diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/Channels.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/Channels.tsx
index 242a46d..18eab00 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Channels.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Channels.tsx
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
 import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label'
 import { Select } from '@/components/ui/select'
 import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
+import { Checkbox } from '@/components/ui/checkbox'
 import { useToast } from '@/components/ui/use-toast'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'
 import {
@@ -41,21 +42,61 @@ const channelTypes = [
   { value: 'azure-openai-responses', label: 'Azure OpenAI Responses' },
 ]
 
+const createDefaultChannelFormData = (): ChannelConfig => ({
+  name: '',
+  type: 'azure-openai',
+  endpoint: '',
+  api_keys: [],
+  auto_retry: true,
+  auto_rotate: true,
+  supported_models: [],
+  deployment_mapper: {},
+})
+
+const parseApiKeys = (value: string): string[] => {
+  const seen = new Set<string>()
+
+  return value
+    .split('\n')
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .filter((line) => line.length > 0)
+    .filter((line) => {
+      if (seen.has(line)) {
+        return false
+      }
+      seen.add(line)
+      return true
+    })
+}
+
+const formatApiKeys = (apiKeys?: string[]): string => {
+  return (apiKeys || []).join('\n')
+}
+
+const normalizeChannelFormConfig = (config: ChannelConfig): ChannelConfig => {
+  const legacyApiKey = typeof config.api_key === 'string' ? config.api_key.trim() : ''
+  const rawApiKeys = Array.isArray(config.api_keys) ? config.api_keys : []
+  const mergedKeys = parseApiKeys([legacyApiKey, ...rawApiKeys].join('\n'))
+
+  return {
+    ...config,
+    api_key: undefined,
+    api_keys: mergedKeys,
+    auto_retry: config.auto_retry ?? true,
+    auto_rotate: config.auto_rotate ?? true,
+    supported_models: Array.isArray(config.supported_models) ? config.supported_models : [],
+    deployment_mapper: config.deployment_mapper || {},
+  }
+}
+
 export function Channels() {
   const [view, setView] = useState<'list' | 'form'>('list')
   const [editMode, setEditMode] = useState<EditMode>('form')
   const [editingKey, setEditingKey] = useState<string | null>(null)
-  const [formData, setFormData] = useState<ChannelConfig>({
-    name: '',
-    type: 'azure-openai',
-    endpoint: '',
-    api_key: '',
-    api_version: '',
-    supported_models: [],
-    deployment_mapper: {},
-  })
+  const [formData, setFormData] = useState<ChannelConfig>(createDefaultChannelFormData())
   const [channelKey, setChannelKey] = useState('')
   const [jsonValue, setJsonValue] = useState('')
+  const [apiKeysInput, setApiKeysInput] = useState('')
   const [supportedModelRows, setSupportedModelRows] = useState<Array<{ model: string }>>([])
   const [mapperRows, setMapperRows] = useState<Array<{ request: string; deployment: string }>>([])
   const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState('')
@@ -107,17 +148,10 @@ export function Channels() {
   })
 
   const resetForm = () => {
-    setFormData({
-      name: '',
-      type: 'azure-openai',
-      endpoint: '',
-      api_key: '',
-      api_version: '',
-      supported_models: [],
-      deployment_mapper: {},
-    })
+    setFormData(createDefaultChannelFormData())
     setChannelKey('')
     setJsonValue('')
+    setApiKeysInput('')
     setSupportedModelRows([])
     setMapperRows([])
     setEditingKey(null)
@@ -132,18 +166,17 @@ export function Channels() {
   const handleEdit = (channel: Channel) => {
     setEditingKey(channel.key)
     setChannelKey(channel.key)
-    const config = typeof channel.value === 'string' ? JSON.parse(channel.value) : channel.value
+    const rawConfig = typeof channel.value === 'string' ? JSON.parse(channel.value) : channel.value
+    const config = normalizeChannelFormConfig(rawConfig)
     setFormData(config)
     setJsonValue(JSON.stringify(config, null, 2))
+    setApiKeysInput(formatApiKeys(config.api_keys))
     setSupportedModelRows((config.supported_models || []).map((model) => ({ model })))
-
-    if (config.deployment_mapper) {
-      const rows = Object.entries(config.deployment_mapper).map(([request, deployment]) => ({
-        request,
-        deployment: deployment as string,
-      }))
-      setMapperRows(rows)
-    }
+    const rows = Object.entries(config.deployment_mapper || {}).map(([request, deployment]) => ({
+      request,
+      deployment: deployment as string,
+    }))
+    setMapperRows(rows)
     setView('form')
   }
 
@@ -159,13 +192,7 @@ export function Channels() {
       return
     }
 
-    let config: any
-    if (editMode === 'form') {
-      if (!formData.name || !formData.endpoint || !formData.api_key) {
-        addToast('请填写所有必填字段', 'error')
-        return
-      }
-
+    const buildFormConfig = () => {
       const deployment_mapper: Record<string, string> = {}
       mapperRows.forEach((row) => {
         if (row.request && row.deployment) {
@@ -177,18 +204,36 @@ export function Channels() {
         .map((row) => row.model.trim())
         .filter((model) => model.length > 0)
 
-      if (supported_models.length === 0) {
+      return normalizeChannelFormConfig({
+        ...formData,
+        api_key: undefined,
+        api_keys: parseApiKeys(apiKeysInput),
+        supported_models,
+        deployment_mapper,
+      })
+    }
+
+    let config: any
+    if (editMode === 'form') {
+      const apiKeys = parseApiKeys(apiKeysInput)
+      const supportedModels = supportedModelRows
+        .map((row) => row.model.trim())
+        .filter((model) => model.length > 0)
+
+      if (!formData.name || !formData.endpoint || apiKeys.length === 0) {
+        addToast('请填写所有必填字段', 'error')
+        return
+      }
+
+      if (supportedModels.length === 0) {
         addToast('请至少填写一个支持模型', 'error')
         return
       }
 
-      config = { ...formData, supported_models, deployment_mapper }
-      if (!formData.api_version) {
-        delete config.api_version
-      }
+      config = buildFormConfig()
     } else {
       try {
-        config = JSON.parse(jsonValue)
+        config = normalizeChannelFormConfig(JSON.parse(jsonValue))
       } catch {
         addToast('JSON格式错误', 'error')
         return
@@ -209,21 +254,26 @@ export function Channels() {
       const supported_models = supportedModelRows
         .map((row) => row.model.trim())
         .filter((model) => model.length > 0)
-      const config = { ...formData, supported_models, deployment_mapper }
+      const config = normalizeChannelFormConfig({
+        ...formData,
+        api_key: undefined,
+        api_keys: parseApiKeys(apiKeysInput),
+        supported_models,
+        deployment_mapper,
+      })
       setJsonValue(JSON.stringify(config, null, 2))
       setEditMode('json')
     } else {
       try {
-        const config = JSON.parse(jsonValue)
+        const config = normalizeChannelFormConfig(JSON.parse(jsonValue))
         setFormData(config)
+        setApiKeysInput(formatApiKeys(config.api_keys))
         setSupportedModelRows((config.supported_models || []).map((model: string) => ({ model })))
-        if (config.deployment_mapper) {
-          const rows = Object.entries(config.deployment_mapper).map(([request, deployment]) => ({
-            request,
-            deployment: deployment as string,
-          }))
-          setMapperRows(rows)
-        }
+        const rows = Object.entries(config.deployment_mapper || {}).map(([request, deployment]) => ({
+          request,
+          deployment: deployment as string,
+        }))
+        setMapperRows(rows)
         setEditMode('form')
       } catch {
         addToast('JSON格式错误', 'error')
@@ -514,26 +564,45 @@ export function Channels() {
                       placeholder="https://your-resource.openai.azure.com/"
                     />
                   </div>
-                  <div className="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4">
-                    <div className="space-y-2">
-                      <Label className="text-sm">API 密钥 <span className="text-destructive">*</span></Label>
-                      <Input
-                        type="password"
-                        value={formData.api_key}
-                        onChange={(e) => setFormData({ ...formData, api_key: e.target.value })}
-                        placeholder="sk-..."
+                  <div className="space-y-2">
+                    <Label className="text-sm">API 密钥 <span className="text-destructive">*</span></Label>
+                    <Textarea
+                      value={apiKeysInput}
+                      onChange={(e) => {
+                        setApiKeysInput(e.target.value)
+                        setFormData({ ...formData, api_keys: parseApiKeys(e.target.value) })
+                      }}
+                      placeholder={'sk-xxx\nsk-yyy'}
+                      rows={5}
+                      className="font-mono text-sm"
+                    />
+                    <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      可配置多个密钥，每行一个，请求会随机选取一个密钥发起调用。
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3">
+                    <label className="flex items-start gap-3 p-4 rounded-lg border bg-muted/30 cursor-pointer">
+                      <Checkbox
+                        className="mt-0.5"
+                        checked={formData.auto_retry ?? true}
+                        onCheckedChange={(checked) => setFormData({ ...formData, auto_retry: checked })}
                       />
-                    </div>
-                    {(formData.type === 'azure-openai' || formData.type === 'azure-openai-audio' || formData.type === 'claude' || formData.type === 'azure-openai-responses') && (
-                      <div className="space-y-2">
-                        <Label className="text-sm">API 版本</Label>
-                        <Input
-                          value={formData.api_version || ''}
-                          onChange={(e) => setFormData({ ...formData, api_version: e.target.value })}
-                          placeholder="2024-02-01"
-                        />
+                      <div>
+                        <div className="text-sm font-medium">自动重试</div>
+                        <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">单个密钥遇可重试错误时，自动重试 x3</p>
                       </div>
-                    )}
+                    </label>
+                    <label className="flex items-start gap-3 p-4 rounded-lg border bg-muted/30 cursor-pointer">
+                      <Checkbox
+                        className="mt-0.5"
+                        checked={formData.auto_rotate ?? true}
+                        onCheckedChange={(checked) => setFormData({ ...formData, auto_rotate: checked })}
+                      />
+                      <div>
+                        <div className="text-sm font-medium">自动轮换</div>
+                        <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">单个密钥多次失败后，自动轮换密钥 x3</p>
+                      </div>
+                    </label>
                   </div>
                 </div>
               </CardContent>
@@ -658,7 +727,7 @@ export function Channels() {
                 onChange={(e) => setJsonValue(e.target.value)}
                 rows={18}
                 className="font-mono text-sm"
-                placeholder='{"name": "Azure OpenAI", "type": "azure-openai", ...}'
+                placeholder='{"name":"Azure OpenAI","type":"azure-openai","endpoint":"https://example.openai.azure.com/","api_keys":["sk-1","sk-2"],"auto_retry":true,"auto_rotate":true}'
               />
             </CardContent>
           </Card>
diff --git a/frontend/src/types/index.ts b/frontend/src/types/index.ts
index 52bf55a..800320a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/types/index.ts
@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@ export interface ChannelConfig {
   name: string
   type: 'openai' | 'azure-openai' | 'openai-audio' | 'azure-openai-audio' | 'claude' | 'claude-to-openai' | 'openai-responses' | 'azure-openai-responses'
   endpoint: string
-  api_key: string
-  api_version?: string
+  api_key?: string
+  api_keys?: string[]
+  auto_retry?: boolean
+  auto_rotate?: boolean
   supported_models: string[]
   deployment_mapper: Record<string, string>
+  model_pricing?: Record<string, PricingModel>
 }
 
 export interface Token {
diff --git a/src/admin/channel_api.ts b/src/admin/channel_api.ts
index d5f29af..2e46818 100644
--- a/src/admin/channel_api.ts
+++ b/src/admin/channel_api.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { contentJson, OpenAPIRoute } from 'chanfana';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import { CommonErrorResponse, CommonSuccessfulResponse } from "../model";
+import { sanitizeChannelConfig } from "../channel-config";
 
 // 获取所有 Channel 配置
 export class ChannelGetEndpoint extends OpenAPIRoute {
@@ -48,8 +49,10 @@ export class ChannelUpsertEndpoint extends OpenAPIRoute {
                             name: z.string().describe('Channel name'),
                             type: z.string().describe('Channel type'),
                             endpoint: z.string().describe('API endpoint'),
-                            api_key: z.string().describe('API key'),
-                            api_version: z.string().optional().describe('API version'),
+                            api_key: z.string().optional().describe('Deprecated single API key'),
+                            api_keys: z.array(z.string()).optional().describe('API keys, one request will pick one randomly'),
+                            auto_retry: z.boolean().optional().describe('Automatically retry the same API key'),
+                            auto_rotate: z.boolean().optional().describe('Automatically rotate to other API keys on retryable failures'),
                             supported_models: z.array(z.string()).describe('Supported request model list'),
                             deployment_mapper: z.record(z.string()).describe('Model deployment mapping'),
                             model_pricing: z.record(z.object({
@@ -71,7 +74,16 @@ export class ChannelUpsertEndpoint extends OpenAPIRoute {
 
     async handle(c: Context<HonoCustomType>) {
         const { key } = c.req.param();
-        const config = await c.req.json<ChannelConfig>();
+        const rawConfig = await c.req.json<ChannelConfig>();
+        const config = sanitizeChannelConfig(rawConfig);
+
+        if (!config.name || !config.endpoint) {
+            return c.text('Channel name and endpoint are required', 400);
+        }
+
+        if (!config.api_keys || config.api_keys.length === 0) {
+            return c.text('At least one API key is required', 400);
+        }
 
         // Upsert channel config directly using SQL
         // excluded.value 指的是 INSERT 语句中要插入的新值
diff --git a/src/channel-config.ts b/src/channel-config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d05d56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/channel-config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+export const DEFAULT_CHANNEL_AUTO_RETRY = true;
+export const DEFAULT_CHANNEL_AUTO_ROTATE = true;
+export const DEFAULT_CLAUDE_API_VERSION = "2023-06-01";
+export const MAX_RETRIES_PER_KEY = 3;
+export const MAX_ROTATION_ATTEMPTS = 3;
+
+export type NormalizedChannelConfig = Omit<ChannelConfig, "api_keys" | "auto_retry" | "auto_rotate"> & {
+    api_keys: string[];
+    auto_retry: boolean;
+    auto_rotate: boolean;
+};
+
+const normalizeApiKeys = (config: Partial<ChannelConfig>): string[] => {
+    const rawKeys = Array.isArray(config.api_keys)
+        ? [...config.api_keys]
+        : [];
+
+    if (typeof config.api_key === "string") {
+        rawKeys.unshift(config.api_key);
+    }
+
+    const normalizedKeys: string[] = [];
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+
+    for (const key of rawKeys) {
+        const trimmedKey = typeof key === "string" ? key.trim() : "";
+        if (!trimmedKey || seen.has(trimmedKey)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        seen.add(trimmedKey);
+        normalizedKeys.push(trimmedKey);
+    }
+
+    return normalizedKeys;
+};
+
+export const normalizeChannelConfig = (
+    config: Partial<ChannelConfig>
+): NormalizedChannelConfig => {
+    return {
+        name: config.name || "",
+        type: config.type,
+        endpoint: config.endpoint || "",
+        api_key: typeof config.api_key === "string" ? config.api_key.trim() : undefined,
+        api_keys: normalizeApiKeys(config),
+        auto_retry: config.auto_retry ?? DEFAULT_CHANNEL_AUTO_RETRY,
+        auto_rotate: config.auto_rotate ?? DEFAULT_CHANNEL_AUTO_ROTATE,
+        supported_models: Array.isArray(config.supported_models) ? config.supported_models : [],
+        deployment_mapper: config.deployment_mapper || {},
+        model_pricing: config.model_pricing,
+    };
+};
+
+export const sanitizeChannelConfig = (
+    config: Partial<ChannelConfig>
+): ChannelConfig => {
+    const normalized = normalizeChannelConfig(config);
+
+    return {
+        name: normalized.name,
+        type: normalized.type,
+        endpoint: normalized.endpoint,
+        api_keys: normalized.api_keys,
+        auto_retry: normalized.auto_retry,
+        auto_rotate: normalized.auto_rotate,
+        supported_models: normalized.supported_models,
+        deployment_mapper: normalized.deployment_mapper,
+        model_pricing: normalized.model_pricing,
+    };
+};
diff --git a/src/providers/azure-openai-proxy.ts b/src/providers/azure-openai-proxy.ts
index e0a09e5..b3a7850 100644
--- a/src/providers/azure-openai-proxy.ts
+++ b/src/providers/azure-openai-proxy.ts
@@ -1,31 +1,20 @@
 import { Context } from "hono"
 import { checkoutUsageData, handleStreamResponse } from "./shared/openai-stream-utils"
+import { buildAzureTargetUrl } from "./shared/azure-target-url"
 
 const buildProxyRequest = (
     request: Request,
     reqJson: any,
-    config: ChannelConfig,
-    deploymentName: string
+    config: ChannelConfig
 ): Request => {
-    const url = new URL(request.url)
-    const targetUrl = new URL(config.endpoint)
-
-    if (!config.endpoint.endsWith('#')) {
-        const basePath = targetUrl.pathname.endsWith('/')
-            ? targetUrl.pathname.slice(0, -1)
-            : targetUrl.pathname
-        targetUrl.pathname = `${basePath}/openai/deployments/${deploymentName}/${url.pathname.replace('/v1/', '')}`
-    }
-
-    if (config.api_version) {
-        targetUrl.searchParams.set('api-version', config.api_version)
-    }
+    const targetUrl = buildAzureTargetUrl(request, config.endpoint)
+    const apiKey = config.api_key || ""
 
     const targetHeaders = new Headers(request.headers)
     targetHeaders.delete("Authorization")
     targetHeaders.delete("Host")
     targetHeaders.delete("Cookie")
-    targetHeaders.set("api-key", config.api_key)
+    targetHeaders.set("api-key", apiKey)
 
     return new Request(targetUrl, {
         method: request.method,
@@ -41,7 +30,7 @@ export default {
         requestBody: any,
         saveUsage: (usage: Usage) => Promise<void>,
     ): Promise<Response> {
-        const { model: deploymentName, stream } = requestBody;
+        const { stream } = requestBody;
 
         if (stream) {
             requestBody.stream_options = {
@@ -50,7 +39,7 @@ export default {
             }
         }
 
-        const proxyRequest = buildProxyRequest(c.req.raw, requestBody, config, deploymentName)
+        const proxyRequest = buildProxyRequest(c.req.raw, requestBody, config)
         const response = await fetch(proxyRequest)
 
         if (stream) {
diff --git a/src/providers/azure-openai-responses-proxy.ts b/src/providers/azure-openai-responses-proxy.ts
index f8fc814..6e45cff 100644
--- a/src/providers/azure-openai-responses-proxy.ts
+++ b/src/providers/azure-openai-responses-proxy.ts
@@ -3,28 +3,21 @@ import {
     handleStreamResponse,
     checkoutResponsesUsageData,
 } from "./shared/responses-stream-utils"
+import { buildAzureTargetUrl } from "./shared/azure-target-url"
 
 const buildProxyRequest = (
     request: Request,
     reqJson: any,
     config: ChannelConfig
 ): Request => {
-    const url = new URL(request.url)
-    const targetUrl = new URL(config.endpoint)
-
-    if (!config.endpoint.endsWith('#')) {
-        targetUrl.pathname = `/openai${url.pathname}`
-    }
-
-    if (config.api_version) {
-        targetUrl.searchParams.set('api-version', config.api_version)
-    }
+    const targetUrl = buildAzureTargetUrl(request, config.endpoint)
+    const apiKey = config.api_key || ""
 
     const targetHeaders = new Headers(request.headers)
     targetHeaders.delete("Authorization")
     targetHeaders.delete("Host")
     targetHeaders.delete("Cookie")
-    targetHeaders.set("api-key", config.api_key)
+    targetHeaders.set("api-key", apiKey)
 
     return new Request(targetUrl, {
         method: request.method,
diff --git a/src/providers/claude-proxy.ts b/src/providers/claude-proxy.ts
index cda43ff..8da79f1 100644
--- a/src/providers/claude-proxy.ts
+++ b/src/providers/claude-proxy.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Context } from "hono"
+import { DEFAULT_CLAUDE_API_VERSION } from "../channel-config"
 
 /**
  * Claude API Proxy Provider
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ const buildProxyRequest = (
 ): Request => {
     const url = new URL(request.url)
     const targetUrl = new URL(config.endpoint)
+    const apiKey = config.api_key || ""
 
     // Claude API uses /v1/messages endpoint
     targetUrl.pathname = url.pathname
@@ -66,11 +68,9 @@ const buildProxyRequest = (
     targetHeaders.delete("x-api-key")
 
     // Claude uses x-api-key header instead of Authorization
-    targetHeaders.set("x-api-key", config.api_key)
+    targetHeaders.set("x-api-key", apiKey)
     // Claude requires anthropic-version header
-    if (config.api_version) {
-        targetHeaders.set("anthropic-version", config.api_version)
-    }
+    targetHeaders.set("anthropic-version", DEFAULT_CLAUDE_API_VERSION)
 
     return new Request(targetUrl, {
         method: request.method,
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ const checkoutUsageData = async (
 ): Promise<void> => {
     try {
         const res = response instanceof Response
-            ? await response.clone().json<ClaudeMessageResponse>()
+            ? await response.clone().json() as ClaudeMessageResponse
             : response
 
         if (!res.usage) return;
diff --git a/src/providers/claude-to-openai-proxy.ts b/src/providers/claude-to-openai-proxy.ts
index 490b1ad..0b801eb 100644
--- a/src/providers/claude-to-openai-proxy.ts
+++ b/src/providers/claude-to-openai-proxy.ts
@@ -80,10 +80,11 @@ const buildProxyRequest = (
 ): Request => {
     const targetUrl = new URL("v1/chat/completions", config.endpoint);
     const targetHeaders = new Headers(request.headers);
+    const apiKey = config.api_key || "";
 
     targetHeaders.delete("Authorization");
     targetHeaders.delete("x-api-key");
-    targetHeaders.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${config.api_key}`);
+    targetHeaders.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${apiKey}`);
 
     return new Request(targetUrl, {
         method: request.method,
@@ -564,7 +565,7 @@ export default {
 
         if (response.ok) {
             try {
-                const resJson = await response.clone().json<OpenAIResponse & Record<string, any>>();
+                const resJson = await response.clone().json() as OpenAIResponse & Record<string, any>;
                 const usage = normalizeResponsesUsage(resJson?.usage);
                 if (usage) {
                     await saveUsage(usage);
diff --git a/src/providers/index.ts b/src/providers/index.ts
index 5f1c2ed..dbe65da 100644
--- a/src/providers/index.ts
+++ b/src/providers/index.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import db from "../db"
 import { resolveRouteId } from "./shared/route-policy"
 import { resolveChannel } from "./shared/channel-resolver"
 import { getProvider } from "./shared/provider-registry"
+import { executeWithChannelKeys } from "./shared/upstream-retry"
 import { ModelsEndpoint } from "./models"
 
 export const api = fromHono(new Hono<HonoCustomType>())
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class UnifiedProxyEndpoint extends OpenAPIRoute {
             return c.text("Channel type not supported", 400)
         }
 
-        return provider(c, channel.config, requestBody, saveUsage)
+        return executeWithChannelKeys(c, channel.config, requestBody, saveUsage, provider)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/providers/models.ts b/src/providers/models.ts
index 772ebf2..45116ab 100644
--- a/src/providers/models.ts
+++ b/src/providers/models.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { OpenAPIRoute } from "chanfana";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import { getApiKeyFromHeaders, fetchTokenData, fetchChannelsForToken } from "./shared/auth";
 import { getSupportedModels } from "../utils";
+import { normalizeChannelConfig } from "../channel-config";
 
 export class ModelsEndpoint extends OpenAPIRoute {
     schema = {
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ export class ModelsEndpoint extends OpenAPIRoute {
         const modelsSet = new Set<string>();
 
         for (const row of channelsResult.results) {
-            const config = JSON.parse(row.value) as ChannelConfig;
+            const config = normalizeChannelConfig(JSON.parse(row.value) as ChannelConfig);
             for (const modelName of getSupportedModels(config)) {
                 modelsSet.add(modelName);
             }
diff --git a/src/providers/openai-proxy.ts b/src/providers/openai-proxy.ts
index 2bf76ba..99b15a2 100644
--- a/src/providers/openai-proxy.ts
+++ b/src/providers/openai-proxy.ts
@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ const buildProxyRequest = (
 ): Request => {
     const url = new URL(request.url)
     const targetUrl = new URL(config.endpoint)
+    const apiKey = config.api_key || ""
 
     targetUrl.pathname = url.pathname
 
     const targetHeaders = new Headers(request.headers)
     targetHeaders.delete("Host")
     targetHeaders.delete("Cookie")
-    targetHeaders.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${config.api_key}`)
+    targetHeaders.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${apiKey}`)
 
     return new Request(targetUrl, {
         method: request.method,
diff --git a/src/providers/openai-responses-proxy.ts b/src/providers/openai-responses-proxy.ts
index c663002..f5351e3 100644
--- a/src/providers/openai-responses-proxy.ts
+++ b/src/providers/openai-responses-proxy.ts
@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ const buildProxyRequest = (
 ): Request => {
     const url = new URL(request.url)
     const targetUrl = new URL(config.endpoint)
+    const apiKey = config.api_key || ""
 
     targetUrl.pathname = url.pathname
 
     const targetHeaders = new Headers(request.headers)
     targetHeaders.delete("Host")
     targetHeaders.delete("Cookie")
-    targetHeaders.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${config.api_key}`)
+    targetHeaders.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${apiKey}`)
 
     return new Request(targetUrl, {
         method: request.method,
diff --git a/src/providers/shared/azure-target-url.ts b/src/providers/shared/azure-target-url.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b09d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/providers/shared/azure-target-url.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+const trimSlashes = (value: string): string => {
+    return value.replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, "");
+};
+
+const joinPath = (...segments: string[]): string => {
+    const cleanedSegments = segments
+        .map((segment) => trimSlashes(segment))
+        .filter((segment) => segment.length > 0);
+
+    return `/${cleanedSegments.join("/")}`;
+};
+
+export const buildAzureTargetUrl = (
+    request: Request,
+    endpoint: string
+): URL => {
+    const requestUrl = new URL(request.url);
+    const targetUrl = new URL(endpoint);
+
+    if (endpoint.endsWith("#")) {
+        return targetUrl;
+    }
+
+    const requestPath = requestUrl.pathname.replace(/^\/v1/, "");
+    const currentBasePath = trimSlashes(targetUrl.pathname);
+    const azureBasePath = currentBasePath.endsWith("openai/v1")
+        ? currentBasePath
+        : joinPath(currentBasePath, "openai/v1");
+
+    targetUrl.pathname = joinPath(azureBasePath, requestPath);
+
+    return targetUrl;
+};
diff --git a/src/providers/shared/channel-resolver.ts b/src/providers/shared/channel-resolver.ts
index e2cc59b..29efd31 100644
--- a/src/providers/shared/channel-resolver.ts
+++ b/src/providers/shared/channel-resolver.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { getApiKeyFromHeaders, fetchTokenData, fetchChannelsForToken } from "./a
 import { RouteId, getRoutePolicy } from "./route-policy"
 import { findDeploymentMapping, findSupportedModel, getSupportedModels } from "../../utils"
 import { TokenUtils } from "../../admin/token_utils"
+import { normalizeChannelConfig } from "../../channel-config"
 
 export type ChannelResolution = {
     channel: { key: string; config: ChannelConfig }
@@ -53,7 +54,13 @@ export const resolveChannel = async (
     const availableChannels: Array<{ key: string, config: ChannelConfig, mapping: { pattern: string, deployment: string } }> = [];
 
     for (const row of channelsResult.results) {
-        const config = (() => { try { return JSON.parse(row.value) as ChannelConfig; } catch { return null; } })();
+        const config = (() => {
+            try {
+                return normalizeChannelConfig(JSON.parse(row.value) as ChannelConfig);
+            } catch {
+                return null;
+            }
+        })();
         if (!config) {
             console.error(`Invalid channel config for key: ${row.key}`);
             continue;
diff --git a/src/providers/shared/openai-stream-utils.ts b/src/providers/shared/openai-stream-utils.ts
index 9dc9ae5..afa1d76 100644
--- a/src/providers/shared/openai-stream-utils.ts
+++ b/src/providers/shared/openai-stream-utils.ts
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ export const checkoutUsageData = async (
                 return
             }
 
-            const res = await response.clone().json<OpenAIResponse>()
+            const res = await response.clone().json() as OpenAIResponse
             if (!res.usage) return;
             await saveUsage(res.usage)
             return
diff --git a/src/providers/shared/provider-registry.ts b/src/providers/shared/provider-registry.ts
index 22775ec..b8b64ae 100644
--- a/src/providers/shared/provider-registry.ts
+++ b/src/providers/shared/provider-registry.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import claudeToOpenaiProxy from "../claude-to-openai-proxy"
 import openaiResponsesProxy from "../openai-responses-proxy"
 import azureOpenaiResponsesProxy from "../azure-openai-responses-proxy"
 
-type ProviderFetch = (
+export type ProviderFetch = (
     c: Context<HonoCustomType>,
     config: ChannelConfig,
     requestBody: any,
diff --git a/src/providers/shared/responses-stream-utils.ts b/src/providers/shared/responses-stream-utils.ts
index fe1586a..88f25fa 100644
--- a/src/providers/shared/responses-stream-utils.ts
+++ b/src/providers/shared/responses-stream-utils.ts
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export const checkoutResponsesUsageData = async (
     requestBody: any,
 ): Promise<void> => {
     try {
-        const resJson = await response.clone().json<OpenAIResponsesResponse>()
+        const resJson = await response.clone().json() as OpenAIResponsesResponse
         const usage = extractUsageFromResponse(resJson)
         if (usage) {
             await saveUsage(usage)
diff --git a/src/providers/shared/upstream-retry.ts b/src/providers/shared/upstream-retry.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d359518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/providers/shared/upstream-retry.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import { Context } from "hono";
+
+import {
+    MAX_RETRIES_PER_KEY,
+    MAX_ROTATION_ATTEMPTS,
+    normalizeChannelConfig,
+} from "../../channel-config";
+import { ProviderFetch } from "./provider-registry";
+
+const RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES = new Set([401, 403, 408, 409, 429, 500, 502, 503, 504, 529]);
+
+const shuffleKeys = (keys: string[]): string[] => {
+    const clonedKeys = [...keys];
+
+    for (let index = clonedKeys.length - 1; index > 0; index -= 1) {
+        const randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * (index + 1));
+        [clonedKeys[index], clonedKeys[randomIndex]] = [clonedKeys[randomIndex], clonedKeys[index]];
+    }
+
+    return clonedKeys;
+};
+
+const cloneRequestBody = <T>(requestBody: T): T => {
+    if (requestBody == null) {
+        return requestBody;
+    }
+
+    return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(requestBody)) as T;
+};
+
+const shouldRetryResponse = (response: Response): boolean => {
+    return RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES.has(response.status);
+};
+
+const discardResponse = async (response: Response): Promise<void> => {
+    try {
+        await response.body?.cancel();
+    } catch (error) {
+        console.warn("Failed to cancel upstream response body:", error);
+    }
+};
+
+const getCandidateKeys = (config: ChannelConfig): string[] => {
+    const normalized = normalizeChannelConfig(config);
+    const shuffledKeys = shuffleKeys(normalized.api_keys);
+
+    if (!normalized.auto_rotate) {
+        return shuffledKeys.slice(0, 1);
+    }
+
+    return shuffledKeys.slice(0, Math.min(shuffledKeys.length, 1 + MAX_ROTATION_ATTEMPTS));
+};
+
+export const executeWithChannelKeys = async (
+    c: Context<HonoCustomType>,
+    config: ChannelConfig,
+    requestBody: any,
+    saveUsage: (usage: Usage) => Promise<void>,
+    provider: ProviderFetch,
+): Promise<Response> => {
+    const normalizedConfig = normalizeChannelConfig(config);
+    const candidateKeys = getCandidateKeys(normalizedConfig);
+
+    if (candidateKeys.length === 0) {
+        return c.text("Channel API keys not configured", 500);
+    }
+
+    const attemptsPerKey = normalizedConfig.auto_retry
+        ? 1 + MAX_RETRIES_PER_KEY
+        : 1;
+
+    for (let keyIndex = 0; keyIndex < candidateKeys.length; keyIndex += 1) {
+        const currentKey = candidateKeys[keyIndex];
+
+        for (let attemptIndex = 0; attemptIndex < attemptsPerKey; attemptIndex += 1) {
+            const isLastAttemptForKey = attemptIndex === attemptsPerKey - 1;
+            const isLastKey = keyIndex === candidateKeys.length - 1;
+
+            try {
+                const runtimeConfig: ChannelConfig = {
+                    ...normalizedConfig,
+                    api_key: currentKey,
+                    api_keys: [currentKey],
+                };
+
+                const response = await provider(
+                    c,
+                    runtimeConfig,
+                    cloneRequestBody(requestBody),
+                    saveUsage,
+                );
+
+                if (response.ok) {
+                    return response;
+                }
+
+                if (!shouldRetryResponse(response)) {
+                    return response;
+                }
+
+                console.warn(
+                    `Retryable upstream failure for channel "${normalizedConfig.name || "unknown"}", `
+                    + `key ${keyIndex + 1}/${candidateKeys.length}, `
+                    + `attempt ${attemptIndex + 1}/${attemptsPerKey}, `
+                    + `status ${response.status}`
+                );
+
+                if (isLastAttemptForKey && isLastKey) {
+                    return response;
+                }
+
+                await discardResponse(response);
+            } catch (error) {
+                console.error(
+                    `Upstream request error for channel "${normalizedConfig.name || "unknown"}", `
+                    + `key ${keyIndex + 1}/${candidateKeys.length}, `
+                    + `attempt ${attemptIndex + 1}/${attemptsPerKey}`,
+                    error
+                );
+
+                if (isLastAttemptForKey && isLastKey) {
+                    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Unknown upstream error";
+                    return c.text(`Upstream request failed: ${message}`, 502);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return c.text("Upstream request failed after retries", 502);
+};
diff --git a/type.d.ts b/type.d.ts
index 9f1944a..6383bbc 100644
--- a/type.d.ts
+++ b/type.d.ts
@@ -49,8 +49,10 @@ type ChannelConfig = {
     name: string;
     type: ChannelType;
     endpoint: string;
-    api_key: string;
-    api_version?: string;
+    api_key?: string;
+    api_keys?: string[];
+    auto_retry?: boolean;
+    auto_rotate?: boolean;
     supported_models?: string[];
     deployment_mapper: Record<string, string>;
     model_pricing?: Record<string, ModelPricing>;