
+        const parts = [];
+        if (failed.length) {
+          const p = failed[0];
+          parts.push(t("{name} wasn't updated: {error}", { name: p.what.replace(/^skill:/, ""), error: p.error }) + (failed.length > 1 ? " " + t("(and {n} more)", { n: failed.length - 1 }) : ""));
+        }
+        if (kept.length) parts.push(t("Kept as you changed them: {names}. Update each from its row to replace your changes.", { names: kept.join(", ") }));
+        if (up) parts.push(t("{n} up to date", { n: up }));
+        status(parts.join(" · "), "warn", 10000);
       } else report(res, t("{n} skills up to date", { n: up }));
       render();
     } catch (e) {
@@ -3226,7 +3245,9 @@
 
   // Which skills GitHub changed since they were installed: each row says,
   // and the heading offers to update just those.
-  async function checkSkills() {
+  // quiet is the page's own check as it opens the skills: it says only
+  // what there is to update or add, and nothing when there is nothing.
+  async function checkSkills(quiet) {
     if (checking) return;
     checking = true;
     render();
@@ -3238,12 +3259,17 @@
       let msg = n ? (n === 1 ? t("1 skill has an update") : t("{n} skills have updates", { n })) : t("Every skill is up to date");
       const more = lib.newSkills?.length || 0;
       if (more) msg += " · " + (more === 1 ? t("1 more skill in their repositories") : t("{n} more skills in their repositories", { n: more }));
-      if (unknown.length) {
+      if (quiet) {
+        const said = [];
+        if (n) said.push(n === 1 ? t("1 skill has an update") : t("{n} skills have updates", { n }));
+        if (more) said.push(more === 1 ? t("1 more skill in their repositories") : t("{n} more skills in their repositories", { n: more }));
+        if (said.length) status(said.join(" · "), "ok");
+      } else if (unknown.length) {
         msg += " · " + t("{n} couldn't be checked: {error}", { n: unknown.length, error: checkError(unknown[0].check) });
         status(msg, "warn", 8000);
       } else status(msg, "ok");
     } catch (e) {
-      status(e.message, "err", 6000);
+      if (!quiet) status(e.message, "err", 6000);
     }
     checking = false;
     // drawn after the await, a page that can't be drawn says why, as one
@@ -3405,6 +3431,9 @@
     } else if (c?.status === "unknown") {
       nm.append(tag(t("Not checked"), "lib-unchecked", checkError(c)));
     }
+    // changed here since it was fetched from GitHub (#1449): an update asks
+    // before it replaces that
+    if (s.edited) nm.append(tag(t("Changed here"), "warn lib-edited", t("You changed it since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating asks before it replaces your changes.")));
     // a copy in an agent that differs from the library's skill (#896): a
     // sync makes it again
     if (s.behind?.length) {
@@ -3437,6 +3466,7 @@
     const acts = el("div", "lib-rowacts");
     if (s.kind === "github" || s.origin) {
       const u = button("", "lib-icon", async (e, b) => {
+        if (s.edited) return confirmUpdateEdited(s);
         b.classList.add("busy");
         await change("skills/update", { name: s.name }, t("{name} is up to date", { name: s.name }));
         b.classList.remove("busy");
@@ -3445,6 +3475,7 @@
       u.title = s.origin ? t("Update from GitHub ({repo}, as CC Switch installed it)", { repo: s.origin.replace(/^https:\/\/github\.com\//, "") }) : t("Update from GitHub");
       if (c?.status === "current") u.title += "\n" + t("Up to date with GitHub") + "\n" + checkLine(c);
       else if (c?.status === "update") u.title += "\n" + checkLine(c);
+      if (s.edited) u.title += "\n" + t("Changed here: asks before it replaces your changes");
       acts.append(u);
     }
     const rm = button("", "lib-icon danger", () => confirmRemoveSkill(s));
@@ -3458,6 +3489,26 @@
     return row;
   }
 
+  // An update of a skill changed here replaces the change (#1449): asked in
+  // the page, and the version replaced is kept with the backups.
+  function confirmUpdateEdited(s) {
+    const ed = el("div", "editor lib-editor lib-update-edited");
+    const head = el("div", "ehead");
+    head.append(glyph(GLYPH.up), el("b", "", t("Replace your changes to {name}?", { name: s.name })));
+    ed.append(head);
+    ed.append(el("p", "lib-confirm", t("You changed {name} here since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating puts GitHub's version in its place. Yours is kept in magpie's backups (Backups, at the foot of the Library).", { name: s.name })));
+    const bar = el("div", "bar");
+    const go = button(t("Update"), "primary", async () => {
+      go.disabled = true;
+      if (await change("skills/update", { name: s.name, replace: true }, t("{name} is up to date; your version is in the backups", { name: s.name }))) closeLibModal(true);
+      else go.disabled = false;
+    });
+    bar.append(el("span", "grow"), button(t("Keep mine"), "", closeLibModal), go);
+    ed.append(bar);
+    modal = { save: () => go.click() };
+    openLib(ed);
+  }
+
   function confirmRemoveSkill(s) {
     const ed = el("div", "editor lib-editor");
     const head = el("div", "ehead");
diff --git a/internal/gui/library.go b/internal/gui/library.go
index 2a269993..c6d5df40 100644
--- a/internal/gui/library.go
+++ b/internal/gui/library.go
@@ -345,6 +345,9 @@ func libraryRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux, w Windows) {
 			Keep   bool              // a project removed keeps what magpie put in it
 			On     bool              // every skill or server given to the agents, or taken from them
 			How    string            // link or copy: how skills are given to Agent, or to every agent with none (#896)
+			// Replace updates a skill changed here all the same, its
+			// changed version kept with the backups (#1449)
+			Replace bool
 			library.InstructionsChange
 		}
 		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&in); err != nil {
@@ -377,7 +380,7 @@ func libraryRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux, w Windows) {
 		case "skills/install":
 			res, err = library.InstallSkills(in.Source, in.Paths, in.Agents)
 		case "skills/update":
-			res, err = library.UpdateSkill(in.Name)
+			res, err = library.UpdateSkill(in.Name, in.Replace)
 		case "skills/update-all":
 			res, err = library.UpdateSkills()
 		case "skills/update-some":
diff --git a/internal/gui/tests/skill-update-edited.test.cjs b/internal/gui/tests/skill-update-edited.test.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91a24674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/gui/tests/skill-update-edited.test.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// Run with Node's test runner and Playwright on the module path; see README.md.
+// #1449 (YangZhiqiang98): Library → Skills should find which skills have
+// updates and update them. The page now checks by itself when the server
+// says a check is due (none since magpie started, or not for 12 hours),
+// once, and says only what there is to update. A skill changed here since it
+// was fetched from GitHub carries "Changed here"; its row's Update asks in
+// the page before it replaces the change (Keep mine sends nothing, Update
+// sends replace), and "Update N" leaves it out. A click never scrolls. In
+// English and Chinese, in Chromium and WebKit, wide and narrow. No backend:
+// the API is faked here.
+const assert = require("node:assert/strict");
+const fs = require("node:fs/promises");
+const path = require("node:path");
+const { test } = require("node:test");
+const { chromium, webkit } = require("playwright");
+
+const assets = path.resolve(__dirname, "../assets");
+const HOME = "/Users/lionel";
+const REPO = "anthropics/skills";
+const agent = (id, name) => ({ id, name, icon: "", skills: `${HOME}/.${id}/skills` });
+const sk = (name, extra) => ({ name, description: name + " skill", kind: "github", source: `https://github.com/${REPO}/tree/HEAD/skills/${name}`, agents: ["claude"], ...extra });
+const mine = (name) => ({ name, description: name + " of mine", kind: "folder", source: `${HOME}/skills/${name}`, agents: ["claude"] });
+const lib = (st) => ({
+  dir: `${HOME}/.magpie/library`, backups: `${HOME}/.magpie/backups`, home: HOME,
+  agents: [agent("claude", "Claude Code"), agent("codex", "Codex")],
+  instructions: { agents: [] }, servers: [], foundServers: [], projects: [], foundSkills: [], newSkills: [],
+  checkDue: !st.checked,
+  skills: [
+    sk("pdf", { edited: true, check: st.checked ? { name: "pdf", status: "update", commit: "c2", message: "pdf: forms" } : undefined }),
+    sk("docx", { check: st.checked ? { name: "docx", status: "update", commit: "c2", message: "docx: tables" } : undefined }),
+    sk("xlsx", { check: st.checked ? { name: "xlsx", status: "current", commit: "c1" } : undefined }),
+    ...Array.from({ length: 10 }, (_, i) => mine("note-" + i)),
+  ],
+});
+
+function server(lang, posts, st) {
+  return async (route) => {
+    const req = route.request(), url = new URL(req.url());
+    if (url.pathname === "/boot.js") return route.fulfill({ contentType: "text/javascript", body: `window.bootPrefs = {lang:"${lang}",theme:"light",web:true};` });
+    if (url.pathname === "/wails/runtime.js") return route.fulfill({ contentType: "text/javascript", body: "export const Window = {};" });
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/state") return route.fulfill({ json: { agents: [], profiles: [], settings: { lang, theme: "light" } } });
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/library") return route.fulfill({ json: lib(st) });
+    if (url.pathname.startsWith("/api/library/skills/")) {
+      const what = url.pathname.split("/").pop();
+      posts.push({ what, body: req.postDataJSON() });
+      if (what === "check") st.checked = true;
+      const result = what === "update-some" ? { updated: ["docx"], changed: [] } : { changed: ["claude"] };
+      return route.fulfill({ json: { ...lib(st), result } });
+    }
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/plugins") return route.fulfill({ json: { plugins: [] } });
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/usage/quotas") return route.fulfill({ json: [] });
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/groups") return route.fulfill({ json: { groups: [] } });
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/providers") return route.fulfill({ json: { providers: [], gateway: { running: true } } });
+    if (url.pathname.startsWith("/api/")) return route.fulfill({ json: {} });
+    const file = path.join(assets, url.pathname === "/" ? "index.html" : url.pathname);
+    const contentType = { ".html": "text/html", ".js": "text/javascript", ".css": "text/css", ".svg": "image/svg+xml", ".png": "image/png" }[path.extname(file)];
+    await route.fulfill({ body: await fs.readFile(file), contentType });
+  };
+}
+
+const press = async (page, loc) => {
+  const b = await loc.boundingBox();
+  await page.mouse.click(b.x + b.width / 2, b.y + b.height / 2);
+};
+
+// every scrolled box's offset, to tell a click moved none of them
+const scrolls = (page) => page.evaluate(() => [...document.querySelectorAll("*")].filter((e) => e.scrollTop).map((e) => (e.id || e.className) + ":" + e.scrollTop).concat("doc:" + document.scrollingElement.scrollTop).join(" "));
+
+const words = {
+  en: { said: "2 skills have updates", edited: "Changed here", updN: "Update 1", head: "Replace your changes to pdf?", keep: "Keep mine", update: "Update", done: "pdf is up to date; your version is in the backups", tip: "You changed it since it was fetched from GitHub. Updating asks before it replaces your changes." },
+  zh: { said: "2 个技能有更新", edited: "本地已改动", updN: "更新 1 个", head: "用 GitHub 的版本替换你对 pdf 的改动？", keep: "保留我的", update: "更新", done: "pdf 已是最新，你的版本已存入备份", tip: "从 GitHub 获取后你在本地改动过它。更新前会先询问，不会直接覆盖你的改动。" },
+};
+
+const shots = process.env.ARTIFACT_DIR;
+
+for (const engine of (process.env.BROWSER ? [process.env.BROWSER] : ["chromium", "webkit"])) {
+  test(engine + ": skills are checked as the page opens, and a skill changed here asks before an update", async (t) => {
+    assert(["chromium", "webkit"].includes(engine), "BROWSER must be chromium or webkit");
+    const browser = await (engine === "webkit" ? webkit.launch() : chromium.launch({ channel: "chromium" }));
+    const errors = [];
+    t.after(async () => {
+      if (errors.length) console.log(errors);
+      await browser.close();
+    });
+    for (const width of [860, 400]) for (const lang of ["en", "zh"]) {
+      await t.test(`${lang} at ${width}px`, async () => {
+        const w = words[lang], posts = [], st = { checked: false };
+        const ctx = await browser.newContext({ viewport: { width, height: 1100 } });
+        await ctx.addInitScript(() => { try { localStorage.setItem("magpie.libTab", "skills"); } catch {} });
+        const page = await ctx.newPage();
+        page.setDefaultTimeout(5000);
+        page.on("pageerror", (e) => errors.push(e.message));
+        await page.route("**/*", server(lang, posts, st));
+        await page.goto("http://magpie.test/");
+        await page.locator('button[data-view="library"]').click();
+        const v = page.locator("#view-library");
+        // checked by itself, once, with no click
+        await v.locator(".lib-skill .lib-tag.lib-new").first().waitFor();
+        await page.waitForTimeout(300);
+        assert.deepEqual(posts.map((p) => p.what), ["check"], "one check as the page opened");
+        assert.equal((await page.locator("#status").textContent()).trim(), w.said);
+
+        const pdf = v.locator(".lib-skill", { has: page.locator(".name", { hasText: /^pdf/ }) });
+        const tag = pdf.locator(".lib-tag.lib-edited");
+        assert.equal((await tag.textContent()).trim(), w.edited);
+        assert.equal(await tag.getAttribute("title"), w.tip);
+        assert.equal(await v.locator(".lib-skill .lib-tag.lib-edited").count(), 1, "only pdf was changed here");
+        // Update N is for docx alone: pdf asks from its own row
+        const updN = v.locator(".row-head button.lib-updall", { hasText: w.updN });
+        assert.equal(await updN.count(), 1, "Update N counts pdf");
+        assert.equal(await page.evaluate(() => document.documentElement.scrollWidth <= window.innerWidth), true, "no sideways scroll");
+
+        if (shots) await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(shots, `skill-edited-${engine}-${lang}-${width}.png`) });
+        const before = await scrolls(page);
+        await press(page, pdf.locator(".lib-rowacts button.lib-icon").first());
+        const modal = page.locator(".lib-update-edited");
+        await modal.waitFor();
+        assert.equal((await modal.locator(".ehead b").textContent()).trim(), w.head);
+        for (const b of await modal.locator(".bar button").all()) {
+          const box = await b.boundingBox();
+          assert(box && box.x >= 0 && box.x + box.width <= width, `a button out of view: ${JSON.stringify(box)}`);
+        }
+        await page.waitForTimeout(300);
+        if (shots) await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(shots, `skill-edited-ask-${engine}-${lang}-${width}.png`) });
+        assert.deepEqual(posts.map((p) => p.what), ["check"], "nothing sent before the answer");
+        await press(page, modal.locator(".bar button", { hasText: w.keep }));
+        await modal.waitFor({ state: "detached" });
+        assert.deepEqual(posts.map((p) => p.what), ["check"], "Keep mine sends nothing");
+        assert.equal(await scrolls(page), before, "asking moved the page");
+
+        await press(page, pdf.locator(".lib-rowacts button.lib-icon").first());
+        await modal.waitFor();
+        await press(page, modal.locator(".bar button.primary", { hasText: w.update }));
+        await modal.waitFor({ state: "detached" });
+        assert.deepEqual(posts[1], { what: "update", body: { name: "pdf", replace: true } });
+        assert.equal((await page.locator("#status").textContent()).trim(), w.done);
+
+        await press(page, updN);
+        await page.waitForTimeout(300);
+        assert.deepEqual(posts[2], { what: "update-some", body: { names: ["docx"] } });
+        await ctx.close();
+      });
+    }
+    assert.deepEqual(errors, []);
+  });
+}
diff --git a/internal/library/ccswitch_test.go b/internal/library/ccswitch_test.go
index ff26e962..c1d62fb1 100644
--- a/internal/library/ccswitch_test.go
+++ b/internal/library/ccswitch_test.go
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ func TestCCSwitchSkillUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 	if origins["pdf"] != "https://github.com/owner/repo/tree/main" || origins["mine"] != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("origins %v", origins)
 	}
-	if _, err := UpdateSkill("mine"); err == nil {
+	if _, err := UpdateSkill("mine", false); err == nil {
 		t.Error("one CC Switch has no repository for was updated")
 	}
-	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf"))
+	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf", false))
 	if asked[len(asked)-1] != "/owner/repo/main" {
 		t.Errorf("asked %v", asked)
 	}
@@ -78,5 +78,5 @@ func TestCCSwitchSkillUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 	if s := l.skill("pdf"); s.Source == nil || s.Source.Kind != "github" || s.Source.Repo != "owner/repo" || s.Source.Path != "skills/pdf" {
 		t.Errorf("source %+v", s.Source)
 	}
-	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf")) // from GitHub now, like any other
+	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf", false)) // from GitHub now, like any other
 }
diff --git a/internal/library/library_test.go b/internal/library/library_test.go
index 35a40df1..6e843064 100644
--- a/internal/library/library_test.go
+++ b/internal/library/library_test.go
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ func TestSkillsFromGitHub(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("the tarball wrote outside its folder")
 	}
 	version = "two"
-	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf"))
+	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf", false))
 	v, _ := Read(nil)
 	if v.Skills[0].Description != "PDFs two" || v.Skills[0].Source != in+"/pdf" {
 		t.Errorf("after update: %+v", v.Skills[0])
diff --git a/internal/library/projects_test.go b/internal/library/projects_test.go
index de8e9e41..fa6a75a8 100644
--- a/internal/library/projects_test.go
+++ b/internal/library/projects_test.go
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func TestUpdateSkillRefreshesProjects(t *testing.T) {
 		ok(t)(ProjectSkill(p, "docx", []string{"codex"}))
 	}
 	version = "two"
-	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf"))
+	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf", false))
 	ok(t)(UpdateSomeSkills([]string{"docx"}))
 	for _, p := range []string{linked, copied} {
 		for _, e := range []string{".claude/skills/pdf", ".agents/skills/docx"} {
diff --git a/internal/library/skill_changed.go b/internal/library/skill_changed.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccef15cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/library/skill_changed.go
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package library
+
+// A skill from GitHub can be changed on this machine after it was
+// installed: the user edits it in the library's folder, an agent it is
+// linked into edits it there, or an agent's copy is edited and taken in
+// (skill_edits.go). An update from GitHub takes its files in place of the
+// library's, so it would undo such a change without a word (#1449). So
+// the library tells a changed skill by the hash of its files as fetched
+// (Skill.Hash): the page says it was changed here, an update of it alone
+// asks first, an update of many leaves it as it is, and the version an
+// update replaces is kept with the backups unless it is known to be
+// GitHub's own.
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// EditedError is an update refused because the skill was changed here
+// since it was fetched from GitHub.
+type EditedError struct{ Name string }
+
+func (e *EditedError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s was changed here since it was fetched from GitHub; updating it would replace those changes", e.Name)
+}
+
+// edits remembers, for each skill's library folder, its hash as of when
+// anything in it last changed, so a page read doesn't read every skill's
+// files again.
+var edits = struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	m map[string]editMemo
+}{m: map[string]editMemo{}}
+
+type editMemo struct {
+	at   time.Time
+	hash string
+}
+
+// libraryHash is the hash of the library's folder of a skill, leaving
+// aside what Finder keeps in it: "" when it can't be read.
+func libraryHash(name string) string {
+	dir := skillDir(name)
+	at := changedAt(dir)
+	edits.Lock()
+	m, ok := edits.m[dir]
+	edits.Unlock()
+	if ok && !at.IsZero() && m.at.Equal(at) {
+		return m.hash
+	}
+	h := hashFiles(dir, true)
+	if h != "" && !at.IsZero() {
+		edits.Lock()
+		edits.m[dir] = editMemo{at: at, hash: h}
+		edits.Unlock()
+	}
+	return h
+}
+
+// editState tells whether a skill from GitHub was changed here since it
+// was fetched: its library folder no longer holds the files fetched, or
+// an agent's copy of it was edited since magpie made it and isn't taken
+// in yet. known is false when that can't be told: magpie didn't keep the
+// hash of what it fetched (installed before it did), or the folder can't
+// be read.
+func (l *Library) editState(s *Skill, targets []*Target) (edited, known bool) {
+	if s.Source == nil || s.Source.Kind != "github" || s.Hash == "" {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	lib := skillDir(s.Name)
+	if linked(lib) {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	h := libraryHash(s.Name)
+	if h == "" {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	// the fetched files may hold a .DS_Store of their own
+	if h != s.Hash && hashDir(lib) != s.Hash {
+		return true, true
+	}
+	for _, t := range targets {
+		if t.Skills == "" || t.Desktop != nil || !slices.Contains(s.Agents, t.Agent.ID) {
+			continue
+		}
+		p := filepath.Join(t.Skills, s.Name)
+		if !ours(p, s.Name) || linked(p) {
+			continue
+		}
+		made, ok := copiedAt(p)
+		if !ok || !changedAt(p).After(made) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !sameTree(p, lib) {
+			return true, true
+		}
+	}
+	return false, true
+}
+
+// keepReplaced moves the library's version of a skill an update replaces
+// to the backups, where it is found as an edit taken over is.
+func keepReplaced(name, old string) (string, error) {
+	dst := filepath.Join(BackupDir(), time.Now().Format("2006-01-02_15-04-05.000"), "library", "skills", name)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(dst), 0o700); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return dst, move(old, dst)
+}
diff --git a/internal/library/skill_changed_test.go b/internal/library/skill_changed_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e25050a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/library/skill_changed_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+package library
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// fakeSkillTarball serves a repository whose skills/pdf says version.
+func fakeSkillTarball(t *testing.T, version *string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Write(tarball(t, map[string]string{
+			"skills/pdf/SKILL.md":  "---\nname: pdf\ndescription: PDFs " + *version + "\n---\n",
+			"skills/pdf/forms.md":  "forms " + *version,
+			"skills/docx/SKILL.md": "---\nname: docx\ndescription: Word " + *version + "\n---\n",
+		}))
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+	old := tarballURL
+	tarballURL = func(repo, ref string) string { return srv.URL + "/" + repo + "/" + ref }
+	t.Cleanup(func() { tarballURL = old })
+}
+
+func skillView(t *testing.T, name string) SkillView {
+	t.Helper()
+	v, err := Read(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, s := range v.Skills {
+		if s.Name == name {
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("no %s on the page", name)
+	return SkillView{}
+}
+
+// keptBackups is every copy of a skill the backups keep as the library's.
+func keptBackups(t *testing.T, name string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	got, _ := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(BackupDir(), "*", "library", "skills", name, "forms.md"))
+	return got
+}
+
+// #1449: a skill from GitHub the user changed in the library (by hand, or
+// through an agent it is linked into) is said to be changed, and an update
+// asks before replacing it: one of it alone is refused unless told to
+// replace, an update of every skill leaves it as it is, and once replaced
+// the changed version is in the backups. An unchanged one updates as
+// before, with no backup of GitHub's old files.
+func TestUpdateKeepsASkillChangedHere(t *testing.T) {
+	h := sandbox(t)
+	version := "one"
+	fakeSkillTarball(t, &version)
+	ok(t)(InstallSkills("owner/repo", []string{"skills/pdf", "skills/docx"}, []string{"claude"}))
+	if s := skillView(t, "pdf"); s.Edited {
+		t.Fatal("pdf is said to be changed as installed")
+	}
+	// Finder showing the folder is no change
+	write(t, filepath.Join(skillDir("pdf"), ".DS_Store"), "finder")
+	if s := skillView(t, "pdf"); s.Edited {
+		t.Fatal("a .DS_Store made pdf changed")
+	}
+
+	// edited through Claude Code's link, which is the library's folder
+	write(t, filepath.Join(h, ".claude/skills/pdf/forms.md"), "my forms")
+	if s := skillView(t, "pdf"); !s.Edited {
+		t.Fatal("pdf edited here isn't said to be")
+	}
+	if s := skillView(t, "docx"); s.Edited {
+		t.Fatal("docx is said to be changed")
+	}
+
+	version = "two"
+	_, err := UpdateSkill("pdf", false)
+	var edited *EditedError
+	if !errors.As(err, &edited) || edited.Name != "pdf" {
+		t.Fatalf("updating the edited pdf: %v", err)
+	}
+	if s := read(t, filepath.Join(skillDir("pdf"), "forms.md")); s != "my forms" {
+		t.Fatalf("the refused update wrote over the edit: %q", s)
+	}
+
+	res, err := UpdateSkills()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !slices.Equal(res.Updated, []string{"docx"}) {
+		t.Errorf("updated %v, want docx only", res.Updated)
+	}
+	if len(res.Unupdated) != 1 || res.Unupdated[0].What != "skill:pdf" || !strings.Contains(res.Unupdated[0].Error, "changed here") {
+		t.Errorf("unupdated %+v", res.Unupdated)
+	}
+	if s := read(t, filepath.Join(skillDir("pdf"), "forms.md")); s != "my forms" {
+		t.Fatalf("updating every skill wrote over the edit: %q", s)
+	}
+	if got := keptBackups(t, "docx"); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("docx, unchanged, was kept with the backups: %v", got)
+	}
+
+	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf", true))
+	if s := read(t, filepath.Join(skillDir("pdf"), "forms.md")); s != "forms two" {
+		t.Fatalf("pdf replaced: %q", s)
+	}
+	got := keptBackups(t, "pdf")
+	if len(got) != 1 || read(t, got[0]) != "my forms" {
+		t.Fatalf("the edit replaced isn't in the backups: %v", got)
+	}
+	if s := skillView(t, "pdf"); s.Edited || s.Description != "PDFs two" {
+		t.Fatalf("pdf after the update: %+v", s)
+	}
+	if !ours(filepath.Join(h, ".claude/skills/pdf"), "pdf") {
+		t.Error("claude's link went in the update")
+	}
+}
+
+// An agent given its skills as copies edits one: until a sync takes the
+// edit in, the library's folder is GitHub's, and the copy is what was
+// changed. An update asks all the same.
+func TestUpdateKeepsACopyEditedInAnAgent(t *testing.T) {
+	h := sandbox(t)
+	version := "one"
+	fakeSkillTarball(t, &version)
+	ok(t)(InstallSkills("owner/repo", []string{"skills/pdf"}, []string{"claude"}))
+	ok(t)(SetSkillHow("", HowCopy))
+	p := filepath.Join(h, ".claude/skills/pdf")
+	if linked(p) {
+		t.Fatal("claude's pdf is still a link")
+	}
+	if s := skillView(t, "pdf"); s.Edited {
+		t.Fatal("the copy is said to be changed as made")
+	}
+	later := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
+	write(t, filepath.Join(p, "forms.md"), "claude's forms")
+	os.Chtimes(filepath.Join(p, "forms.md"), later, later)
+	if s := skillView(t, "pdf"); !s.Edited {
+		t.Fatal("the copy edited in Claude Code isn't said to be")
+	}
+	version = "two"
+	var edited *EditedError
+	if _, err := UpdateSkill("pdf", false); !errors.As(err, &edited) {
+		t.Fatalf("updating pdf edited in Claude Code's copy: %v", err)
+	}
+	if s := read(t, filepath.Join(p, "forms.md")); s != "claude's forms" {
+		t.Fatalf("the refused update wrote over the copy: %q", s)
+	}
+}
+
+// A skill installed before magpie kept the hash of what it fetched can't
+// be told changed or not: it isn't said to be, and an update keeps the
+// version it replaces, in case it was.
+func TestUpdateKeepsWhatItCantTell(t *testing.T) {
+	sandbox(t)
+	version := "one"
+	fakeSkillTarball(t, &version)
+	ok(t)(InstallSkills("owner/repo", []string{"skills/pdf"}, nil))
+	mu.Lock()
+	l, err := load()
+	if err == nil {
+		l.skill("pdf").Hash = ""
+		err = l.save()
+	}
+	mu.Unlock()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	write(t, filepath.Join(skillDir("pdf"), "forms.md"), "maybe mine")
+	if s := skillView(t, "pdf"); s.Edited {
+		t.Fatal("pdf with no hash is said to be changed")
+	}
+	version = "two"
+	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf", false))
+	got := keptBackups(t, "pdf")
+	if len(got) != 1 || read(t, got[0]) != "maybe mine" {
+		t.Fatalf("what the update replaced isn't in the backups: %v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// The page checks the skills from GitHub by itself when they weren't
+// checked since magpie started, or not for checkEvery; a library with none
+// from there has nothing to check.
+func TestCheckDue(t *testing.T) {
+	sandbox(t)
+	checkedAt.Store(0)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { checkedAt.Store(0) })
+	version := "one"
+	fakeSkillTarball(t, &version)
+	if v, _ := Read(nil); v.CheckDue {
+		t.Fatal("due with no skills")
+	}
+	ok(t)(InstallSkills("owner/repo", []string{"skills/pdf"}, nil))
+	if v, _ := Read(nil); !v.CheckDue {
+		t.Fatal("not due before any check")
+	}
+	checkedAt.Store(time.Now().Add(-time.Hour).UnixNano())
+	if v, _ := Read(nil); v.CheckDue {
+		t.Fatal("due an hour after a check")
+	}
+	checkedAt.Store(time.Now().Add(-checkEvery - time.Minute).UnixNano())
+	if v, _ := Read(nil); !v.CheckDue {
+		t.Fatal("not due a day after a check")
+	}
+}
+
+// A check says it was made: the page doesn't check again as it opens.
+func TestCheckSkillsMarksItDone(t *testing.T) {
+	sandbox(t)
+	checkedAt.Store(0)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { checkedAt.Store(0) })
+	fakeSkillRepo(t, map[string]string{"skills/pdf/SKILL.md": "---\nname: pdf\ndescription: PDFs\n---\n"})
+	ok(t)(InstallSkills("owner/marks", []string{"skills/pdf"}, nil))
+	if _, err := CheckSkills(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if v, _ := Read(nil); v.CheckDue {
+		t.Fatal("due right after a check")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/library/skillcheck.go b/internal/library/skillcheck.go
index dddf5bba..751671df 100644
--- a/internal/library/skillcheck.go
+++ b/internal/library/skillcheck.go
@@ -84,6 +84,25 @@ func forgetCheck(name string) {
 	checks.Unlock()
 }
 
+// checkedAt is when the skills were last checked for updates (unix
+// nanoseconds), 0 before the first check since magpie started.
+var checkedAt atomic.Int64
+
+// checkEvery is how long the Library page goes before it checks for
+// updates by itself, as it opens the skills (#1449).
+const checkEvery = 12 * time.Hour
+
+// checkDue is whether the page should check the library's skills from
+// GitHub for updates: none checked since magpie started, or not for
+// checkEvery.
+func checkDue(l *Library) bool {
+	if !slices.ContainsFunc(l.Skills, func(s *Skill) bool { return s.Source != nil && s.Source.Kind == "github" }) {
+		return false
+	}
+	at := checkedAt.Load()
+	return at == 0 || time.Since(time.Unix(0, at)) >= checkEvery
+}
+
 // commit is one commit as GitHub's API lists it.
 type commit struct {
 	SHA    string `json:"sha"`
@@ -177,7 +196,11 @@ func apiGet(u string) ([]byte, int, bool, error) {
 
 // hashDir is a hash of a skill's files, their names and what's in them,
 // as copyDir copies them.
-func hashDir(dir string) string {
+func hashDir(dir string) string { return hashFiles(dir, false) }
+
+// hashFiles is hashDir, leaving aside the .DS_Store files Finder leaves in
+// a folder it shows when noFinder is set.
+func hashFiles(dir string, noFinder bool) string {
 	h := sha256.New()
 	err := filepath.WalkDir(dir, func(p string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
 		if err != nil {
@@ -193,7 +216,7 @@ func hashDir(dir string) string {
 		case d.Type()&fs.ModeSymlink != 0:
 			t, _ := os.Readlink(p)
 			fmt.Fprintf(h, "link %s %s\n", rel, filepath.ToSlash(t))
-		case d.Type().IsRegular() && rel != marker:
+		case d.Type().IsRegular() && rel != marker && !(noFinder && d.Name() == ".DS_Store"):
 			f, err := os.Open(p)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -304,6 +327,7 @@ func CheckSkills() ([]SkillCheck, error) {
 		checks.m[c.Name] = c
 	}
 	checks.Unlock()
+	checkedAt.Store(time.Now().UnixNano())
 	if out == nil {
 		out = []SkillCheck{}
 	}
diff --git a/internal/library/skills.go b/internal/library/skills.go
index b6e68f40..c2ad81a8 100644
--- a/internal/library/skills.go
+++ b/internal/library/skills.go
@@ -1058,8 +1058,10 @@ func installFrom(l *Library, p *Probe, paths, agents []string, shown bool, in *i
 }
 
 // UpdateSkill fetches a skill from GitHub again, in place: the agents'
-// links go on pointing at it.
-func UpdateSkill(name string) (*Result, error) {
+// links go on pointing at it. One changed here since it was fetched is
+// an *EditedError unless replace is set, and then the changed version is
+// kept with the backups (#1449).
+func UpdateSkill(name string, replace bool) (*Result, error) {
 	mu.Lock()
 	l, err := load()
 	mu.Unlock()
@@ -1072,16 +1074,29 @@ func UpdateSkill(name string) (*Result, error) {
 	}
 	f := &fetcher{}
 	defer f.clean()
+	if edited, _ := l.editState(s, Targets()); edited && !replace {
+		return nil, &EditedError{Name: name}
+	}
 	up, err := f.prepare(s)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return change(func(l *Library) error { return up.apply(l) })
+	return change(func(l *Library) error {
+		targets := Targets()
+		if s := l.skill(name); s != nil && !replace {
+			// changed while it was fetched
+			if edited, _ := l.editState(s, targets); edited {
+				return &EditedError{Name: name}
+			}
+		}
+		return up.apply(l, targets)
+	})
 }
 
 // UpdateSkills fetches again every skill that came from GitHub, each
 // repository once, and writes the agents once. A skill that couldn't be
-// fetched is said in Unupdated; the others are updated all the same.
+// fetched is said in Unupdated, as is one changed here since it was
+// fetched, which is left as it is; the others are updated all the same.
 func UpdateSkills() (*Result, error) { return updateSkills(nil) }
 
 // UpdateSomeSkills is UpdateSkills for the skills named only: those a
@@ -1131,8 +1146,15 @@ func updateSkills(names []string) (*Result, error) {
 	wg.Wait()
 	sort.Slice(failed, func(i, j int) bool { return failed[i].What < failed[j].What })
 	res, err := change(func(l *Library) error {
+		targets := Targets()
 		for _, up := range ups {
-			if err := up.apply(l); err != nil {
+			if s := l.skill(up.name); s != nil {
+				if edited, _ := l.editState(s, targets); edited {
+					failed = append(failed, Problem{What: "skill:" + up.name, Error: (&EditedError{Name: up.name}).Error()})
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			if err := up.apply(l, targets); err != nil {
 				failed = append(failed, Problem{What: "skill:" + up.name, Error: err.Error()})
 			}
 		}
@@ -1251,9 +1273,15 @@ func (f *fetcher) prepare(s *Skill) (*skillUpdate, error) {
 }
 
 // apply puts the fetched skill in the old one's place; the agents' links
-// go on pointing at it.
-func (up *skillUpdate) apply(l *Library) error {
+// go on pointing at it. The old one goes to the backups unless it is
+// known to be the files fetched before, unchanged.
+func (up *skillUpdate) apply(l *Library, targets []*Target) error {
 	name := up.name
+	keep := true
+	if s := l.skill(name); s != nil {
+		edited, known := l.editState(s, targets)
+		keep = edited || !known
+	}
 	next, old := skillDir("."+name+".next"), skillDir("."+name+".old")
 	os.RemoveAll(next)
 	os.RemoveAll(old)
@@ -1291,6 +1319,13 @@ func (up *skillUpdate) apply(l *Library) error {
 	if old == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
+	if keep {
+		var lb *leftBehind
+		if _, err := keepReplaced(name, old); err != nil && !errors.As(err, &lb) {
+			// the update is in; what it replaced stays beside it, not lost
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s is updated, but the version it replaced couldn't be kept with the backups and is at %s: %w", name, old, err)
+		}
+	}
 	return os.RemoveAll(old)
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/library/skills_copy_test.go b/internal/library/skills_copy_test.go
index c5f27772..cabd805d 100644
--- a/internal/library/skills_copy_test.go
+++ b/internal/library/skills_copy_test.go
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func TestSkillCopyFollowsTheLibrary(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	version = "two"
-	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf"))
+	ok(t)(UpdateSkill("pdf", false))
 	if s := read(t, filepath.Join(p, "SKILL.md")); !strings.Contains(s, "PDFs two") {
 		t.Fatalf("claude's copy after the update:\n%s", s)
 	}
diff --git a/internal/library/sync.go b/internal/library/sync.go
index da188654..0e56afad 100644
--- a/internal/library/sync.go
+++ b/internal/library/sync.go
@@ -230,6 +230,10 @@ type SkillView struct {
 	// Behind are the agents given it as a copy whose copy differs from it,
 	// till the next sync makes it again
 	Behind []string `json:"behind,omitempty"`
+	// Edited is set for one from GitHub changed here since it was fetched,
+	// in the library or in an agent's copy: an update replaces that, so
+	// the page asks first (#1449)
+	Edited bool `json:"edited,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // View is the Library page.
@@ -248,6 +252,10 @@ type View struct {
 	Backups      string            `json:"backups"`
 	SkillGroups  []SkillGroup      `json:"skillGroups"`
 	CopySkills   bool              `json:"copySkills"` // the library gives skills as copies (#896)
+	// CheckDue is set when the skills from GitHub weren't checked for
+	// updates since magpie started, or not for a while: the page checks
+	// them as it shows them (#1449)
+	CheckDue bool `json:"checkDue,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Read is the whole page: the library, and what's found in the agents.
@@ -356,6 +364,7 @@ func Read(problems []Problem) (*View, error) {
 		}
 		sv.Check = lastCheck(s.Name)
 		sv.Behind = behind[s.Name]
+		sv.Edited, _ = l.editState(s, targets)
 		v.Skills = append(v.Skills, sv)
 	}
 	v.FoundServers = foundServers(l)
@@ -366,6 +375,7 @@ func Read(problems []Problem) (*View, error) {
 	v.NewSkills = newSkills(l)
 	v.Projects = projectViews(l, problems)
 	v.SkillGroups = l.skillGroups()
+	v.CheckDue = checkDue(l)
 	return v, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/tui/library.go b/internal/tui/library.go
index f255b3fa..35629b7f 100644
--- a/internal/tui/library.go
+++ b/internal/tui/library.go
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func (m model) updateLibrary(msg tea.KeyMsg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
 			return m, nil
 		}
 		m.flash, m.flashOK = "fetching "+r.name+" from GitHub again…", true
-		return m, libCmd(func() (*library.Result, error) { return library.UpdateSkill(r.name) }, "updated "+r.name)
+		return m, libCmd(func() (*library.Result, error) { return library.UpdateSkill(r.name, false) }, "updated "+r.name)
 	case "i":
 		if r.own {
 			m.flash, m.flashOK = r.name+" is put there by the agent's app itself, each time it starts: it stays as it is", false
diff --git a/library_cli.go b/library_cli.go
index df2b2f88..a4036a58 100644
--- a/library_cli.go
+++ b/library_cli.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ const libraryUsage = `magpie library                     what the library gives
   magpie library skill rm <name>     (skills are installed from the app's Library page)
   magpie library skill rm --all [--yes]   every skill out of the library and the agents (asks first; --yes doesn't)
   magpie library skill update [name] fetch a skill from GitHub again; with no name, every one from there
+                                     (one changed here is left as it is; update it by name with --replace-edits)
   magpie library skill how link|copy [agent]   give skills as links to the library's or as copies: every agent's way, or one agent's
   magpie library skill how default <agent>     the agent goes the library's way again
   magpie library skill use-library <name> <agent>   an agent's own skill by that name is in the way: set it aside, link the library's
@@ -130,9 +132,14 @@ func libraryCmd(args []string) error {
 			res, err = library.UseLibrarySkill(rest[1], rest[2])
 		case len(rest) == 3 && rest[0] == "keep-own":
 			res, err = library.KeepAgentSkill(rest[1], rest[2])
-		case len(rest) == 2 && rest[0] == "update":
-			if res, err = library.UpdateSkill(rest[1]); err == nil {
+		case (len(rest) == 2 || len(rest) == 3 && rest[2] == "--replace-edits") && rest[0] == "update" && !strings.HasPrefix(rest[1], "-"):
+			// a skill changed here is updated only when asked to be, its
+			// changed version kept with the backups (#1449)
+			var edited *library.EditedError
+			if res, err = library.UpdateSkill(rest[1], len(rest) == 3); err == nil {
 				fmt.Println(green.Render("✓"), rest[1], "is up to date")
+			} else if errors.As(err, &edited) {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("%w\n  magpie library skill update %s --replace-edits  takes GitHub's in its place, keeping yours with the backups", err, rest[1])
 			}
 		case len(rest) == 1 && rest[0] == "update":
 			res, err = library.UpdateSkills()