diff --git a/src/server/proxy-core/surfaces/sharedSurface.ts b/src/server/proxy-core/surfaces/sharedSurface.ts
index b6e6615..73570e8 100644
--- a/src/server/proxy-core/surfaces/sharedSurface.ts
+++ b/src/server/proxy-core/surfaces/sharedSurface.ts
@@ -136,13 +136,13 @@ export function bindSurfaceStickyChannel(input: {
   stickySessionKey?: string | null;
   selected: {
     channel: { id: number };
-    account?: { extraConfig?: string | null } | null;
+    account?: { extraConfig?: string | null; oauthProvider?: string | null } | null;
   };
 }): void {
   proxyChannelCoordinator.bindStickyChannel(
     input.stickySessionKey,
     input.selected.channel.id,
-    input.selected.account?.extraConfig,
+    input.selected.account || undefined,
   );
 }
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ export async function acquireSurfaceChannelLease(input: {
   stickySessionKey?: string | null;
   selected: {
     channel: { id: number };
-    account?: { extraConfig?: string | null } | null;
+    account?: { extraConfig?: string | null; oauthProvider?: string | null } | null;
   };
 }) {
   return await proxyChannelCoordinator.acquireChannelLease({
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ export async function acquireSurfaceChannelLease(input: {
     // the pre-sticky-session parallel behavior instead of contending globally.
     channelId: input.stickySessionKey ? input.selected.channel.id : 0,
     accountExtraConfig: input.selected.account?.extraConfig,
+    accountOauthProvider: input.selected.account?.oauthProvider,
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/src/server/routes/api/accounts.credentialMode.test.ts b/src/server/routes/api/accounts.credentialMode.test.ts
index 61d6503..84312b9 100644
--- a/src/server/routes/api/accounts.credentialMode.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/routes/api/accounts.credentialMode.test.ts
@@ -276,6 +276,68 @@ describe('accounts credential mode', { timeout: 15_000 }, () => {
       });
     });
 
+  it('uses structured oauth columns when listing oauth account capabilities and runtime health', async () => {
+    const site = await db.insert(schema.sites).values({
+      name: 'Structured Codex Site',
+      url: 'https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex',
+      platform: 'codex',
+    }).returning().get();
+
+    const account = await db.insert(schema.accounts).values({
+      siteId: site.id,
+      username: 'structured-oauth@example.com',
+      accessToken: 'oauth-access-token',
+      apiToken: null,
+      status: 'active',
+      checkinEnabled: false,
+      oauthProvider: 'codex',
+      oauthAccountKey: 'chatgpt-account-structured-123',
+      extraConfig: JSON.stringify({
+        credentialMode: 'session',
+        oauth: {
+          email: 'structured-oauth@example.com',
+          planType: 'team',
+        },
+      }),
+    }).returning().get();
+
+    await db.insert(schema.modelAvailability).values({
+      accountId: account.id,
+      modelName: 'gpt-5.2-codex',
+      available: true,
+      checkedAt: '2026-04-01T12:00:00.000Z',
+    }).run();
+
+    const listResponse = await app.inject({
+      method: 'GET',
+      url: '/api/accounts',
+    });
+    expect(listResponse.statusCode).toBe(200);
+
+    const list = listResponse.json() as Array<{
+      id: number;
+      capabilities?: {
+        canCheckin?: boolean;
+        canRefreshBalance?: boolean;
+        proxyOnly?: boolean;
+      };
+      runtimeHealth?: {
+        state?: string;
+        reason?: string;
+      };
+    }>;
+    const item = list.find((entry) => entry.id === account.id);
+    expect(item?.capabilities).toMatchObject({
+      canCheckin: false,
+      canRefreshBalance: false,
+      proxyOnly: true,
+    });
+    expect(item?.runtimeHealth).toMatchObject({
+      state: 'healthy',
+      reason: '模型探测成功',
+    });
+  });
+
   it('stores managed refresh token for sub2api session account', async () => {
     verifyTokenMock.mockResolvedValueOnce({
       tokenType: 'session',
diff --git a/src/server/routes/api/accounts.ts b/src/server/routes/api/accounts.ts
index fbef5bf..8a97c92 100644
--- a/src/server/routes/api/accounts.ts
+++ b/src/server/routes/api/accounts.ts
@@ -105,9 +105,9 @@ function resolveStoredCredentialMode(account: typeof schema.accounts.$inferSelec
 function buildCapabilitiesFromCredentialMode(
   credentialMode: AccountCredentialMode,
   hasSessionToken: boolean,
-  extraConfig?: string | null,
+  oauthIdentity?: string | null | Pick<typeof schema.accounts.$inferSelect, 'extraConfig' | 'oauthProvider'>,
 ): AccountCapabilities {
-  if (hasOauthProvider(extraConfig)) {
+  if (hasOauthProvider(oauthIdentity)) {
     return {
       canCheckin: false,
       canRefreshBalance: false,
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ function buildCapabilitiesFromCredentialMode(
 
 function buildCapabilitiesForAccount(account: typeof schema.accounts.$inferSelect): AccountCapabilities {
   const credentialMode = resolveStoredCredentialMode(account);
-  return buildCapabilitiesFromCredentialMode(credentialMode, hasSessionTokenValue(account.accessToken), account.extraConfig);
+  return buildCapabilitiesFromCredentialMode(credentialMode, hasSessionTokenValue(account.accessToken), account);
 }
 
 function normalizeBatchIds(input: unknown): number[] {
@@ -498,15 +498,12 @@ export async function accountsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
 
     return rows.map((r) => {
       const credentialMode = resolveStoredCredentialMode(r.accounts);
+      const capabilities = buildCapabilitiesForAccount(r.accounts);
       return {
         ...r.accounts,
         site: r.sites,
         credentialMode,
-        capabilities: buildCapabilitiesFromCredentialMode(
-          credentialMode,
-          hasSessionTokenValue(r.accounts.accessToken),
-          r.accounts.extraConfig,
-        ),
+        capabilities,
         todaySpend: Math.round((spendByAccount[r.accounts.id] || 0) * 1_000_000) / 1_000_000,
         todayReward: Math.round(estimateRewardWithTodayIncomeFallback({
           day: localDay,
@@ -519,11 +516,7 @@ export async function accountsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
           accountStatus: r.accounts.status,
           siteStatus: r.sites.status,
           extraConfig: r.accounts.extraConfig,
-          sessionCapable: buildCapabilitiesFromCredentialMode(
-            credentialMode,
-            hasSessionTokenValue(r.accounts.accessToken),
-            r.accounts.extraConfig,
-          ).canRefreshBalance,
+          sessionCapable: capabilities.canRefreshBalance,
           hasDiscoveredModels: (modelCountByAccount[r.accounts.id] || 0) > 0,
         }),
       };
diff --git a/src/server/services/accountExtraConfig.test.ts b/src/server/services/accountExtraConfig.test.ts
index ef96822..bb0f8dc 100644
--- a/src/server/services/accountExtraConfig.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/accountExtraConfig.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 import {
   buildStoredSub2ApiSubscriptionSummary,
   getCredentialModeFromExtraConfig,
+  hasOauthProvider,
   getPlatformUserIdFromExtraConfig,
   getProxyUrlFromExtraConfig,
   getSub2ApiAuthFromExtraConfig,
@@ -145,6 +146,24 @@ describe('accountExtraConfig', () => {
     })).toBe(true);
   });
 
+  it('recognizes structured oauth provider columns even when extraConfig omits oauth.provider', () => {
+    const structuredOauthAccount = {
+      oauthProvider: 'codex',
+      accessToken: 'oauth-access-token',
+      apiToken: null,
+      extraConfig: JSON.stringify({
+        credentialMode: 'session',
+        oauth: {
+          email: 'oauth-user@example.com',
+        },
+      }),
+    };
+
+    expect(hasOauthProvider(structuredOauthAccount)).toBe(true);
+    expect(supportsDirectAccountRoutingConnection(structuredOauthAccount)).toBe(true);
+    expect(requiresManagedAccountTokens(structuredOauthAccount)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
   it('parses stored sub2api subscription summary from extra config', () => {
     const extraConfig = mergeAccountExtraConfig(null, {
       sub2apiSubscription: buildStoredSub2ApiSubscriptionSummary({
diff --git a/src/server/services/accountExtraConfig.ts b/src/server/services/accountExtraConfig.ts
index 46b9d27..5dc4976 100644
--- a/src/server/services/accountExtraConfig.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/accountExtraConfig.ts
@@ -40,11 +40,20 @@ type AccountExtraConfig = {
 };
 
 type ExtraConfigInput = string | Record<string, unknown> | null | undefined;
+type OauthProviderCarrier = {
+  extraConfig?: ExtraConfigInput;
+  oauthProvider?: unknown;
+};
+type OauthProviderInput = ExtraConfigInput | OauthProviderCarrier;
 
 function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
   return !!value && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value);
 }
 
+function isOauthProviderCarrier(value: unknown): value is OauthProviderCarrier {
+  return isRecord(value) && ('extraConfig' in value || 'oauthProvider' in value);
+}
+
 function parseExtraConfig(extraConfig?: ExtraConfigInput): AccountExtraConfig {
   if (!extraConfig) return {};
   if (isRecord(extraConfig)) return extraConfig as AccountExtraConfig;
@@ -142,14 +151,23 @@ export function getOauthProviderFromExtraConfig(extraConfig?: ExtraConfigInput):
   return normalizeNonEmptyString(parsed.oauth?.provider);
 }
 
-export function hasOauthProvider(extraConfig?: ExtraConfigInput): boolean {
-  return !!getOauthProviderFromExtraConfig(extraConfig);
+function getOauthProvider(input?: OauthProviderInput): string | undefined {
+  if (!isOauthProviderCarrier(input)) {
+    return getOauthProviderFromExtraConfig(input);
+  }
+  return normalizeNonEmptyString(input.oauthProvider)
+    ?? getOauthProviderFromExtraConfig(input.extraConfig);
+}
+
+export function hasOauthProvider(input?: OauthProviderInput): boolean {
+  return !!getOauthProvider(input);
 }
 
 type DirectAccountRoutingInput = {
   accessToken?: string | null;
   apiToken?: string | null;
   extraConfig?: ExtraConfigInput;
+  oauthProvider?: string | null;
 };
 
 function hasCredentialValue(value: string | null | undefined): boolean {
@@ -158,7 +176,7 @@ function hasCredentialValue(value: string | null | undefined): boolean {
 
 export function supportsDirectAccountRoutingConnection(account: DirectAccountRoutingInput): boolean {
   const credentialMode = getCredentialModeFromExtraConfig(account.extraConfig);
-  if (hasOauthProvider(account.extraConfig)) {
+  if (hasOauthProvider(account)) {
     return hasCredentialValue(account.accessToken) || hasCredentialValue(account.apiToken);
   }
   if (credentialMode === 'apikey') {
@@ -173,7 +191,7 @@ export function supportsDirectAccountRoutingConnection(account: DirectAccountRou
 
 export function requiresManagedAccountTokens(account: DirectAccountRoutingInput): boolean {
   const credentialMode = getCredentialModeFromExtraConfig(account.extraConfig);
-  if (hasOauthProvider(account.extraConfig)) return false;
+  if (hasOauthProvider(account)) return false;
   if (credentialMode === 'apikey') return false;
   if (credentialMode === 'session') return true;
   if (hasCredentialValue(account.apiToken) && !hasCredentialValue(account.accessToken)) return false;
diff --git a/src/server/services/modelService.test.ts b/src/server/services/modelService.test.ts
index e88d15e..bade903 100644
--- a/src/server/services/modelService.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/modelService.test.ts
@@ -199,6 +199,59 @@ describe('rebuildTokenRoutesFromAvailability', () => {
     expect(channels[0]?.manualOverride).toBe(false);
   });
 
+  it('creates an exact route with an account-direct channel for oauth accounts stored via structured identity columns', async () => {
+    const site = await db.insert(schema.sites).values({
+      name: 'codex-site-structured',
+      url: 'https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex',
+      platform: 'codex',
+    }).returning().get();
+
+    const account = await db.insert(schema.accounts).values({
+      siteId: site.id,
+      username: 'codex-structured@example.com',
+      accessToken: 'oauth-access-token',
+      apiToken: null,
+      status: 'active',
+      oauthProvider: 'codex',
+      oauthAccountKey: 'chatgpt-account-structured-123',
+      extraConfig: JSON.stringify({
+        credentialMode: 'session',
+        oauth: {
+          email: 'codex-structured@example.com',
+          planType: 'team',
+        },
+      }),
+    }).returning().get();
+
+    await db.insert(schema.modelAvailability).values({
+      accountId: account.id,
+      modelName: 'gpt-5.2-codex',
+      available: true,
+      latencyMs: 320,
+      checkedAt: '2026-04-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+    }).run();
+
+    const rebuild = await rebuildTokenRoutesFromAvailability();
+
+    expect(rebuild.models).toBe(1);
+
+    const route = await db.select().from(schema.tokenRoutes)
+      .where(eq(schema.tokenRoutes.modelPattern, 'gpt-5.2-codex'))
+      .get();
+    expect(route).toBeDefined();
+
+    const channels = await db.select().from(schema.routeChannels)
+      .where(and(
+        eq(schema.routeChannels.routeId, route!.id),
+        eq(schema.routeChannels.accountId, account.id),
+      ))
+      .all();
+
+    expect(channels).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(channels[0]?.tokenId ?? null).toBeNull();
+    expect(channels[0]?.manualOverride).toBe(false);
+  });
+
   it('removes stale exact routes and keeps wildcard routes on rebuild', async () => {
     const site = await db.insert(schema.sites).values({
       name: 'site-1',
diff --git a/src/server/services/proxyChannelCoordinator.test.ts b/src/server/services/proxyChannelCoordinator.test.ts
index 0ef4720..dc9d237 100644
--- a/src/server/services/proxyChannelCoordinator.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/proxyChannelCoordinator.test.ts
@@ -64,6 +64,22 @@ describe('proxyChannelCoordinator', () => {
     expect(proxyChannelCoordinator.getStickyChannelId(key)).toBeNull();
   });
 
+  it('treats structured oauth providers as session-scoped even when extraConfig omits oauth.provider', () => {
+    const key = proxyChannelCoordinator.buildStickySessionKey({
+      clientKind: 'codex',
+      sessionId: 'turn-oauth-structured',
+      requestedModel: 'gpt-5.2',
+      downstreamPath: '/v1/responses',
+      downstreamApiKeyId: 9,
+    });
+
+    proxyChannelCoordinator.bindStickyChannel(key, 42, {
+      oauthProvider: 'codex',
+      extraConfig: JSON.stringify({ credentialMode: 'session' }),
+    });
+    expect(proxyChannelCoordinator.getStickyChannelId(key)).toBe(42);
+  });
+
   it('queues requests behind the active lease and grants the next waiter after release', async () => {
     const first = await proxyChannelCoordinator.acquireChannelLease({
       channelId: 11,
diff --git a/src/server/services/proxyChannelCoordinator.ts b/src/server/services/proxyChannelCoordinator.ts
index debab79..bf3be5f 100644
--- a/src/server/services/proxyChannelCoordinator.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/proxyChannelCoordinator.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,14 @@ export type AcquireProxyChannelLeaseResult =
 const stickySessionBindings = new Map<string, StickyEntry>();
 const channelRuntimeStates = new Map<number, ChannelRuntimeState>();
 let nextLeaseId = 1;
+type SessionScopedChannelInput =
+  | string
+  | null
+  | undefined
+  | {
+    extraConfig?: string | null;
+    oauthProvider?: string | null;
+  };
 
 function shouldUnrefTimer(timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | ReturnType<typeof setInterval>) {
   if (typeof (timer as { unref?: () => void }).unref === 'function') {
@@ -53,9 +61,14 @@ function cleanupExpiredStickyBindings(nowMs = Date.now()): void {
   }
 }
 
-function isSessionScopedChannel(extraConfig?: string | null): boolean {
-  return getCredentialModeFromExtraConfig(extraConfig) === 'session'
-    || hasOauthProvider(extraConfig);
+function getSessionScopedExtraConfig(input?: SessionScopedChannelInput): string | null | undefined {
+  if (typeof input === 'string' || input == null) return input;
+  return input.extraConfig;
+}
+
+function isSessionScopedChannel(input?: SessionScopedChannelInput): boolean {
+  return getCredentialModeFromExtraConfig(getSessionScopedExtraConfig(input)) === 'session'
+    || hasOauthProvider(input);
 }
 
 function getStickySessionTtlMs(): number {
@@ -74,8 +87,8 @@ function getChannelQueueWaitMs(): number {
   return Math.max(0, Math.trunc(config.proxySessionChannelQueueWaitMs || 0));
 }
 
-function getChannelConcurrencyLimit(extraConfig?: string | null): number {
-  if (!isSessionScopedChannel(extraConfig)) return 0;
+function getChannelConcurrencyLimit(input?: SessionScopedChannelInput): number {
+  if (!isSessionScopedChannel(input)) return 0;
   return Math.max(0, Math.trunc(config.proxySessionChannelConcurrencyLimit || 0));
 }
 
@@ -141,9 +154,9 @@ class ProxyChannelCoordinator {
     return entry.channelId;
   }
 
-  bindStickyChannel(stickySessionKey: string | null | undefined, channelId: number, extraConfig?: string | null): void {
+  bindStickyChannel(stickySessionKey: string | null | undefined, channelId: number, accountIdentity?: SessionScopedChannelInput): void {
     if (!config.proxyStickySessionEnabled) return;
-    if (!isSessionScopedChannel(extraConfig)) return;
+    if (!isSessionScopedChannel(accountIdentity)) return;
     const normalizedKey = String(stickySessionKey || '').trim();
     if (!normalizedKey || !Number.isFinite(channelId) || channelId <= 0) return;
     cleanupExpiredStickyBindings();
@@ -167,6 +180,7 @@ class ProxyChannelCoordinator {
   async acquireChannelLease(input: {
     channelId: number;
     accountExtraConfig?: string | null;
+    accountOauthProvider?: string | null;
   }): Promise<AcquireProxyChannelLeaseResult> {
     const channelId = Math.trunc(input.channelId || 0);
     if (channelId <= 0) {
@@ -176,7 +190,10 @@ class ProxyChannelCoordinator {
       };
     }
 
-    const concurrencyLimit = getChannelConcurrencyLimit(input.accountExtraConfig);
+    const concurrencyLimit = getChannelConcurrencyLimit({
+      extraConfig: input.accountExtraConfig,
+      oauthProvider: input.accountOauthProvider,
+    });
     if (concurrencyLimit <= 0) {
       return {
         status: 'acquired',
@@ -288,8 +305,8 @@ export function resetProxyChannelCoordinatorState(): void {
   nextLeaseId = 1;
 }
 
-export function isProxyChannelSessionScoped(extraConfig?: string | null): boolean {
-  return isSessionScopedChannel(extraConfig);
+export function isProxyChannelSessionScoped(input?: SessionScopedChannelInput): boolean {
+  return isSessionScopedChannel(input);
 }
 
 export const proxyChannelCoordinator = new ProxyChannelCoordinator();