diff --git a/locales/editor.yml b/locales/editor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9fbe91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/locales/editor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+_version: 2
+
+# The editor tab: its toolbar, status line text, and the questions about
+# saving, reloading and closing.
+
+editor.status.cursor:
+  zh-CN: 行 %{line}，列 %{column}
+  en: Ln %{line}, Col %{column}
+
+editor.state.saving:
+  zh-CN: 正在保存…
+  en: Saving…
+editor.state.reloading:
+  zh-CN: 正在重新加载…
+  en: Reloading…
+editor.state.modified:
+  zh-CN: 已修改
+  en: Modified
+
+editor.command.reload:
+  zh-CN: 重新加载
+  en: Reload
+editor.command.copy_path:
+  zh-CN: 复制路径
+  en: Copy path
+editor.text_label:
+  zh-CN: 编辑 %{name}
+  en: Edit %{name}
+
+editor.reload.title:
+  zh-CN: 放弃对“%{name}”的修改并重新加载？
+  en: Discard changes to “%{name}” and reload?
+editor.reload.description:
+  zh-CN: 编辑器里没有保存的修改会丢失。
+  en: Changes not saved in the editor will be lost.
+editor.reload.failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法重新加载“%{name}”
+  en: Couldn’t reload “%{name}”
+
+editor.changed.title:
+  zh-CN: “%{name}”在打开后已被修改
+  en: “%{name}” changed after it was opened
+editor.changed.remote:
+  zh-CN: 服务器上的这个文件在你打开或上次保存之后被改过或删除了。覆盖会用编辑器里的内容替换它。
+  en: This file on the server was changed or deleted after you opened or last saved it. Overwriting replaces it with what’s in the editor.
+editor.changed.local:
+  zh-CN: 本机上的这个文件在你打开或上次保存之后被改过或删除了。覆盖会用编辑器里的内容替换它。
+  en: This file on this computer was changed or deleted after you opened or last saved it. Overwriting replaces it with what’s in the editor.
+editor.changed.overwrite:
+  zh-CN: 覆盖
+  en: Overwrite
+
+editor.save.interrupted:
+  zh-CN: "%{message}。文件可能只写了一部分，请重新连接后再保存一次。"
+  en: "%{message}. The file may be only partly written. Reconnect and save it again."
+editor.save.interrupted_title:
+  zh-CN: 没有保存完“%{name}”
+  en: Couldn’t finish saving “%{name}”
+editor.save.failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法保存“%{name}”
+  en: Couldn’t save “%{name}”
+
+editor.close.title:
+  zh-CN: 保存对“%{name}”的修改？
+  en: Save changes to “%{name}”?
+editor.close.description:
+  zh-CN: 不保存的话，这些修改会丢失。
+  en: Your changes will be lost if you don’t save them.
+editor.close.discard:
+  zh-CN: 放弃修改
+  en: Discard changes
diff --git a/locales/explorer.yml b/locales/explorer.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..487fb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/locales/explorer.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,706 @@
+_version: 2
+
+# The SFTP tab: the two file lists, their toolbars and menus, the dialogs
+# they open, the transfer queue and the preview.
+
+explorer.new.folder_title:
+  zh-CN: 新建文件夹
+  en: New folder
+explorer.new.file_title:
+  zh-CN: 新建文件
+  en: New file
+explorer.new.folder_name:
+  zh-CN: 新建文件夹
+  en: New folder
+explorer.new.file_name:
+  zh-CN: 新建文件.txt
+  en: New file.txt
+
+explorer.kind.folder:
+  zh-CN: 文件夹
+  en: Folder
+explorer.kind.file:
+  zh-CN: 文件
+  en: File
+explorer.kind.link:
+  zh-CN: 链接
+  en: Link
+explorer.kind.parent:
+  zh-CN: 上级目录
+  en: Parent folder
+explorer.kind.extension:
+  zh-CN: "%{ext} 文件"
+  en: "%{ext} file"
+
+explorer.size_format.bytes:
+  zh-CN: 字节
+  en: Bytes
+explorer.size_format.kilobytes:
+  zh-CN: 千字节（KB）
+  en: Kilobytes (KB)
+explorer.size_format.short:
+  zh-CN: 简短格式（B、KB、MB、GB）
+  en: Short (B, KB, MB, GB)
+
+explorer.column.name:
+  zh-CN: 名称
+  en: Name
+explorer.column.size:
+  zh-CN: 大小
+  en: Size
+explorer.column.type:
+  zh-CN: 类型
+  en: Type
+explorer.column.modified:
+  zh-CN: 修改时间
+  en: Modified
+explorer.column.rights:
+  zh-CN: 权限
+  en: Permissions
+explorer.column.owner:
+  zh-CN: 所有者
+  en: Owner
+
+explorer.list.connecting:
+  zh-CN: 正在连接 SFTP…
+  en: Connecting to SFTP…
+explorer.list.reading:
+  zh-CN: 正在读取目录…
+  en: Reading folder…
+explorer.list.only_hidden:
+  zh-CN: 只有隐藏文件
+  en: Only hidden files
+explorer.list.empty:
+  zh-CN: 空目录
+  en: Empty folder
+explorer.list.not_connected:
+  zh-CN: 未连接
+  en: Not connected
+explorer.list.unreadable:
+  zh-CN: 无法读取目录
+  en: Couldn’t read the folder
+explorer.list.read_failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法读取目录：%{error}
+  en: "Couldn’t read the folder: %{error}"
+
+explorer.drag.upload.one:
+  en: Upload %{count} item
+explorer.drag.upload.other:
+  zh-CN: 上传 %{count} 个项目
+  en: Upload %{count} items
+explorer.drag.download.one:
+  en: Download %{count} item
+explorer.drag.download.other:
+  zh-CN: 下载 %{count} 个项目
+  en: Download %{count} items
+
+explorer.status.opening:
+  zh-CN: 正在打开 %{name}…
+  en: Opening %{name}…
+explorer.status.items.one:
+  en: "%{count} item"
+explorer.status.items.other:
+  zh-CN: "%{count} 个项目"
+  en: "%{count} items"
+explorer.status.hidden.other:
+  zh-CN: 隐藏 %{count} 项
+  en: "%{count} hidden"
+explorer.status.selected.other:
+  zh-CN: 已选择 %{count} 项
+  en: "%{count} selected"
+
+explorer.path.local:
+  zh-CN: 本地路径
+  en: Local path
+explorer.path.remote:
+  zh-CN: 远程路径
+  en: Remote path
+explorer.directory_select.local:
+  zh-CN: 本地目录
+  en: Local folder
+explorer.directory_select.remote:
+  zh-CN: 远程目录
+  en: Remote folder
+explorer.directory_select.current:
+  zh-CN: 当前路径
+  en: Current path
+explorer.directory_select.places:
+  zh-CN: 位置
+  en: Places
+
+explorer.command.open_directory:
+  zh-CN: 打开目录/书签…
+  en: Open folder or bookmark…
+explorer.command.up:
+  zh-CN: 上级目录
+  en: Parent folder
+explorer.command.root:
+  zh-CN: 根目录
+  en: Root folder
+explorer.command.home:
+  zh-CN: 主目录
+  en: Home folder
+explorer.command.refresh:
+  zh-CN: 刷新
+  en: Refresh
+explorer.command.back:
+  zh-CN: 后退
+  en: Back
+explorer.command.forward:
+  zh-CN: 前进
+  en: Forward
+explorer.command.show_hidden_files:
+  zh-CN: 显示隐藏文件
+  en: Show hidden files
+explorer.toolbar.hide_hidden_files:
+  zh-CN: 不显示隐藏文件
+  en: Hide hidden files
+explorer.command.upload:
+  zh-CN: 上传…
+  en: Upload…
+explorer.toolbar.upload_tip:
+  zh-CN: 上传所选项目
+  en: Upload the selected items
+explorer.command.download:
+  zh-CN: 下载…
+  en: Download…
+explorer.toolbar.download_tip:
+  zh-CN: 下载所选项目
+  en: Download the selected items
+explorer.toolbar.choose_files:
+  zh-CN: 选择文件上传…
+  en: Choose files to upload…
+explorer.command.rename:
+  zh-CN: 重命名…
+  en: Rename…
+explorer.command.properties:
+  zh-CN: 属性…
+  en: Properties…
+explorer.command.new:
+  zh-CN: 新建
+  en: New
+
+explorer.transfer.upload_title:
+  zh-CN: 上传文件
+  en: Upload
+explorer.transfer.download_title:
+  zh-CN: 下载
+  en: Download
+explorer.transfer.upload:
+  zh-CN: 上传
+  en: Upload
+explorer.transfer.download:
+  zh-CN: 下载
+  en: Download
+explorer.transfer.upload_summary:
+  zh-CN: 上传 %{items}到 %{endpoint}
+  en: Upload %{items} to %{endpoint}
+explorer.transfer.download_summary:
+  zh-CN: 从 %{endpoint} 下载 %{items}
+  en: Download %{items} from %{endpoint}
+explorer.transfer.files.one:
+  en: "%{count} file"
+explorer.transfer.files.other:
+  zh-CN: "%{count} 个文件"
+  en: "%{count} files"
+explorer.transfer.folders.one:
+  en: "%{count} folder"
+explorer.transfer.folders.other:
+  zh-CN: "%{count} 个文件夹"
+  en: "%{count} folders"
+explorer.transfer.items.other:
+  zh-CN: "%{count} 个项目（%{folders}、%{files}）"
+  en: "%{count} items (%{folders}, %{files})"
+explorer.transfer.in_folder:
+  zh-CN: 位于 %{folder}
+  en: In %{folder}
+explorer.transfer.queued_note:
+  zh-CN: 当前有传输在进行，这一批会排在传输队列里，轮到时自动开始。
+  en: Another transfer is running. This one waits in Transfers and starts when its turn comes.
+explorer.transfer.target:
+  zh-CN: 目标目录
+  en: Destination folder
+explorer.transfer.download_to:
+  zh-CN: 下载到
+  en: Download to
+explorer.transfer.choose_download_folder:
+  zh-CN: 选择下载到的目录
+  en: Choose where to download to
+explorer.transfer.target_missing:
+  zh-CN: 请输入目标目录
+  en: Enter a destination folder
+explorer.transfer.local_target_relative:
+  zh-CN: 请输入本机目录的完整路径
+  en: Enter the full path of a folder on this computer
+
+explorer.question.conflict_title:
+  zh-CN: 同名文件已存在
+  en: A file with this name already exists
+explorer.question.overwrite:
+  zh-CN: 覆盖
+  en: Overwrite
+explorer.question.apply_to_all:
+  zh-CN: 应用于本批剩余冲突
+  en: Do the same for the rest of this batch
+explorer.question.resume_upload_title:
+  zh-CN: 发现未完成的上传
+  en: Unfinished upload found
+explorer.question.resume_download_title:
+  zh-CN: 发现未完成的下载
+  en: Unfinished download found
+explorer.question.resume_upload:
+  zh-CN: 继续上传
+  en: Resume upload
+explorer.question.resume_download:
+  zh-CN: 继续下载
+  en: Resume download
+explorer.question.restart_upload:
+  zh-CN: 重新上传
+  en: Upload again
+explorer.question.restart_download:
+  zh-CN: 重新下载
+  en: Download again
+explorer.question.invalid_resume_title:
+  zh-CN: 无法继续此文件
+  en: Can’t resume this file
+explorer.question.upload_failed_title:
+  zh-CN: 无法上传此项目
+  en: Couldn’t upload this item
+explorer.question.download_failed_title:
+  zh-CN: 无法下载此项目
+  en: Couldn’t download this item
+explorer.question.retry:
+  zh-CN: 重试
+  en: Retry
+explorer.question.skip:
+  zh-CN: 跳过
+  en: Skip
+explorer.question.cancel_upload:
+  zh-CN: 取消上传
+  en: Cancel upload
+explorer.question.cancel_download:
+  zh-CN: 取消下载
+  en: Cancel download
+
+explorer.close_transfer.upload_title:
+  zh-CN: 停止上传并关闭？
+  en: Stop the upload and close?
+explorer.close_transfer.download_title:
+  zh-CN: 停止下载并关闭？
+  en: Stop the download and close?
+explorer.close_transfer.upload_kept:
+  zh-CN: 上传进度会保留，下次选择相同来源和目标目录时可以继续上传。
+  en: "Progress is kept: choose the same source and destination folder later to resume the upload."
+explorer.close_transfer.download_kept:
+  zh-CN: 下载进度会保留，下次选择相同来源和目标目录时可以继续下载。
+  en: "Progress is kept: choose the same source and destination folder later to resume the download."
+explorer.close_transfer.two_sentences:
+  zh-CN: "%{first}%{second}"
+  en: "%{first} %{second}"
+explorer.close_transfer.stop_upload:
+  zh-CN: 停止上传并关闭
+  en: Stop and close
+explorer.close_transfer.stop_download:
+  zh-CN: 停止下载并关闭
+  en: Stop and close
+explorer.close_transfer.keep_uploading:
+  zh-CN: 继续上传
+  en: Keep uploading
+explorer.close_transfer.keep_downloading:
+  zh-CN: 继续下载
+  en: Keep downloading
+
+explorer.queue.title:
+  zh-CN: 传输队列
+  en: Transfers
+explorer.queue.title_count:
+  zh-CN: 传输队列 (%{unfinished})
+  en: Transfers (%{unfinished})
+explorer.queue.resume:
+  zh-CN: 继续
+  en: Resume
+explorer.queue.stop:
+  zh-CN: 停止
+  en: Stop
+explorer.queue.remove:
+  zh-CN: 移出队列
+  en: Remove from queue
+explorer.queue.discard:
+  zh-CN: 丢弃续传进度
+  en: Discard partial transfer
+explorer.queue.clear_finished:
+  zh-CN: 清除已完成
+  en: Clear finished
+explorer.queue.column.operation:
+  zh-CN: 操作
+  en: Direction
+explorer.queue.column.source:
+  zh-CN: 来源
+  en: Source
+explorer.queue.column.target:
+  zh-CN: 目标
+  en: Destination
+explorer.queue.column.transferred:
+  zh-CN: 已传输
+  en: Transferred
+explorer.queue.column.time:
+  zh-CN: 时间
+  en: Time
+explorer.queue.column.speed:
+  zh-CN: 速度
+  en: Speed
+explorer.queue.column.progress:
+  zh-CN: 进度
+  en: Progress
+explorer.queue.hide_results:
+  zh-CN: 收起逐项结果
+  en: Hide item results
+explorer.queue.show_results:
+  zh-CN: 展开逐项结果
+  en: Show item results
+explorer.queue.not_started:
+  zh-CN: 还没有开始
+  en: Not started yet
+explorer.queue.nothing_uploaded:
+  zh-CN: 还没有上传完的项目，每完成一项会列在这里
+  en: No items uploaded yet. Each one is listed here when it’s done.
+explorer.queue.nothing_downloaded:
+  zh-CN: 还没有下载完的项目，每完成一项会列在这里
+  en: No items downloaded yet. Each one is listed here when it’s done.
+explorer.queue.outcome.done:
+  zh-CN: 完成
+  en: Done
+explorer.queue.outcome.skipped:
+  zh-CN: 已跳过
+  en: Skipped
+explorer.queue.outcome.failed:
+  zh-CN: 失败
+  en: Failed
+explorer.queue.several_places:
+  zh-CN: 多个位置
+  en: Several places
+explorer.queue.status.pending:
+  zh-CN: 等待中
+  en: Waiting
+explorer.queue.status.scanning:
+  zh-CN: 正在扫描
+  en: Scanning
+explorer.queue.status.waiting:
+  zh-CN: 等待回答
+  en: Waiting for an answer
+explorer.queue.status.reconnecting:
+  zh-CN: 正在重连
+  en: Reconnecting
+explorer.queue.status.stopped:
+  zh-CN: 已停止
+  en: Stopped
+explorer.queue.status.done:
+  zh-CN: 已完成
+  en: Done
+explorer.queue.status.partly_failed.one:
+  en: "%{count} item failed"
+explorer.queue.status.partly_failed.other:
+  zh-CN: 部分失败（%{count} 项）
+  en: "%{count} items failed"
+explorer.queue.status.discarded:
+  zh-CN: 已丢弃续传进度
+  en: Partial transfer discarded
+explorer.queue.status.not_started:
+  zh-CN: 无法开始：%{reason}
+  en: "Couldn’t start: %{reason}"
+explorer.queue.status.removed:
+  zh-CN: 已移出
+  en: Removed
+
+explorer.connection.start_failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法启动 SFTP：%{error}
+  en: "Couldn’t start SFTP: %{error}"
+explorer.connection.server:
+  zh-CN: 服务器
+  en: the server
+explorer.connection.lost:
+  zh-CN: SFTP 已断开
+  en: SFTP disconnected
+explorer.connection.lost_title:
+  zh-CN: 与 %{name} 的 SFTP 连接已断开
+  en: Lost the SFTP connection to %{name}
+explorer.connection.lost_reconnect:
+  zh-CN: "%{reason}。重新连接后再操作远程文件。"
+  en: "%{reason}. Reconnect to work with remote files."
+explorer.connection.lost_stopped_batch:
+  zh-CN: "%{reason}。传输队列里有停止的批次，点它的「继续」会重新连接并接着传输。"
+  en: "%{reason}. A stopped batch is waiting in Transfers; its Resume reconnects and carries on."
+explorer.connection.lost_reconnecting:
+  zh-CN: "%{reason}。正在自动重新连接，请稍候。"
+  en: "%{reason}. Reconnecting automatically."
+explorer.connection.reconnect:
+  zh-CN: 重新连接
+  en: Reconnect
+
+explorer.ok:
+  zh-CN: 知道了
+  en: OK
+explorer.browse:
+  zh-CN: 浏览…
+  en: Browse…
+explorer.choose_upload:
+  zh-CN: 选择要上传的文件或目录
+  en: Choose files or folders to upload
+
+explorer.tab.open_sftp_tip:
+  zh-CN: 打开 SFTP 文件浏览
+  en: Browse files over SFTP
+explorer.tab.rename:
+  zh-CN: 重命名标签…
+  en: Rename tab…
+explorer.tab.open_sftp:
+  zh-CN: 打开 SFTP
+  en: Open SFTP
+explorer.tab.copy_ip:
+  zh-CN: 复制 IP 地址
+  en: Copy IP address
+explorer.tab.copy_host_name:
+  zh-CN: 复制主机名
+  en: Copy host name
+
+explorer.name.empty:
+  zh-CN: 名称不能为空
+  en: The name can’t be empty
+explorer.name.dots:
+  zh-CN: 名称不能是「.」或「..」
+  en: The name can’t be “.” or “..”
+explorer.name.slash:
+  zh-CN: 名称不能包含「/」
+  en: The name can’t contain “/”
+explorer.name.unchanged:
+  zh-CN: 名称未改变
+  en: The name hasn’t changed
+explorer.name.exists:
+  zh-CN: 已有名为「%{name}」的项目
+  en: An item named “%{name}” already exists
+
+explorer.delete.title_one:
+  zh-CN: 删除「%{name}」？
+  en: Delete “%{name}”?
+explorer.delete.title_several.other:
+  zh-CN: 删除 %{count} 个项目？
+  en: Delete %{count} items?
+explorer.delete.remote:
+  zh-CN: 远程文件无法恢复，目录会连同其中全部内容一起删除。
+  en: Remote files can’t be recovered. A folder is deleted with everything in it.
+explorer.delete.trash:
+  zh-CN: 项目会移到废纸篓。
+  en: The items move to the Trash.
+explorer.delete.recycle_bin:
+  zh-CN: 项目会移到废纸篓。
+  en: The items move to the Recycle Bin.
+
+explorer.rename.title:
+  zh-CN: 重命名「%{name}」
+  en: Rename “%{name}”
+explorer.rename.commit:
+  zh-CN: 重命名
+  en: Rename
+explorer.rename.label:
+  zh-CN: 新名称
+  en: New name
+explorer.new.commit:
+  zh-CN: 创建
+  en: Create
+explorer.new.label:
+  zh-CN: 名称
+  en: Name
+
+explorer.file.connection_lost:
+  zh-CN: SFTP 连接已断开
+  en: The SFTP connection was lost
+explorer.file.connecting:
+  zh-CN: 正在连接 SFTP，请稍候再试。
+  en: Connecting to SFTP. Try again in a moment.
+explorer.file.edit_refused:
+  zh-CN: 无法在编辑器中打开“%{name}”
+  en: Can’t open “%{name}” in the editor
+explorer.file.preview_refused:
+  zh-CN: 无法预览“%{name}”
+  en: Can’t preview “%{name}”
+explorer.file.too_large_for_editor:
+  zh-CN: 文件有 %{size}，编辑器只打开 %{limit} 以内的文件。
+  en: The file is %{size}. The editor opens files up to %{limit}.
+explorer.file.too_large_for_preview:
+  zh-CN: 文件有 %{size}，预览只打开 %{limit} 以内的文件。
+  en: The file is %{size}. Preview opens files up to %{limit}.
+explorer.file.not_text:
+  zh-CN: 它不是 UTF-8 编码的文本文件：可能是二进制文件，或用了 GBK 等其他编码。
+  en: "It isn’t a UTF-8 text file: it may be binary, or in another encoding such as GBK."
+explorer.file.not_file:
+  zh-CN: 它不是普通文件。
+  en: It isn’t a regular file.
+explorer.file.open_failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法打开“%{name}”
+  en: Couldn’t open “%{name}”
+explorer.file.download_instead:
+  zh-CN: "%{reason}可以下载到本机，用别的程序打开。"
+  en: "%{reason} You can download it and open it in another app."
+explorer.file.download:
+  zh-CN: 下载…
+  en: Download…
+
+explorer.preview.image_info:
+  zh-CN: "%{width} × %{height} 像素 · %{size}"
+  en: "%{width} × %{height} pixels · %{size}"
+explorer.preview.zoom_out:
+  zh-CN: 缩小
+  en: Zoom out
+explorer.preview.zoom_in:
+  zh-CN: 放大
+  en: Zoom in
+explorer.preview.fit:
+  zh-CN: 适合窗口
+  en: Fit to window
+explorer.preview.actual_size:
+  zh-CN: 原图
+  en: Actual size
+explorer.preview.actual_size_tip:
+  zh-CN: 原图（100%）
+  en: Actual size (100%)
+explorer.preview.undecodable:
+  zh-CN: 无法显示这张图片
+  en: Can’t show this image
+explorer.preview.decoding:
+  zh-CN: 正在显示图片…
+  en: Loading image…
+
+explorer.open_directory.title:
+  zh-CN: 打开目录
+  en: Open folder
+explorer.open_directory.folder:
+  zh-CN: 目录
+  en: Folder
+explorer.open_directory.bookmarks:
+  zh-CN: 书签
+  en: Bookmarks
+explorer.open_directory.add:
+  zh-CN: 添加
+  en: Add
+explorer.open_directory.remove:
+  zh-CN: 删除
+  en: Remove
+explorer.open_directory.up:
+  zh-CN: 上移
+  en: Up
+explorer.open_directory.down:
+  zh-CN: 下移
+  en: Down
+explorer.open_directory.open:
+  zh-CN: 打开
+  en: Open
+explorer.open_directory.missing:
+  zh-CN: 请输入要打开的目录
+  en: Enter a folder to open
+explorer.open_directory.choose:
+  zh-CN: 选择要打开的目录
+  en: Choose a folder to open
+explorer.bookmarks.none:
+  zh-CN: 暂无书签
+  en: No bookmarks
+
+explorer.command.edit:
+  zh-CN: 编辑
+  en: Edit
+explorer.command.preview:
+  zh-CN: 预览
+  en: Preview
+explorer.command.copy_path:
+  zh-CN: 复制路径
+  en: Copy path
+explorer.command.go:
+  zh-CN: 前往
+  en: Go to
+explorer.command.add_bookmark:
+  zh-CN: 添加路径到书签
+  en: Add path to bookmarks
+explorer.command.remove_bookmark:
+  zh-CN: 从书签中移除路径
+  en: Remove path from bookmarks
+explorer.command.size_format:
+  zh-CN: 文件大小显示为
+  en: Show file sizes as
+explorer.command.new_folder:
+  zh-CN: 文件夹…
+  en: Folder…
+explorer.command.new_file:
+  zh-CN: 文件…
+  en: File…
+
+explorer.operation.delete_failed:
+  zh-CN: 删除失败
+  en: Couldn’t delete
+explorer.operation.rename_failed:
+  zh-CN: 重命名失败
+  en: Couldn’t rename
+explorer.operation.create_failed:
+  zh-CN: 新建失败
+  en: Couldn’t create
+explorer.operation.permissions_failed:
+  zh-CN: 修改权限失败
+  en: Couldn’t change permissions
+
+explorer.properties.title_one:
+  zh-CN: 「%{name}」的属性
+  en: Properties of “%{name}”
+explorer.properties.title_several.other:
+  zh-CN: "%{count} 个项目的属性"
+  en: Properties of %{count} items
+explorer.properties.apply:
+  zh-CN: 应用
+  en: Apply
+explorer.properties.location:
+  zh-CN: 位置
+  en: Location
+explorer.properties.group:
+  zh-CN: 组
+  en: Group
+explorer.properties.size.one:
+  en: "%{size} (%{count} byte)"
+explorer.properties.size.other:
+  zh-CN: "%{size}（%{count} 字节）"
+  en: "%{size} (%{count} bytes)"
+explorer.properties.mixed:
+  zh-CN: （不一致）
+  en: (mixed)
+explorer.properties.class_owner:
+  zh-CN: 所有者
+  en: Owner
+explorer.properties.class_group:
+  zh-CN: 组
+  en: Group
+explorer.properties.class_others:
+  zh-CN: 其他
+  en: Others
+explorer.properties.read:
+  zh-CN: 读
+  en: Read
+explorer.properties.write:
+  zh-CN: 写
+  en: Write
+explorer.properties.execute:
+  zh-CN: 执行
+  en: Execute
+explorer.properties.octal:
+  zh-CN: 八进制
+  en: Octal
+explorer.properties.mixed_note:
+  zh-CN: 部分项目权限不同，未改动的位保持原样。
+  en: The items’ permissions differ. Bits you leave alone stay as they are.
+explorer.properties.links:
+  zh-CN: 符号链接没有独立的权限。
+  en: Symbolic links have no permissions of their own.
+explorer.properties.unsupported:
+  zh-CN: 此系统不支持修改权限。
+  en: This system doesn’t support changing permissions.
+explorer.properties.recursive:
+  zh-CN: 同时应用到其中的文件和子目录
+  en: Also apply to the files and subfolders inside
+explorer.properties.dir_x:
+  zh-CN: 为目录添加执行权限（X）
+  en: Add execute permission to folders (X)
diff --git a/locales/sftp.yml b/locales/sftp.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46e5ea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/locales/sftp.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+_version: 2
+
+# SFTP connections, transfers and local file operations: mostly errors,
+# which the SFTP tab, the editor and the external CLI show.
+
+sftp.place.home:
+  zh-CN: 主目录
+  en: Home
+sftp.place.desktop:
+  zh-CN: 桌面
+  en: Desktop
+sftp.place.documents:
+  zh-CN: 文稿
+  en: Documents
+sftp.place.downloads:
+  zh-CN: 下载
+  en: Downloads
+
+sftp.error.remote_path_invalid:
+  zh-CN: 远程路径不能为空或包含空字符
+  en: A remote path can’t be empty or contain a null character
+sftp.error.file_name_invalid:
+  zh-CN: 无效的文件名：%{name}
+  en: "Invalid file name: %{name}"
+sftp.error.nothing_to_upload:
+  zh-CN: 请选择要上传的文件或目录
+  en: Choose files or folders to upload
+sftp.error.nothing_to_download:
+  zh-CN: 请选择要下载的文件或目录
+  en: Choose files or folders to download
+sftp.error.download_target_relative:
+  zh-CN: 下载目标必须是绝对路径
+  en: The download destination must be an absolute path
+sftp.error.file_name_not_utf8:
+  zh-CN: 目录包含无法用 UTF-8 表示的文件名
+  en: The folder has a file name that isn’t valid UTF-8
+sftp.error.path_not_utf8:
+  zh-CN: 路径不是有效的 UTF-8
+  en: The path isn’t valid UTF-8
+sftp.error.trash_failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法移到废纸篓：%{error}
+  en: "Couldn’t move to the Trash: %{error}"
+sftp.error.recycle_bin_failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法移到废纸篓：%{error}
+  en: "Couldn’t move to the Recycle Bin: %{error}"
+sftp.error.exists:
+  zh-CN: 已有名为「%{name}」的项目
+  en: An item named “%{name}” already exists
+sftp.error.permission_denied:
+  zh-CN: 没有权限操作「%{name}」
+  en: Permission denied for “%{name}”
+sftp.error.not_found:
+  zh-CN: 「%{name}」不存在
+  en: “%{name}” doesn’t exist
+sftp.error.item:
+  zh-CN: 「%{name}」：%{error}
+  en: "“%{name}”: %{error}"
+sftp.error.permissions_unsupported:
+  zh-CN: 此系统不支持修改权限
+  en: This system doesn’t support changing permissions
+
+sftp.transfer.host_key_changed:
+  zh-CN: 服务器主机指纹已改变，已停止续传
+  en: The server’s host key changed, so resuming stopped
+sftp.transfer.cancelled:
+  zh-CN: 传输已停止，进度已保留
+  en: Transfer stopped. Its progress is kept
+
+sftp.upload.source_name_not_utf8:
+  zh-CN: 来源文件名不是有效的 UTF-8
+  en: The source file name isn’t valid UTF-8
+sftp.upload.target_busy:
+  zh-CN: 另一个传输正在上传同一目标，请稍后继续上传
+  en: Another transfer is uploading to the same destination. Resume this upload later
+sftp.upload.parent_missing:
+  zh-CN: 父目录未创建，无法上传
+  en: Can’t upload because the parent folder wasn’t created
+sftp.upload.failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法上传：%{error}
+  en: "Couldn’t upload: %{error}"
+sftp.upload.folder_in_the_way:
+  zh-CN: 目录与文件类型冲突，不会删除远程目录
+  en: A remote folder has this name, and it won’t be deleted to make way for a file
+sftp.upload.exists.one:
+  en: A remote item with this name exists (%{count} byte, modified %{modified}). Overwriting replaces this file or link.
+sftp.upload.exists.other:
+  zh-CN: 远程项目已存在（%{count} 字节，修改时间 %{modified}）。覆盖会替换这个文件或链接。
+  en: A remote item with this name exists (%{count} bytes, modified %{modified}). Overwriting replaces this file or link.
+sftp.upload.exists_changed.one:
+  en: The destination changed during the upload. A remote item with this name exists (%{count} byte, modified %{modified}). Overwriting replaces this file or link.
+sftp.upload.exists_changed.other:
+  zh-CN: 目标在上传期间发生变化。远程项目已存在（%{count} 字节，修改时间 %{modified}）。覆盖会替换这个文件或链接。
+  en: The destination changed during the upload. A remote item with this name exists (%{count} bytes, modified %{modified}). Overwriting replaces this file or link.
+sftp.upload.target_gone:
+  zh-CN: 原目标在上传期间已被删除或移走。是否继续发布此文件？
+  en: The original destination was deleted or moved during the upload. Put this file in its place anyway?
+sftp.upload.source_now_folder:
+  zh-CN: 来源已变为目录，请丢弃旧文件进度后重新上传，或跳过。
+  en: The source is now a folder. Discard the old file’s progress and upload again, or skip it.
+sftp.upload.target_not_folder:
+  zh-CN: 目标已存在且不是目录，不会跟随或替换链接
+  en: The destination exists and isn’t a folder. Links aren’t followed or replaced
+sftp.upload.special_file:
+  zh-CN: 不支持上传设备、套接字或其他特殊文件
+  en: Devices, sockets and other special files can’t be uploaded
+sftp.upload.resume_found:
+  zh-CN: 发现未完成的 .filepart 文件。续传会按它的现有大小跳过本地文件前缀，请确认本地文件仍是同一版本。
+  en: Found an unfinished .filepart file. Resuming skips as much of the local file as it already holds, so make sure the local file is the same version.
+sftp.upload.link_target_not_utf8:
+  zh-CN: 链接目标不是有效的 UTF-8
+  en: The link target isn’t valid UTF-8
+sftp.upload.record_without_link:
+  zh-CN: 续传记录中缺少链接目标
+  en: The resume record has no link target
+sftp.upload.temporary_link_changed:
+  zh-CN: 临时链接已变化，无法继续上传
+  en: The temporary link changed, so the upload can’t resume
+sftp.upload.record_without_source:
+  zh-CN: 续传记录中缺少来源文件信息
+  en: The resume record has no details of the source file
+sftp.upload.temporary_kind_changed:
+  zh-CN: 远端临时文件类型已变化
+  en: The remote temporary file is no longer a file
+sftp.upload.partial_too_large:
+  zh-CN: 远端续传偏移大于本地文件
+  en: The remote partial file is larger than the local file
+sftp.upload.pipeline_ended:
+  zh-CN: 上传写入流水线意外结束
+  en: The upload stopped writing unexpectedly
+sftp.upload.publish_unconfirmed:
+  zh-CN: 无法确认文件发布结果，已保留恢复文件；请检查远端目录
+  en: Couldn’t confirm the file was put in place. The recovery files are kept; check the remote folder
+sftp.upload.temporary_changed:
+  zh-CN: 临时文件大小或类型已变化，未替换目标
+  en: The temporary file’s size or type changed, so the destination wasn’t replaced
+sftp.upload.target_created:
+  zh-CN: 替换期间目标被其他操作创建，已保留目标、备份和临时文件
+  en: Something else created the destination during the replace. The destination, backup and temporary file are kept
+sftp.upload.backup_changed:
+  zh-CN: 恢复备份已变化，停止替换
+  en: The recovery backup changed, so the replace stopped
+sftp.upload.backup_changed_after_publish:
+  zh-CN: 备份已变化，未清理；上传的目标文件已发布
+  en: The backup changed, so it wasn’t cleaned up. The uploaded file is in place
+sftp.upload.backup_and_target:
+  zh-CN: 存在恢复备份和目标文件，请先检查远端目录；未删除任何文件
+  en: Both a recovery backup and the destination file exist. Check the remote folder first; nothing was deleted
+
+sftp.download.name_invalid:
+  zh-CN: 名称「%{name}」在本机无效
+  en: The name “%{name}” isn’t valid on this computer
+sftp.download.source_missing:
+  zh-CN: 远程项目不存在
+  en: The remote item doesn’t exist
+sftp.download.target_busy:
+  zh-CN: 另一个传输正在下载到同一位置，请稍后继续下载
+  en: Another transfer is downloading to the same place. Resume this download later
+sftp.download.parent_missing:
+  zh-CN: 父目录未创建，无法下载
+  en: Can’t download because the parent folder wasn’t created
+sftp.download.failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法下载：%{error}
+  en: "Couldn’t download: %{error}"
+sftp.download.target_invalid:
+  zh-CN: 无效的下载目标
+  en: Invalid download destination
+sftp.download.folder_in_the_way:
+  zh-CN: 本地已有同名目录，不会删除它
+  en: A local folder has this name, and it won’t be deleted
+sftp.download.exists.one:
+  en: A local item with this name exists (%{count} byte, modified %{modified}). Overwriting replaces it.
+sftp.download.exists.other:
+  zh-CN: 本地已有同名项目（%{count} 字节，修改时间 %{modified}）。覆盖会替换它。
+  en: A local item with this name exists (%{count} bytes, modified %{modified}). Overwriting replaces it.
+sftp.download.exists_changed.one:
+  en: The destination changed during the download. A local item with this name exists (%{count} byte, modified %{modified}). Overwriting replaces it.
+sftp.download.exists_changed.other:
+  zh-CN: 目标在下载期间发生变化。本地已有同名项目（%{count} 字节，修改时间 %{modified}）。覆盖会替换它。
+  en: The destination changed during the download. A local item with this name exists (%{count} bytes, modified %{modified}). Overwriting replaces it.
+sftp.download.file_in_the_way:
+  zh-CN: 本地已有同名文件，不会替换为目录
+  en: A local file has this name, and it won’t be replaced by a folder
+sftp.download.special_file:
+  zh-CN: 不支持下载设备、套接字或其他特殊文件
+  en: Devices, sockets and other special files can’t be downloaded
+sftp.download.partial_not_file:
+  zh-CN: 临时文件 %{path} 不是普通文件
+  en: The temporary file %{path} isn’t a regular file
+sftp.download.partial_too_large:
+  zh-CN: 本地 .filepart 文件比远程文件大，无法续传。
+  en: The local .filepart file is larger than the remote file, so the download can’t resume.
+sftp.download.source_changed:
+  zh-CN: 远程文件在上次下载后已变化，无法续传。
+  en: The remote file changed after the last download, so the download can’t resume.
+sftp.download.resume_found:
+  zh-CN: 发现未完成的 .filepart 文件。续传会按它的现有大小跳过远程文件前缀，请确认远程文件仍是同一版本。
+  en: Found an unfinished .filepart file. Resuming skips as much of the remote file as it already holds, so make sure the remote file is the same version.
+sftp.download.pipeline_ended:
+  zh-CN: 下载读取流水线意外结束
+  en: The download stopped reading unexpectedly
+sftp.download.source_shrank:
+  zh-CN: 远程文件在下载期间变短，已停止
+  en: The remote file got shorter during the download, so it stopped
+sftp.download.links_unsupported:
+  zh-CN: 此系统不支持创建符号链接
+  en: This system can’t create symbolic links
+
+sftp.journal.source_not_file:
+  zh-CN: 本地来源已不再是普通文件
+  en: The local source is no longer a regular file
+sftp.journal.mismatch:
+  zh-CN: 续传记录与当前来源或服务器不匹配
+  en: The resume record doesn’t match this source or server
+sftp.journal.temporary_invalid:
+  zh-CN: 无效的续传临时路径
+  en: Invalid temporary path in the resume record
+sftp.journal.replaces_folder:
+  zh-CN: 续传记录不能替换目录
+  en: A resume record can’t replace a folder
+sftp.journal.upload_damaged:
+  zh-CN: 续传记录损坏，原文件和临时文件均已保留
+  en: The resume record is damaged. The original and temporary files are both kept
+sftp.journal.download_damaged:
+  zh-CN: 续传记录损坏，临时文件已保留
+  en: The resume record is damaged. The temporary file is kept
+sftp.journal.unreadable:
+  zh-CN: 无法读取续传记录
+  en: Couldn’t read the resume record
+sftp.journal.unsaved:
+  zh-CN: 无法保存续传进度
+  en: Couldn’t save the resume progress
+
+sftp.worker.not_connected:
+  zh-CN: SFTP 未连接，请重新连接
+  en: SFTP isn’t connected. Reconnect to continue
+sftp.worker.not_connected_short:
+  zh-CN: SFTP 未连接
+  en: SFTP isn’t connected
+sftp.worker.disconnected:
+  zh-CN: SFTP 已断开
+  en: SFTP disconnected
+sftp.worker.list_failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法读取目录：%{error}
+  en: "Couldn’t read the folder: %{error}"
+sftp.worker.busy:
+  zh-CN: 已有传输批次正在处理
+  en: A transfer batch is already running
+sftp.worker.local_folder_missing:
+  zh-CN: 本地目录 %{path} 不存在
+  en: The local folder %{path} doesn’t exist
+sftp.worker.remote_folder_missing:
+  zh-CN: 远程目录 %{path} 不存在
+  en: The remote folder %{path} doesn’t exist
+sftp.worker.dropped_kept:
+  zh-CN: 连接中断，传输进度已保留
+  en: The connection dropped. Transfer progress is kept
+sftp.worker.reconnect_in.one:
+  en: Reconnecting in %{count} second (%{attempt}/3)
+sftp.worker.reconnect_in.other:
+  zh-CN: 将在 %{count} 秒后重连（%{attempt}/3）
+  en: Reconnecting in %{count} seconds (%{attempt}/3)
+sftp.worker.not_a_folder:
+  zh-CN: 远程路径 %{path} 不是目录
+  en: The remote path %{path} isn’t a folder
+sftp.worker.sync_to_root:
+  zh-CN: 不能同步到根目录 /
+  en: Can’t sync to the root folder /
+sftp.worker.dropped:
+  zh-CN: SFTP 连接中断，请重新连接
+  en: The SFTP connection dropped. Reconnect to continue
+
+sftp.edit.not_file:
+  zh-CN: 不是普通文件
+  en: Not a regular file
+sftp.edit.too_large.one:
+  en: File too large (%{count} byte)
+sftp.edit.too_large.other:
+  zh-CN: 文件太大（%{count} 字节）
+  en: File too large (%{count} bytes)
+sftp.edit.not_text:
+  zh-CN: 不是 UTF-8 文本文件
+  en: Not a UTF-8 text file
+sftp.edit.changed:
+  zh-CN: 文件在打开后已被修改
+  en: The file changed after it was opened
+sftp.edit.missing:
+  zh-CN: 文件不存在
+  en: The file doesn’t exist
+sftp.edit.shrank:
+  zh-CN: 文件在读取时变短了，请重新打开
+  en: The file got shorter while it was read. Open it again
+sftp.edit.gone_after_save:
+  zh-CN: 保存后找不到文件
+  en: The file is gone after saving
+
+sftp.client.start_timeout:
+  zh-CN: 启动 SFTP 超时
+  en: SFTP took too long to start
+sftp.client.no_v3:
+  zh-CN: 服务器未提供 SFTP v3
+  en: The server doesn’t offer SFTP v3
+sftp.client.no_path:
+  zh-CN: 服务器未返回目录路径
+  en: The server didn’t return the folder’s path
+sftp.client.no_link_target:
+  zh-CN: 无法读取链接目标
+  en: Couldn’t read the link target
+sftp.client.bad_rename_reply:
+  zh-CN: 服务器返回了无效的重命名响应
+  en: The server sent an invalid reply to the rename
+sftp.client.ambiguous_name:
+  zh-CN: 远端名称包含无法可靠表示的字符，已停止操作
+  en: A remote name has characters that can’t be shown reliably, so the operation stopped
+
+sftp.sync.delete_failed:
+  zh-CN: 无法删除：%{error}
+  en: "Couldn’t delete: %{error}"
diff --git a/src/editor/editor_panel.rs b/src/editor/editor_panel.rs
index e20f0a6..d22d8d2 100644
--- a/src/editor/editor_panel.rs
+++ b/src/editor/editor_panel.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use crate::app::{
 };
 use crate::explorer::{ExplorerId, ExplorerPanel, FileLocation};
 use crate::host::{HostId, HostStore};
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use crate::sftp::{
     FileStamp, ReadFailure, SaveFailure, SharedLocalDirectoryProvider, TextFile, TextFormat,
     read_local_text, write_local_text,
@@ -221,9 +222,9 @@ impl EditorPanel {
                     let action = EditorAction::new(self.id, EditorCommand::ReloadConfirmed);
                     let dispatch = self.dispatch.clone();
                     confirm_danger(
-                        format!("放弃对“{}”的修改并重新加载？", self.name()).into(),
-                        Some("编辑器里没有保存的修改会丢失。".into()),
-                        "重新加载",
+                        t!("editor.reload.title", name = self.name()),
+                        Some(t!("editor.reload.description")),
+                        t!("editor.command.reload"),
                         std::rc::Rc::new(move |window, cx| send(&dispatch, &action, window, cx)),
                         window,
                         cx,
@@ -326,22 +327,17 @@ impl EditorPanel {
                 }
             }
             Err(SaveFailure::Changed) => {
-                let place = if self.location.is_remote() {
-                    "服务器上的"
+                let description = if self.location.is_remote() {
+                    t!("editor.changed.remote")
                 } else {
-                    "本机上的"
+                    t!("editor.changed.local")
                 };
                 let action = EditorAction::new(self.id, EditorCommand::Overwrite { close });
                 let dispatch = self.dispatch.clone();
                 confirm_danger(
-                    format!("“{name}”在打开后已被修改").into(),
-                    Some(
-                        format!(
-                            "{place}这个文件在你打开或上次保存之后被改过或删除了。覆盖会用编辑器里的内容替换它。"
-                        )
-                        .into(),
-                    ),
-                    "覆盖",
+                    t!("editor.changed.title", name = name),
+                    Some(description),
+                    t!("editor.changed.overwrite"),
                     std::rc::Rc::new(move |window, cx| send(&dispatch, &action, window, cx)),
                     window,
                     cx,
@@ -351,15 +347,13 @@ impl EditorPanel {
                 // What is on disk is neither what was read nor what was meant.
                 self.stamp = None;
                 window.push_notification(
-                    Notification::error(format!(
-                        "{message}。文件可能只写了一部分，请重新连接后再保存一次。"
-                    ))
-                    .title(format!("没有保存完“{name}”")),
+                    Notification::error(t!("editor.save.interrupted", message = message))
+                        .title(t!("editor.save.interrupted_title", name = name)),
                     cx,
                 );
             }
             Err(SaveFailure::Failed(message)) => window.push_notification(
-                Notification::error(message).title(format!("无法保存“{name}”")),
+                Notification::error(message).title(t!("editor.save.failed", name = name)),
                 cx,
             ),
         }
@@ -424,7 +418,7 @@ impl EditorPanel {
             }
             Err(failure) => window.push_notification(
                 Notification::error(failure.to_string())
-                    .title(format!("无法重新加载“{}”", self.name())),
+                    .title(t!("editor.reload.failed", name = self.name())),
                 cx,
             ),
         }
@@ -442,20 +436,20 @@ impl EditorPanel {
         let focus = self.state.read(cx).focus_handle(cx);
         window.open_dialog(cx, move |dialog, _, _| {
             dialog
-                .title(format!("保存对“{name}”的修改？"))
+                .title(t!("editor.close.title", name = name))
                 .overlay_closable(false)
-                .child(div().text_sm().child("不保存的话，这些修改会丢失。"))
+                .child(div().text_sm().child(t!("editor.close.description")))
                 .footer(
                     DialogFooter::new()
                         .child(
                             Button::new("editor-close-cancel")
-                                .label("取消")
+                                .label(t!("common.cancel"))
                                 .on_click(|_, window, cx| window.close_dialog(cx)),
                         )
                         .child(
                             Button::new("editor-close-discard")
                                 .danger()
-                                .label("放弃修改")
+                                .label(t!("editor.close.discard"))
                                 .on_click({
                                     let (dispatch, discard) = (dispatch.clone(), discard.clone());
                                     move |_, window, cx| {
@@ -465,8 +459,11 @@ impl EditorPanel {
                                 }),
                         )
                         .child(
-                            DialogAction::new()
-                                .child(Button::new("editor-close-save").primary().label("保存")),
+                            DialogAction::new().child(
+                                Button::new("editor-close-save")
+                                    .primary()
+                                    .label(t!("common.save")),
+                            ),
                         ),
                 )
                 .on_ok({
@@ -518,9 +515,9 @@ impl EditorPanel {
                 .into_any_element(),
         };
         let state = match self.phase {
-            Phase::Saving => Some(("正在保存…", cx.theme().muted_foreground)),
-            Phase::Reloading => Some(("正在重新加载…", cx.theme().muted_foreground)),
-            Phase::Idle if self.dirty => Some(("已修改", cx.theme().warning)),
+            Phase::Saving => Some((t!("editor.state.saving"), cx.theme().muted_foreground)),
+            Phase::Reloading => Some((t!("editor.state.reloading"), cx.theme().muted_foreground)),
+            Phase::Idle if self.dirty => Some((t!("editor.state.modified"), cx.theme().warning)),
             Phase::Idle => None,
         };
         let command = |command: EditorCommand| {
@@ -565,7 +562,7 @@ impl EditorPanel {
                     div()
                         .id(("editor-state", id.0))
                         .test_support()
-                        .aria_label(text)
+                        .aria_label(text.clone())
                         .flex_shrink_0()
                         .child(soft_tag(text, color)),
                 )
@@ -575,7 +572,7 @@ impl EditorPanel {
                     .ghost()
                     .small()
                     .icon(Icon::new(CatalogIcon::RefreshCw))
-                    .label("重新加载")
+                    .label(t!("editor.command.reload"))
                     .disabled(self.phase != Phase::Idle)
                     .on_click(command(EditorCommand::Reload)),
             )
@@ -583,10 +580,10 @@ impl EditorPanel {
                 Button::new(("editor-save", id.0))
                     .small()
                     .icon(Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Save))
-                    .label("保存")
+                    .label(t!("common.save"))
                     .disabled(!self.dirty || self.phase != Phase::Idle)
                     .tooltip_with_action(
-                        "保存",
+                        t!("common.save"),
                         &EditorShortcut(EditorCommand::Save),
                         Some(EDITOR_CONTEXT),
                     )
@@ -682,16 +679,19 @@ fn tab_menu(
     let action = |command| Box::new(EditorAction::new(id, command));
     let menu = menu
         .menu_with_icon(
-            "保存",
+            t!("common.save"),
             Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Save),
             action(EditorCommand::Save),
         )
         .menu_with_icon(
-            "重新加载",
+            t!("editor.command.reload"),
             Icon::new(CatalogIcon::RefreshCw),
             action(EditorCommand::Reload),
         )
-        .menu("复制路径", action(EditorCommand::CopyPath))
+        .menu(
+            t!("editor.command.copy_path"),
+            action(EditorCommand::CopyPath),
+        )
         .separator();
     close_tab_items(menu, CenterTab::Editor(id), group, panel, cx)
 }
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ impl Render for EditorPanel {
                             .rounded_none()
                             .h_full()
                             .readonly(self.phase == Phase::Reloading)
-                            .aria_label(format!("编辑 {}", self.name())),
+                            .aria_label(t!("editor.text_label", name = self.name())),
                     ),
             )
     }
diff --git a/src/editor/model.rs b/src/editor/model.rs
index 4072087..996e3f4 100644
--- a/src/editor/model.rs
+++ b/src/editor/model.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 //! how it indents, and what the status line says.
 
 use crate::host::HostId;
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use crate::sftp::{RemotePath, TextFormat};
 use gpui_kit::component::input::TabSize;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
@@ -78,7 +79,12 @@ pub fn indentation(language: &str, text: &str) -> TabSize {
 
 /// 「行 12，列 5」, from the editor's zero-based position.
 pub fn cursor_label(line: u32, character: u32) -> String {
-    format!("行 {}，列 {}", line + 1, character + 1)
+    t!(
+        "editor.status.cursor",
+        line = line + 1,
+        column = character + 1
+    )
+    .to_string()
 }
 
 /// 「UTF-8 · LF」, 「UTF-8 BOM · CRLF」.
diff --git a/src/explorer/explorer_panel.rs b/src/explorer/explorer_panel.rs
index 0d5518e..ba76893 100644
--- a/src/explorer/explorer_panel.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/explorer_panel.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     connection::{ConnectionPrompt, ConnectionPromptReply, Latency},
     host::{BookmarkSide, ConnectionState, HostId, HostStore},
+    i18n::t,
     sftp::{
         DownloadRequest, RemotePath, SftpCommand, SftpEvent, SharedLocalDirectoryProvider,
         SharedSftpTransportProvider, TextFile, TransferDirection, TransferPhase, TransferQuestion,
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
         let places = local_provider
             .places()
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|(title, path)| (title.into(), path.to_string_lossy().into_owned()))
+            .map(|(place, path)| (place, path.to_string_lossy().into_owned()))
             .collect();
         let local = cx.new(|cx| {
             FilePane::new(
@@ -162,7 +163,9 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                 }
             })
         {
-            let _ = failed.try_send(SftpEvent::Disconnected(format!("无法启动 SFTP：{error}")));
+            let _ = failed.try_send(SftpEvent::Disconnected(
+                t!("explorer.connection.start_failed", error = error).to_string(),
+            ));
         }
         // Poll snapshots as the terminal engine does. Worker threads never wake
         // a foreground-only GPUI task directly.
@@ -296,24 +299,23 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
         if window.has_active_dialog(cx) {
             return;
         }
-        let name = self
-            .store
-            .read(cx)
-            .host(self.host_id)
-            .map_or_else(|| "服务器".into(), |host| host.name.clone());
+        let name = self.store.read(cx).host(self.host_id).map_or_else(
+            || t!("explorer.connection.server"),
+            |host| host.name.clone(),
+        );
         let reason = self
             .remote
             .read(cx)
             .problem()
-            .unwrap_or("SFTP 已断开")
-            .to_string();
+            .map(SharedString::from)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| t!("explorer.connection.lost"));
         let can_reconnect = self.can_reconnect();
         let description = if can_reconnect {
-            format!("{reason}。重新连接后再操作远程文件。")
+            t!("explorer.connection.lost_reconnect", reason = reason)
         } else if self.head_stopped() {
-            format!("{reason}。传输队列里有停止的批次，点它的「继续」会重新连接并接着传输。")
+            t!("explorer.connection.lost_stopped_batch", reason = reason)
         } else {
-            format!("{reason}。正在自动重新连接，请稍候。")
+            t!("explorer.connection.lost_reconnecting", reason = reason)
         };
         let sender = self.sender();
         let focus = window.focused(cx);
@@ -328,14 +330,14 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                 }
             };
             let dialog = dialog
-                .title(format!("与 {name} 的 SFTP 连接已断开"))
+                .title(t!("explorer.connection.lost_title", name = name))
                 .description(description.clone());
             if can_reconnect {
                 dialog
                     .button_props(
                         DialogButtonProps::default()
-                            .ok_text("重新连接")
-                            .cancel_text("取消"),
+                            .ok_text(t!("explorer.connection.reconnect"))
+                            .cancel_text(t!("common.cancel")),
                     )
                     .show_cancel(true)
                     .on_cancel(restore.clone())
@@ -348,7 +350,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                     })
             } else {
                 dialog
-                    .button_props(DialogButtonProps::default().ok_text("知道了"))
+                    .button_props(DialogButtonProps::default().ok_text(t!("explorer.ok")))
                     .on_ok(restore)
             }
         });
@@ -417,8 +419,9 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
     pub fn disconnect(&mut self, window: &mut Window, cx: &mut Context<Self>) {
         self.send(SftpCommand::Disconnect);
         self.state = ConnectionState::Disconnected;
-        self.remote
-            .update(cx, |pane, cx| pane.disconnected("SFTP 已断开".into(), cx));
+        self.remote.update(cx, |pane, cx| {
+            pane.disconnected(t!("explorer.connection.lost").to_string(), cx)
+        });
         self.close_transfer_dialog(window, cx);
         self.sync_available(cx);
         cx.emit(ExplorerPanelEvent::StateChanged(self.id, self.host_id));
@@ -775,7 +778,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                     files: true,
                     directories: true,
                     multiple: true,
-                    prompt: Some("选择要上传的文件或目录".into()),
+                    prompt: Some(t!("explorer.choose_upload")),
                 });
                 let target = self.remote.read(cx).path();
                 cx.spawn_in(window, async move |this, cx| {
@@ -935,13 +938,13 @@ impl Panel for ExplorerPanel {
             Button::new(("open-sftp", id.0))
                 .icon(Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FolderTree))
                 .label("SFTP")
-                .tooltip("打开 SFTP 文件浏览")
+                .tooltip(t!("explorer.tab.open_sftp_tip"))
                 .on_click(move |_, window, cx| {
                     window.dispatch_action(Box::new(OpenExplorer(host_id)), cx)
                 }),
             Button::new(("reconnect-sftp", id.0))
                 .icon(Icon::new(CatalogIcon::RefreshCw))
-                .tooltip("重新连接")
+                .tooltip(t!("explorer.connection.reconnect"))
                 .disabled(!self.can_reconnect())
                 .on_click(move |_, window, cx| {
                     window.dispatch_action(
@@ -1068,18 +1071,18 @@ impl TabMenu {
     fn build(&self, menu: PopupMenu, cx: &App) -> PopupMenu {
         let (id, host_id) = (self.id, self.host_id);
         let copy_host = if self.host_is_ip {
-            "复制 IP 地址"
+            t!("explorer.tab.copy_ip")
         } else {
-            "复制主机名"
+            t!("explorer.tab.copy_host_name")
         };
         let menu = menu
             .menu_with_icon(
-                "重命名标签…",
+                t!("explorer.tab.rename"),
                 Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Pencil),
                 Box::new(RenameExplorer(id)),
             )
             .menu_with_icon(
-                "打开 SFTP",
+                t!("explorer.tab.open_sftp"),
                 Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FolderTree),
                 Box::new(OpenExplorer(host_id)),
             )
@@ -1089,7 +1092,7 @@ impl TabMenu {
                 Box::new(CopyHostAddress(host_id)),
             )
             .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-                "重新连接",
+                t!("explorer.connection.reconnect"),
                 Icon::new(CatalogIcon::RefreshCw),
                 Box::new(ExplorerAction::new(id, ExplorerCommand::Reconnect)),
                 !self.can_reconnect,
diff --git a/src/explorer/file_dialogs.rs b/src/explorer/file_dialogs.rs
index d16e3d8..6cd63a4 100644
--- a/src/explorer/file_dialogs.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/file_dialogs.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 use super::{ExplorerPanel, NewEntryKind, PaneOperation};
 use crate::app::ExplorerCommand;
+use crate::i18n::{t, tn};
 use crate::shared::{commit_footer, dismiss_form_error, form_error_notification};
 use gpui_kit::component::{
     Sizable as _, WindowExt as _,
@@ -21,19 +22,19 @@ pub fn validate_entry_name(
     existing: &[String],
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
     if name.trim().is_empty() {
-        return Err("名称不能为空".into());
+        return Err(t!("explorer.name.empty").into());
     }
     if matches!(name, "." | "..") {
-        return Err("名称不能是「.」或「..」".into());
+        return Err(t!("explorer.name.dots").into());
     }
     if name.contains(['/', '\0']) {
-        return Err("名称不能包含「/」".into());
+        return Err(t!("explorer.name.slash").into());
     }
     if original == Some(name) {
-        return Err("名称未改变".into());
+        return Err(t!("explorer.name.unchanged").into());
     }
     if existing.iter().any(|existing| existing == name) {
-        return Err(format!("已有名为「{name}」的项目"));
+        return Err(t!("explorer.name.exists", name = name).into());
     }
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -47,14 +48,14 @@ enum NameIntent {
 
 struct NameForm {
     input: Entity<InputState>,
-    label: &'static str,
+    label: SharedString,
 }
 impl Render for NameForm {
     fn render(&mut self, _: &mut Window, _: &mut Context<Self>) -> impl IntoElement {
         v_flex().gap_2().child(
             Form::new().child(
                 Field::new()
-                    .label(self.label)
+                    .label(self.label.clone())
                     .required(true)
                     .child(Input::new(&self.input).id("entry-name").small()),
             ),
@@ -76,26 +77,28 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
             return;
         }
         let title = if let [name] = names.as_slice() {
-            format!("删除「{name}」？")
+            t!("explorer.delete.title_one", name = name)
         } else {
-            format!("删除 {} 个项目？", names.len())
+            tn!("explorer.delete.title_several", names.len())
         };
         let description = if remote {
-            "远程文件无法恢复，目录会连同其中全部内容一起删除。"
+            t!("explorer.delete.remote")
+        } else if cfg!(windows) {
+            t!("explorer.delete.recycle_bin")
         } else {
-            "项目会移到废纸篓。"
+            t!("explorer.delete.trash")
         };
         let sender = self.sender();
         let focus = window.focused(cx);
         window.open_alert_dialog(cx, move |dialog, _, _| {
             dialog
                 .title(title.clone())
-                .description(description)
+                .description(description.clone())
                 .button_props(
                     DialogButtonProps::default()
-                        .ok_text("删除")
+                        .ok_text(t!("common.delete"))
                         .ok_variant(ButtonVariant::Danger)
-                        .cancel_text("取消"),
+                        .cancel_text(t!("common.cancel")),
                 )
                 .show_cancel(true)
                 .on_cancel({
@@ -163,16 +166,16 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
             .collect();
         let (title, initial, commit, label) = match &intent {
             NameIntent::Rename(name) => (
-                format!("重命名「{name}」"),
+                t!("explorer.rename.title", name = name),
                 name.clone(),
-                "重命名",
-                "新名称",
+                t!("explorer.rename.commit"),
+                t!("explorer.rename.label"),
             ),
             NameIntent::New(kind) => (
-                kind.title().to_string(),
+                kind.title(),
                 kind.default_name().to_string(),
-                "创建",
-                "名称",
+                t!("explorer.new.commit"),
+                t!("explorer.new.label"),
             ),
         };
         let input = cx.new(|cx| InputState::new(window, cx).default_value(initial));
@@ -185,7 +188,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                 // Closed by its buttons or Escape, not by a click beside it.
                 .overlay_closable(false)
                 .child(form.clone())
-                .footer(commit_footer("commit", commit))
+                .footer(commit_footer("commit", commit.clone()))
                 .on_ok({
                     let (form, sender, intent, existing) = (
                         form.clone(),
diff --git a/src/explorer/file_edit.rs b/src/explorer/file_edit.rs
index 0ff86a1..8478665 100644
--- a/src/explorer/file_edit.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/file_edit.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use super::preview::{IMAGE_LIMIT, Preview, PreviewContent, PreviewKind, open_pre
 use super::{ExplorerPanel, ExplorerPanelEvent, format_size};
 use crate::app::{ExplorerAction, ExplorerCommand, ExplorerDispatch as _};
 use crate::host::ConnectionState;
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use crate::sftp::{
     EDIT_LIMIT, FileBytes, FileStamp, ReadFailure, RemotePath, SaveFailure, SftpCommand, TextFile,
     read_local_bytes, read_local_text,
@@ -191,9 +192,11 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                     path: path.clone(),
                 });
                 Some(cx.spawn(async move |_, _| {
-                    receiver
-                        .await
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| Err(ReadFailure::Failed("SFTP 连接已断开".into())))
+                    receiver.await.unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                        Err(ReadFailure::Failed(
+                            t!("explorer.file.connection_lost").into(),
+                        ))
+                    })
                 }))
             }
         }
@@ -227,9 +230,11 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                     limit,
                 });
                 Some(cx.spawn(async move |_, _| {
-                    receiver
-                        .await
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| Err(ReadFailure::Failed("SFTP 连接已断开".into())))
+                    receiver.await.unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                        Err(ReadFailure::Failed(
+                            t!("explorer.file.connection_lost").into(),
+                        ))
+                    })
                 }))
             }
         }
@@ -259,9 +264,11 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
         Some(cx.spawn(async move |_, _| {
             // The connection dropped before the answer: the write may have
             // stopped halfway.
-            receiver
-                .await
-                .unwrap_or_else(|_| Err(SaveFailure::Interrupted("SFTP 连接已断开".into())))
+            receiver.await.unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                Err(SaveFailure::Interrupted(
+                    t!("explorer.file.connection_lost").into(),
+                ))
+            })
         }))
     }
 
@@ -310,7 +317,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                 false
             }
             ConnectionState::Connecting => {
-                window.push_notification(Notification::warning("正在连接 SFTP，请稍候再试。"), cx);
+                window.push_notification(Notification::warning(t!("explorer.file.connecting")), cx);
                 false
             }
         }
@@ -393,28 +400,40 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
         cx: &mut Context<Self>,
     ) {
         let name = location.name();
-        let (title, what, limit) = match opening {
-            Opening::Edit => (format!("无法在编辑器中打开“{name}”"), "编辑器", EDIT_LIMIT),
-            Opening::Preview(PreviewKind::Image(_)) => {
-                (format!("无法预览“{name}”"), "预览", IMAGE_LIMIT)
-            }
+        let editing = opening == Opening::Edit;
+        let (title, limit) = match opening {
+            Opening::Edit => (t!("explorer.file.edit_refused", name = name), EDIT_LIMIT),
+            Opening::Preview(PreviewKind::Image(_)) => (
+                t!("explorer.file.preview_refused", name = name),
+                IMAGE_LIMIT,
+            ),
             Opening::Preview(PreviewKind::Markdown) => {
-                (format!("无法预览“{name}”"), "预览", EDIT_LIMIT)
+                (t!("explorer.file.preview_refused", name = name), EDIT_LIMIT)
             }
         };
         let reason = match &failure {
-            ReadFailure::TooLarge(size) => format!(
-                "文件有 {}，{what}只打开 {} 以内的文件。",
-                format_size(*size),
-                format_size(limit)
-            ),
-            ReadFailure::NotText => {
-                "它不是 UTF-8 编码的文本文件：可能是二进制文件，或用了 GBK 等其他编码。".into()
+            ReadFailure::TooLarge(size) => {
+                let (size, limit) = (format_size(*size), format_size(limit));
+                if editing {
+                    t!(
+                        "explorer.file.too_large_for_editor",
+                        size = size,
+                        limit = limit
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    t!(
+                        "explorer.file.too_large_for_preview",
+                        size = size,
+                        limit = limit
+                    )
+                }
             }
-            ReadFailure::NotFile => "它不是普通文件。".into(),
+            ReadFailure::NotText => t!("explorer.file.not_text"),
+            ReadFailure::NotFile => t!("explorer.file.not_file"),
             ReadFailure::Failed(message) => {
                 window.push_notification(
-                    Notification::error(message.clone()).title(format!("无法打开“{name}”")),
+                    Notification::error(message.clone())
+                        .title(t!("explorer.file.open_failed", name = name)),
                     cx,
                 );
                 return;
@@ -422,7 +441,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
         };
         let download = self.download_action(location, cx);
         let description = if download.is_some() {
-            format!("{reason}可以下载到本机，用别的程序打开。")
+            t!("explorer.file.download_instead", reason = reason)
         } else {
             reason
         };
@@ -433,8 +452,8 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                 Some(download) => alert
                     .button_props(
                         DialogButtonProps::default()
-                            .ok_text("下载…")
-                            .cancel_text("取消"),
+                            .ok_text(t!("explorer.file.download"))
+                            .cancel_text(t!("common.cancel")),
                     )
                     .show_cancel(true)
                     .on_ok({
@@ -448,7 +467,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                             true
                         }
                     }),
-                None => alert.button_props(DialogButtonProps::default().ok_text("知道了")),
+                None => alert.button_props(DialogButtonProps::default().ok_text(t!("explorer.ok"))),
             }
         });
     }
diff --git a/src/explorer/file_listing.rs b/src/explorer/file_listing.rs
index e6885c1..26b727a 100644
--- a/src/explorer/file_listing.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/file_listing.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use crate::app::ExplorerDispatch as _;
 use crate::app::{CatalogIcon, ExplorerAction, ExplorerCommand};
+use crate::i18n::{t, tn};
+use crate::sftp::TransferDirection;
 use gpui_kit::component::{
     ActiveTheme as _, Icon, IconName, Sizable as _, h_flex,
     table::{Column, ColumnSort, TableDelegate, TableState},
@@ -33,7 +35,32 @@ pub(super) struct ListingContext {
     /// Where the rows are, for the selection rectangle.
     pub geometry: Rc<ListGeometry>,
     /// What the list says while it has no rows.
-    pub placeholder: SharedString,
+    pub placeholder: ListPlaceholder,
+}
+
+/// What the list says while it has no rows, put in words as it is drawn.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) enum ListPlaceholder {
+    Connecting,
+    #[default]
+    Reading,
+    OnlyHidden,
+    Empty,
+    NotConnected,
+    Unreadable,
+}
+
+impl ListPlaceholder {
+    fn text(self) -> SharedString {
+        match self {
+            Self::Connecting => t!("explorer.list.connecting"),
+            Self::Reading => t!("explorer.list.reading"),
+            Self::OnlyHidden => t!("explorer.list.only_hidden"),
+            Self::Empty => t!("explorer.list.empty"),
+            Self::NotConnected => t!("explorer.list.not_connected"),
+            Self::Unreadable => t!("explorer.list.unreadable"),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Where the list and its rows are on screen, recorded as they paint, so a
@@ -112,27 +139,41 @@ pub struct FileListing {
 /// WinSCP's columns for each side. Column widths are an API boundary that
 /// takes `Pixels`.
 fn columns(side: PaneSide) -> Vec<Column> {
+    let column = |key: &'static str, width: f32| {
+        Column::new(key, column_title(key))
+            .width(px(width))
+            .sortable()
+    };
     match side {
         PaneSide::Local => vec![
             name_column(px(260.)),
-            Column::new("size", "大小").width(px(100.)).sortable(),
-            Column::new("type", "类型").width(px(100.)).sortable(),
-            Column::new("modified", "修改时间")
-                .width(px(150.))
-                .sortable(),
+            column("size", 100.),
+            column("type", 100.),
+            column("modified", 150.),
         ],
         PaneSide::Remote => vec![
             name_column(px(240.)),
-            Column::new("size", "大小").width(px(100.)).sortable(),
-            Column::new("modified", "修改时间")
-                .width(px(150.))
-                .sortable(),
-            Column::new("rights", "权限").width(px(96.)).sortable(),
-            Column::new("owner", "所有者").width(px(80.)).sortable(),
+            column("size", 100.),
+            column("modified", 150.),
+            column("rights", 96.),
+            column("owner", 80.),
         ],
     }
 }
 
+/// A column's title, by its key, in the interface language.
+fn column_title(key: &str) -> SharedString {
+    match key {
+        "name" => t!("explorer.column.name"),
+        "size" => t!("explorer.column.size"),
+        "type" => t!("explorer.column.type"),
+        "modified" => t!("explorer.column.modified"),
+        "rights" => t!("explorer.column.rights"),
+        "owner" => t!("explorer.column.owner"),
+        _ => SharedString::default(),
+    }
+}
+
 impl FileListing {
     pub fn new(side: PaneSide) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -150,6 +191,14 @@ impl FileListing {
         self.context = context;
     }
 
+    /// Title the columns in the interface language again, widths as they
+    /// are; the table takes the titles on its next `refresh`.
+    pub(super) fn retitle_columns(&mut self) {
+        for column in &mut self.columns {
+            column.name = column_title(&column.key);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// The rows shown, in display order.
     pub fn rows(&self) -> &[FileEntry] {
         &self.rows
@@ -209,8 +258,16 @@ impl FileListing {
         };
         let paths = names.iter().map(|name| self.child_path(name));
         match self.side {
-            PaneSide::Local => drag_files(cell, paths.map(PathBuf::from).collect(), "上传"),
-            PaneSide::Remote => drag_files(cell, paths.collect::<Vec<String>>(), "下载"),
+            PaneSide::Local => drag_files(
+                cell,
+                paths.map(PathBuf::from).collect(),
+                TransferDirection::Upload,
+            ),
+            PaneSide::Remote => drag_files(
+                cell,
+                paths.collect::<Vec<String>>(),
+                TransferDirection::Download,
+            ),
         }
     }
 
@@ -549,7 +606,7 @@ impl TableDelegate for FileListing {
         _: &mut Window,
         cx: &mut Context<TableState<Self>>,
     ) -> impl IntoElement {
-        let text = self.context.placeholder.clone();
+        let text = self.context.placeholder.text();
         div()
             .id("list-placeholder")
             .size_full()
@@ -568,7 +625,7 @@ impl TableDelegate for FileListing {
 /// included, so it has none of the table's: the cell and the title pad
 /// themselves as the table would (`px_1p5`, the small table's 6 px).
 fn name_column(width: Pixels) -> Column {
-    Column::new("name", "名称")
+    Column::new("name", column_title("name"))
         .width(width)
         .paddings(Edges::all(px(0.)))
         .sortable()
@@ -583,16 +640,20 @@ pub(super) struct FilesDrag<P> {
 pub(super) type LocalFilesDrag = FilesDrag<PathBuf>;
 pub(super) type RemoteFilesDrag = FilesDrag<String>;
 
-/// Let `cell` be dragged to the other pane, carrying `paths`. `verb` is what
-/// dropping them there does.
-fn drag_files<P: 'static>(cell: Stateful<Div>, paths: Vec<P>, verb: &'static str) -> Stateful<Div> {
+/// Let `cell` be dragged to the other pane, carrying `paths`, which dropping
+/// there moves in `direction`.
+fn drag_files<P: 'static>(
+    cell: Stateful<Div>,
+    paths: Vec<P>,
+    direction: TransferDirection,
+) -> Stateful<Div> {
     let drag = FilesDrag {
         paths,
         spot: DropSpot::default(),
     };
     cell.on_drag(drag, move |drag, _, _, cx| {
         cx.new(|_| FileDragPreview {
-            verb,
+            direction,
             count: drag.paths.len(),
             spot: drag.spot.clone(),
         })
@@ -675,7 +736,7 @@ impl DropSpot {
 }
 
 struct FileDragPreview {
-    verb: &'static str,
+    direction: TransferDirection,
     count: usize,
     spot: DropSpot,
 }
@@ -698,7 +759,10 @@ impl Render for FileDragPreview {
         if !droppable {
             return div().child(pointer).into_any_element();
         }
-        let text = format!("{} {} 个项目", self.verb, self.count);
+        let text = match self.direction {
+            TransferDirection::Upload => tn!("explorer.drag.upload", self.count),
+            TransferDirection::Download => tn!("explorer.drag.download", self.count),
+        };
         div()
             .id("file-drag-preview")
             .px_3()
diff --git a/src/explorer/file_pane.rs b/src/explorer/file_pane.rs
index 2622477..6e1b49c 100644
--- a/src/explorer/file_pane.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/file_pane.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 use super::{
     ClickMode, CursorMotion, ExplorerId, FileEntry, FileListing, FileSizeFormat, LoadIntent,
     NavigationHistory, PreviewKind, Selection, ShowHiddenFiles, child_path,
-    file_listing::{ListGeometry, ListingContext, MenuHit, Pressed, accept_drops, offer_drop},
+    file_listing::{
+        ListGeometry, ListPlaceholder, ListingContext, MenuHit, Pressed, accept_drops, offer_drop,
+    },
     pane_menu::{
         PaneMenuState, bookmark_menu, directory_menu, item_menu, new_menu, size_format_menu,
     },
@@ -15,7 +17,8 @@ use crate::{
         REMOTE_FILE_LIST_CONTEXT, ToggleHiddenFiles,
     },
     host::{BookmarkSide, ConnectionState, HostId, HostStore},
-    sftp::{DirectoryListing, SharedLocalDirectoryProvider},
+    i18n::{UiLocale, t, tn},
+    sftp::{DirectoryListing, Place, SharedLocalDirectoryProvider},
 };
 use gpui_kit::component::{
     ActiveTheme as _, Disableable as _, Icon, IconName, Sizable as _,
@@ -80,11 +83,20 @@ impl PaneSide {
     pub fn from_remote(remote: bool) -> Self {
         if remote { Self::Remote } else { Self::Local }
     }
-    pub fn label(self) -> &'static str {
+    /// What assistive technology calls this side's path label.
+    pub(super) fn path_label_name(self) -> SharedString {
         if self == Self::Local {
-            "本地"
+            t!("explorer.path.local")
         } else {
-            "远程"
+            t!("explorer.path.remote")
+        }
+    }
+    /// What assistive technology calls this side's 目录列表 select.
+    fn directory_select_name(self) -> SharedString {
+        if self == Self::Local {
+            t!("explorer.directory_select.local")
+        } else {
+            t!("explorer.directory_select.remote")
         }
     }
     fn pane_id(self) -> &'static str {
@@ -171,7 +183,7 @@ pub struct FilePane {
     pub(super) path: String,
     home: String,
     /// Well-known local places for the 目录列表 select; empty for remote.
-    places: Vec<(SharedString, String)>,
+    places: Vec<(Place, String)>,
     table: Entity<TableState<FileListing>>,
     /// The path label part under the pointer, by the directory it opens.
     pub(super) hovered_part: Option<String>,
@@ -224,7 +236,7 @@ impl FilePane {
         explorer: ExplorerId,
         host_id: HostId,
         home: String,
-        places: Vec<(SharedString, String)>,
+        places: Vec<(Place, String)>,
         store: Entity<HostStore>,
         dispatch: FocusHandle,
         window: &mut Window,
@@ -262,6 +274,15 @@ impl FilePane {
             ),
             cx.observe(&store, |_, _, cx| cx.notify()),
             cx.observe_global::<ShowHiddenFiles>(|pane, cx| pane.sync_hidden_files(cx)),
+            // The column titles and the select's groups are kept by
+            // gpui-kit, so they are given again in the new language.
+            cx.observe_global_in::<UiLocale>(window, |pane, window, cx| {
+                pane.table.update(cx, |table, cx| {
+                    table.delegate_mut().retitle_columns();
+                    table.refresh(cx);
+                });
+                pane.sync_path_select(window, cx);
+            }),
         ];
         let mut pane = Self {
             side,
@@ -489,9 +510,7 @@ impl FilePane {
             pane: Some(cx.entity().downgrade()),
             menu_hit: self.menu_hit.clone(),
             geometry: self.geometry.clone(),
-            placeholder: self
-                .placeholder(self.table.read(cx).delegate().hidden_count())
-                .into(),
+            placeholder: self.placeholder(self.table.read(cx).delegate().hidden_count()),
         };
         self.table.update(cx, |table, cx| {
             table.delegate_mut().configure(context);
@@ -504,22 +523,22 @@ impl FilePane {
     /// the read is slow, like the status line, so a quick refresh does not
     /// flicker. A directory of nothing but hidden files, not shown, is not
     /// empty.
-    fn placeholder(&self, hidden: usize) -> &'static str {
+    fn placeholder(&self, hidden: usize) -> ListPlaceholder {
         if self.connection == ConnectionState::Connecting {
-            "正在连接 SFTP…"
+            ListPlaceholder::Connecting
         } else if self.loading && (!self.listed || self.slow_load) {
-            "正在读取目录…"
+            ListPlaceholder::Reading
         } else if self.listed && hidden > 0 {
-            "只有隐藏文件"
+            ListPlaceholder::OnlyHidden
         } else if self.listed {
-            "空目录"
+            ListPlaceholder::Empty
         } else if self.connection == ConnectionState::Disconnected {
-            "未连接"
+            ListPlaceholder::NotConnected
         } else if self.error.is_some() {
-            "无法读取目录"
+            ListPlaceholder::Unreadable
         } else {
             // Before the first read is asked for.
-            "正在读取目录…"
+            ListPlaceholder::Reading
         }
     }
     fn update_selection(
@@ -686,21 +705,22 @@ impl FilePane {
     /// wrong goes to the window's status line instead, see `problem`.
     fn render_status(&self, file_count: usize, selected: usize, cx: &App) -> impl IntoElement {
         let hidden = self.table.read(cx).delegate().hidden_count();
-        let status = if self.connection == ConnectionState::Connecting {
-            "正在连接 SFTP…".to_string()
+        let status: SharedString = if self.connection == ConnectionState::Connecting {
+            t!("explorer.list.connecting")
         } else if let Some(name) = &self.opening {
-            format!("正在打开 {name}…")
+            t!("explorer.status.opening", name = name)
         } else if self.slow_load {
-            "正在读取目录…".to_string()
+            t!("explorer.list.reading")
         } else {
-            let mut status = format!("{file_count} 个项目");
+            // Counts, each a phrase of its own, joined by a dot.
+            let mut parts = vec![tn!("explorer.status.items", file_count)];
             if hidden > 0 {
-                status.push_str(&format!(" · 隐藏 {hidden} 项"));
+                parts.push(tn!("explorer.status.hidden", hidden));
             }
             if selected > 0 {
-                status.push_str(&format!(" · 已选择 {selected} 项"));
+                parts.push(tn!("explorer.status.selected", selected));
             }
-            status
+            parts.join(" · ").into()
         };
         h_flex()
             .id("pane-status")
@@ -907,27 +927,30 @@ impl FilePane {
         let side = self.side;
         let chain = path_ancestors(&self.path, side == PaneSide::Remote);
         let mut groups = vec![
-            SearchableGroup::new("当前路径").items(chain.into_iter().enumerate().map(
-                |(depth, (title, path))| PathChoice {
-                    title: title.into(),
-                    path: path.into(),
-                    depth,
-                    home: false,
-                    side,
-                },
-            )),
+            SearchableGroup::new(t!("explorer.directory_select.current")).items(
+                chain
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .map(|(depth, (title, path))| PathChoice {
+                        title: title.into(),
+                        path: path.into(),
+                        depth,
+                        home: false,
+                        side,
+                    }),
+            ),
         ];
         if !self.places.is_empty() {
             groups.push(
-                SearchableGroup::new("位置").items(self.places.iter().enumerate().map(
-                    |(ix, (title, path))| PathChoice {
-                        title: title.clone(),
+                SearchableGroup::new(t!("explorer.directory_select.places")).items(
+                    self.places.iter().map(|(place, path)| PathChoice {
+                        title: place.title(),
                         path: path.clone().into(),
                         depth: 0,
-                        home: ix == 0,
+                        home: *place == Place::Home,
                         side,
-                    },
-                )),
+                    }),
+                ),
             );
         }
         let current: SharedString = self.path.clone().into();
@@ -950,7 +973,7 @@ impl FilePane {
                 .background_spawn(async move {
                     provider
                         .list(&PathBuf::from(path))
-                        .map_err(|e| format!("无法读取目录：{e}"))
+                        .map_err(|e| t!("explorer.list.read_failed", error = e).to_string())
                 })
                 .await;
             let _ = this.update_in(cx, |this, window, cx| {
@@ -1000,14 +1023,14 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
         let navigable = self.takes_commands();
         // A toolbar button dispatches the same command as its key binding,
         // and its tooltip shows that binding.
-        let tool = |id: &'static str, icon: Icon, tip: &'static str, command: ExplorerCommand| {
+        let tool = |id: &'static str, icon: Icon, tip: SharedString, command: ExplorerCommand| {
             let dispatch = self.dispatch.clone();
             let shortcut = ExplorerShortcut(command.clone());
             Button::new(id)
                 .ghost()
                 .small()
                 .icon(icon)
-                .accessibility_label(tip)
+                .accessibility_label(tip.clone())
                 .tooltip_with_action(tip, &shortcut, Some(context))
                 .on_click(move |_, window, cx| {
                     dispatch.dispatch_explorer_action(
@@ -1039,9 +1062,9 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 .child(row)
         };
         let hidden_files_tip = if state.show_hidden {
-            "不显示隐藏文件"
+            t!("explorer.toolbar.hide_hidden_files")
         } else {
-            "显示隐藏文件"
+            t!("explorer.command.show_hidden_files")
         };
         let navigation = toolbar()
             // `Select` fills its parent (`size_full`), so it needs a sized
@@ -1052,7 +1075,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                         .id("path-select")
                         .small()
                         .menu_width(rems(18.))
-                        .accessibility_label(format!("{}目录", self.side.label()))
+                        .accessibility_label(self.side.directory_select_name())
                         .disabled(!navigable),
                 ),
             )
@@ -1067,7 +1090,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                         tool(
                             "bookmarks",
                             Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Bookmark),
-                            "打开目录/书签…",
+                            t!("explorer.command.open_directory"),
                             ExplorerCommand::OpenDirectory { remote },
                         )
                         .disabled(!navigable),
@@ -1080,7 +1103,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 tool(
                     "up",
                     Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FolderUp),
-                    "上级目录",
+                    t!("explorer.command.up"),
                     ExplorerCommand::Up { remote },
                 )
                 .disabled(!navigable || !state.can_go_up),
@@ -1089,7 +1112,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 tool(
                     "root",
                     Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FolderRoot),
-                    "根目录",
+                    t!("explorer.command.root"),
                     ExplorerCommand::Root { remote },
                 )
                 .disabled(!navigable || !state.can_go_up),
@@ -1098,7 +1121,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 tool(
                     "home",
                     Icon::new(CatalogIcon::House),
-                    "主目录",
+                    t!("explorer.command.home"),
                     ExplorerCommand::Home { remote },
                 )
                 .disabled(!navigable || !state.can_go_home),
@@ -1107,7 +1130,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 tool(
                     "refresh",
                     Icon::new(CatalogIcon::RefreshCw),
-                    "刷新",
+                    t!("explorer.command.refresh"),
                     ExplorerCommand::Refresh { remote },
                 )
                 .disabled(!navigable),
@@ -1117,7 +1140,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 tool(
                     "back",
                     Icon::new(IconName::ArrowLeft),
-                    "后退",
+                    t!("explorer.command.back"),
                     ExplorerCommand::Back { remote },
                 )
                 .disabled(!navigable || !state.can_go_back),
@@ -1126,7 +1149,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 tool(
                     "forward",
                     Icon::new(IconName::ArrowRight),
-                    "前进",
+                    t!("explorer.command.forward"),
                     ExplorerCommand::Forward { remote },
                 )
                 .disabled(!navigable || !state.can_go_forward),
@@ -1144,7 +1167,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                     } else {
                         CatalogIcon::EyeOff
                     }))
-                    .accessibility_label(hidden_files_tip)
+                    .accessibility_label(hidden_files_tip.clone())
                     .tooltip_with_action(
                         hidden_files_tip,
                         &ToggleHiddenFiles(self.side),
@@ -1163,9 +1186,19 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
             );
         let transfer_shortcut = ExplorerShortcut(ExplorerCommand::Transfer { remote });
         let (id, icon, label, tip) = if remote {
-            ("download", CatalogIcon::Download, "下载…", "下载所选项目")
+            (
+                "download",
+                CatalogIcon::Download,
+                t!("explorer.command.download"),
+                t!("explorer.toolbar.download_tip"),
+            )
         } else {
-            ("upload", CatalogIcon::Upload, "上传…", "上传所选项目")
+            (
+                "upload",
+                CatalogIcon::Upload,
+                t!("explorer.command.upload"),
+                t!("explorer.toolbar.upload_tip"),
+            )
         };
         let transfer = Button::new(id)
             .icon(Icon::new(icon))
@@ -1192,7 +1225,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 .disabled(!state.can_transfer)
                 .dropdown_menu(move |menu, _, _| {
                     menu.menu(
-                        "选择文件上传…",
+                        t!("explorer.toolbar.choose_files"),
                         Box::new(ExplorerAction::new(sid, ExplorerCommand::ChooseFiles)),
                     )
                 })
@@ -1205,7 +1238,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 tool(
                     "delete",
                     Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Trash),
-                    "删除",
+                    t!("common.delete"),
                     ExplorerCommand::Delete { remote },
                 )
                 .disabled(selected == 0 || !state.can_modify),
@@ -1214,7 +1247,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 tool(
                     "rename",
                     Icon::new(CatalogIcon::SquarePen),
-                    "重命名…",
+                    t!("explorer.command.rename"),
                     ExplorerCommand::Rename { remote },
                 )
                 .disabled(selected != 1 || !state.can_modify),
@@ -1223,7 +1256,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                 tool(
                     "properties",
                     Icon::new(IconName::Info),
-                    "属性…",
+                    t!("explorer.command.properties"),
                     ExplorerCommand::Properties { remote },
                 )
                 .disabled(selected == 0 || !state.can_modify),
@@ -1235,7 +1268,7 @@ impl Render for FilePane {
                     .ghost()
                     .small()
                     .icon(Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FolderPlus))
-                    .label("新建")
+                    .label(t!("explorer.command.new"))
                     .dropdown_caret(true)
                     .disabled(!state.can_modify)
                     .dropdown_menu(move |popup, _, _| new_menu(popup, &menu))
diff --git a/src/explorer/image_preview.rs b/src/explorer/image_preview.rs
index fc55c73..bf6c11e 100644
--- a/src/explorer/image_preview.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/image_preview.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use crate::app::{
     ActualSizePreview, CatalogIcon, FitPreview, IMAGE_PREVIEW_CONTEXT, ZoomPreviewIn,
     ZoomPreviewOut,
 };
+use crate::i18n::t;
 
 /// The zoom levels the buttons and keys step through, as a share of the
 /// image's own size (one image pixel to one point at 100%).
@@ -234,15 +235,14 @@ impl Render for ImagePreview {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| size(viewport.width * 0.8 - px(48.), height));
         let scale = pixels.map(|image| self.scale(frame, image));
         let info: SharedString = match pixels {
-            Some(image) => format!(
-                "{} × {} 像素 · {}",
-                f32::from(image.width) as u32,
-                f32::from(image.height) as u32,
-                format_size(self.bytes)
+            Some(image) => t!(
+                "explorer.preview.image_info",
+                width = f32::from(image.width) as u32,
+                height = f32::from(image.height) as u32,
+                size = format_size(self.bytes)
             ),
-            None => format_size(self.bytes),
-        }
-        .into();
+            None => format_size(self.bytes).into(),
+        };
         // Only the scale: whether it fits is the 适合窗口 button's state.
         let zoom_label: SharedString = scale.map(percent).unwrap_or_default().into();
         let focus = self.focus_handle.clone();
@@ -273,8 +273,12 @@ impl Render for ImagePreview {
                     .ghost()
                     .small()
                     .icon(Icon::new(CatalogIcon::ZoomOut))
-                    .accessibility_label("缩小")
-                    .tooltip_with_action("缩小", &ZoomPreviewOut, Some(IMAGE_PREVIEW_CONTEXT))
+                    .accessibility_label(t!("explorer.preview.zoom_out"))
+                    .tooltip_with_action(
+                        t!("explorer.preview.zoom_out"),
+                        &ZoomPreviewOut,
+                        Some(IMAGE_PREVIEW_CONTEXT),
+                    )
                     .on_click(command(Box::new(ZoomPreviewOut))),
             )
             .child(
@@ -293,27 +297,35 @@ impl Render for ImagePreview {
                     .ghost()
                     .small()
                     .icon(Icon::new(CatalogIcon::ZoomIn))
-                    .accessibility_label("放大")
-                    .tooltip_with_action("放大", &ZoomPreviewIn, Some(IMAGE_PREVIEW_CONTEXT))
+                    .accessibility_label(t!("explorer.preview.zoom_in"))
+                    .tooltip_with_action(
+                        t!("explorer.preview.zoom_in"),
+                        &ZoomPreviewIn,
+                        Some(IMAGE_PREVIEW_CONTEXT),
+                    )
                     .on_click(command(Box::new(ZoomPreviewIn))),
             )
             .child(
                 Button::new("preview-fit")
                     .ghost()
                     .small()
-                    .label("适合窗口")
+                    .label(t!("explorer.preview.fit"))
                     .selected(self.zoom == Zoom::Fit)
-                    .tooltip_with_action("适合窗口", &FitPreview, Some(IMAGE_PREVIEW_CONTEXT))
+                    .tooltip_with_action(
+                        t!("explorer.preview.fit"),
+                        &FitPreview,
+                        Some(IMAGE_PREVIEW_CONTEXT),
+                    )
                     .on_click(command(Box::new(FitPreview))),
             )
             .child(
                 Button::new("preview-actual-size")
                     .ghost()
                     .small()
-                    .label("原图")
+                    .label(t!("explorer.preview.actual_size"))
                     .selected(self.zoom == Zoom::Scale(1.0))
                     .tooltip_with_action(
-                        "原图（100%）",
+                        t!("explorer.preview.actual_size_tip"),
                         &ActualSizePreview,
                         Some(IMAGE_PREVIEW_CONTEXT),
                     )
@@ -412,14 +424,14 @@ impl Render for ImagePreview {
                     .children(picture)
                     .when(pixels.is_none(), |scroll| {
                         let note = match &self.decoded {
-                            Some(Err(_)) => "无法显示这张图片",
-                            _ => "正在显示图片…",
+                            Some(Err(_)) => t!("explorer.preview.undecodable"),
+                            _ => t!("explorer.preview.decoding"),
                         };
                         scroll.child(
                             div()
                                 .id("preview-note")
                                 .test_support()
-                                .aria_label(note)
+                                .aria_label(note.clone())
                                 .size_full()
                                 .flex()
                                 .items_center()
diff --git a/src/explorer/model.rs b/src/explorer/model.rs
index 1186d06..0a38704 100644
--- a/src/explorer/model.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/model.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Directory row snapshots and display formatting.
 
 use super::PaneSide;
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use crate::sftp::{DirectoryEntry, EntryKind};
 use gpui_kit::{App, Global, SharedString};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -18,17 +19,17 @@ pub enum NewEntryKind {
 }
 
 impl NewEntryKind {
-    pub fn title(self) -> &'static str {
+    pub fn title(self) -> SharedString {
         match self {
-            NewEntryKind::Folder => "新建文件夹",
-            NewEntryKind::File => "新建文件",
+            NewEntryKind::Folder => t!("explorer.new.folder_title"),
+            NewEntryKind::File => t!("explorer.new.file_title"),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn default_name(self) -> &'static str {
+    pub fn default_name(self) -> SharedString {
         match self {
-            NewEntryKind::Folder => "新建文件夹",
-            NewEntryKind::File => "新建文件.txt",
+            NewEntryKind::Folder => t!("explorer.new.folder_name"),
+            NewEntryKind::File => t!("explorer.new.file_name"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -41,11 +42,11 @@ pub enum FileKind {
 }
 
 impl FileKind {
-    pub fn label(self) -> &'static str {
+    pub fn label(self) -> SharedString {
         match self {
-            FileKind::Dir => "文件夹",
-            FileKind::File => "文件",
-            FileKind::Symlink => "链接",
+            FileKind::Dir => t!("explorer.kind.folder"),
+            FileKind::File => t!("explorer.kind.file"),
+            FileKind::Symlink => t!("explorer.kind.link"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -149,12 +150,12 @@ impl FileEntry {
     /// The type shown in the 类型 column: the kind, or the extension for files.
     pub fn type_label(&self) -> String {
         if self.is_parent() {
-            return "上级目录".into();
+            return t!("explorer.kind.parent").into();
         }
         match self.kind {
             FileKind::File => match self.name.rsplit_once('.') {
                 Some((stem, ext)) if !stem.is_empty() && !ext.is_empty() => {
-                    format!("{} 文件", ext.to_uppercase())
+                    t!("explorer.kind.extension", ext = ext.to_uppercase()).into()
                 }
                 _ => self.kind.label().to_string(),
             },
@@ -317,11 +318,11 @@ impl FileSizeFormat {
         FileSizeFormat::Short,
     ];
 
-    pub fn label(self) -> &'static str {
+    pub fn label(self) -> SharedString {
         match self {
-            FileSizeFormat::Bytes => "字节",
-            FileSizeFormat::Kilobytes => "千字节（KB）",
-            FileSizeFormat::Short => "简短格式（B、KB、MB、GB）",
+            FileSizeFormat::Bytes => t!("explorer.size_format.bytes"),
+            FileSizeFormat::Kilobytes => t!("explorer.size_format.kilobytes"),
+            FileSizeFormat::Short => t!("explorer.size_format.short"),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/explorer/open_directory_dialog.rs b/src/explorer/open_directory_dialog.rs
index aeb279f..5c139ad 100644
--- a/src/explorer/open_directory_dialog.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/open_directory_dialog.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use crate::app::ExplorerDispatch as _;
 use crate::{
     app::{CatalogIcon, ExplorerAction, ExplorerCommand},
     host::{BookmarkSide, HostId, HostStore},
+    i18n::t,
     shared::{commit_footer, dismiss_form_error, form_error_notification},
 };
 use gpui_kit::component::{
@@ -75,7 +76,10 @@ impl OpenDirectoryForm {
     fn open(&mut self, window: &mut Window, cx: &mut Context<Self>) -> bool {
         let path = self.directory(cx);
         if path.is_empty() {
-            window.push_notification(form_error_notification("请输入要打开的目录"), cx);
+            window.push_notification(
+                form_error_notification(t!("explorer.open_directory.missing")),
+                cx,
+            );
             return false;
         }
         let remote = self.remote;
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ impl OpenDirectoryForm {
             files: false,
             directories: true,
             multiple: false,
-            prompt: Some("选择要打开的目录".into()),
+            prompt: Some(t!("explorer.open_directory.choose")),
         });
         cx.spawn_in(window, async move |this, cx| {
             if let Ok(Ok(Some(paths))) = choice.await
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@ impl OpenDirectoryForm {
             .id("bookmark-list")
             .test_support()
             .role(Role::ListBox)
-            .aria_label("书签")
+            .aria_label(t!("explorer.open_directory.bookmarks"))
             .track_focus(&self.list_focus)
             .flex_1()
             .min_w_0()
@@ -203,7 +207,7 @@ impl OpenDirectoryForm {
                         .px_2()
                         .py_1()
                         .text_color(theme.muted_foreground)
-                        .child("暂无书签"),
+                        .child(t!("explorer.bookmarks.none")),
                 )
             })
             .children(bookmarks.iter().enumerate().map(|(ix, path)| {
@@ -247,74 +251,96 @@ impl Render for OpenDirectoryForm {
         let bookmarks = self.bookmarks(cx);
         let selected = self.selected(cx);
         let typed = !self.directory(cx).is_empty();
-        let button = |id: &'static str, label: &'static str| Button::new(id).small().label(label);
+        let button = |id: &'static str, label: SharedString| Button::new(id).small().label(label);
         v_flex().gap_3().child(
             Form::new()
                 .child(
-                    Field::new().label("目录").child(
-                        h_flex()
-                            .gap_2()
-                            .child(
-                                Input::new(&self.input)
-                                    .id("open-directory-path")
-                                    .small()
-                                    .flex_1(),
-                            )
-                            .when(!self.remote, |this| {
-                                this.child(button("open-directory-browse", "浏览…").on_click(
-                                    cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| this.browse(window, cx)),
-                                ))
-                            }),
-                    ),
+                    Field::new()
+                        .label(t!("explorer.open_directory.folder"))
+                        .child(
+                            h_flex()
+                                .gap_2()
+                                .child(
+                                    Input::new(&self.input)
+                                        .id("open-directory-path")
+                                        .small()
+                                        .flex_1(),
+                                )
+                                .when(!self.remote, |this| {
+                                    this.child(
+                                        button("open-directory-browse", t!("explorer.browse"))
+                                            .on_click(cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| {
+                                                this.browse(window, cx)
+                                            })),
+                                    )
+                                }),
+                        ),
                 )
                 .child(
-                    Field::new().label("书签").child(
-                        h_flex()
-                            .gap_2()
-                            .items_start()
-                            .child(self.render_list(&bookmarks, selected, window, cx))
-                            .child(
-                                v_flex()
-                                    .gap_1()
-                                    .w(rems(5.))
-                                    .flex_shrink_0()
-                                    .child(
-                                        button("bookmark-add", "添加")
+                    Field::new()
+                        .label(t!("explorer.open_directory.bookmarks"))
+                        .child(
+                            h_flex()
+                                .gap_2()
+                                .items_start()
+                                .child(self.render_list(&bookmarks, selected, window, cx))
+                                .child(
+                                    v_flex()
+                                        .gap_1()
+                                        .w(rems(5.))
+                                        .flex_shrink_0()
+                                        .child(
+                                            button(
+                                                "bookmark-add",
+                                                t!("explorer.open_directory.add"),
+                                            )
                                             .w_full()
                                             .disabled(!typed || selected.is_some())
-                                            .on_click(cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| {
-                                                this.add(window, cx)
-                                            })),
-                                    )
-                                    .child(
-                                        button("bookmark-remove", "删除")
+                                            .on_click(
+                                                cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| {
+                                                    this.add(window, cx)
+                                                }),
+                                            ),
+                                        )
+                                        .child(
+                                            button(
+                                                "bookmark-remove",
+                                                t!("explorer.open_directory.remove"),
+                                            )
                                             .w_full()
                                             .disabled(selected.is_none())
-                                            .on_click(cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| {
-                                                this.remove(window, cx)
-                                            })),
-                                    )
-                                    .child(div().h_4())
-                                    .child(
-                                        button("bookmark-up", "上移")
-                                            .w_full()
-                                            .disabled(selected.is_none_or(|ix| ix == 0))
-                                            .on_click(cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| {
-                                                this.shift(-1, window, cx)
-                                            })),
-                                    )
-                                    .child(
-                                        button("bookmark-down", "下移")
+                                            .on_click(
+                                                cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| {
+                                                    this.remove(window, cx)
+                                                }),
+                                            ),
+                                        )
+                                        .child(div().h_4())
+                                        .child(
+                                            button("bookmark-up", t!("explorer.open_directory.up"))
+                                                .w_full()
+                                                .disabled(selected.is_none_or(|ix| ix == 0))
+                                                .on_click(cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| {
+                                                    this.shift(-1, window, cx)
+                                                })),
+                                        )
+                                        .child(
+                                            button(
+                                                "bookmark-down",
+                                                t!("explorer.open_directory.down"),
+                                            )
                                             .w_full()
                                             .disabled(
                                                 selected.is_none_or(|ix| ix + 1 >= bookmarks.len()),
                                             )
-                                            .on_click(cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| {
-                                                this.shift(1, window, cx)
-                                            })),
-                                    ),
-                            ),
-                    ),
+                                            .on_click(
+                                                cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| {
+                                                    this.shift(1, window, cx)
+                                                }),
+                                            ),
+                                        ),
+                                ),
+                        ),
                 ),
         )
     }
@@ -351,11 +377,14 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
         });
         window.open_dialog(cx, move |dialog, _, _| {
             dialog
-                .title("打开目录")
+                .title(t!("explorer.open_directory.title"))
                 // Closed by its buttons or Escape, not by a click beside it.
                 .overlay_closable(false)
                 .child(form.clone())
-                .footer(commit_footer("open-directory-confirm", "打开"))
+                .footer(commit_footer(
+                    "open-directory-confirm",
+                    t!("explorer.open_directory.open"),
+                ))
                 .on_ok({
                     let form = form.clone();
                     move |_, window, cx| form.update(cx, |form, cx| form.open(window, cx))
diff --git a/src/explorer/pane_menu.rs b/src/explorer/pane_menu.rs
index c2a9d95..8be5f7f 100644
--- a/src/explorer/pane_menu.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/pane_menu.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use super::{ExplorerId, FileSizeFormat, NewEntryKind, PaneSide, PreviewKind};
 use crate::app::{
     CatalogIcon, ExplorerAction, ExplorerCommand, SetFileSizeFormat, ToggleHiddenFiles,
 };
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use gpui_kit::component::{Icon, IconName, menu::PopupMenu};
 use gpui_kit::*;
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ pub(super) fn item_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
             menu
         } else {
             menu.menu_with_icon(
-                "编辑",
+                t!("explorer.command.edit"),
                 Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FilePenLine),
                 state.action(ExplorerCommand::Edit {
                     remote,
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ pub(super) fn item_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
         };
         let menu = if kind.is_some() {
             menu.menu_with_icon(
-                "预览",
+                t!("explorer.command.preview"),
                 Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Eye),
                 state.action(ExplorerCommand::Preview {
                     remote,
@@ -79,9 +80,9 @@ pub(super) fn item_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
         menu
     };
     let (verb, icon) = if remote {
-        ("下载…", CatalogIcon::Download)
+        (t!("explorer.command.download"), CatalogIcon::Download)
     } else {
-        ("上传…", CatalogIcon::Upload)
+        (t!("explorer.command.upload"), CatalogIcon::Upload)
     };
     menu.menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
         verb,
@@ -90,27 +91,27 @@ pub(super) fn item_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
         state.targets.is_empty() || !state.can_transfer,
     )
     .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-        "复制路径",
+        t!("explorer.command.copy_path"),
         Icon::new(IconName::Copy),
         state.action(ExplorerCommand::CopySelectedPaths { remote }),
         state.targets.is_empty(),
     )
     .separator()
     .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-        "删除",
+        t!("common.delete"),
         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Trash),
         state.action(ExplorerCommand::Delete { remote }),
         none,
     )
     .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-        "重命名…",
+        t!("explorer.command.rename"),
         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::SquarePen),
         state.action(ExplorerCommand::Rename { remote }),
         none || state.targets.len() != 1,
     )
     .separator()
     .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-        "属性…",
+        t!("explorer.command.properties"),
         Icon::new(IconName::Info),
         state.action(ExplorerCommand::Properties { remote }),
         none,
@@ -127,16 +128,17 @@ pub(super) fn directory_menu(
     let create = state.clone();
     let menu = refresh_items(menu, state, window, cx)
         .menu_with_check(
-            "显示隐藏文件",
+            t!("explorer.command.show_hidden_files"),
             state.show_hidden,
             Box::new(ToggleHiddenFiles(PaneSide::from_remote(state.remote))),
         )
         .separator();
-    add_bookmark_item(menu, state)
-        .separator()
-        .submenu("新建", window, cx, move |menu, _, _| {
-            new_menu(menu, &create)
-        })
+    add_bookmark_item(menu, state).separator().submenu(
+        t!("explorer.command.new"),
+        window,
+        cx,
+        move |menu, _, _| new_menu(menu, &create),
+    )
 }
 
 /// Right-click on the path label: WinSCP's panel menu.
@@ -149,13 +151,13 @@ pub(super) fn path_menu(
     let remote = state.remote;
     add_bookmark_item(refresh_items(menu, state, window, cx).separator(), state)
         .menu_with_icon(
-            "复制路径",
+            t!("explorer.command.copy_path"),
             Icon::new(IconName::Copy),
             state.action(ExplorerCommand::CopyPath { remote }),
         )
         .separator()
         .menu_with_icon(
-            "打开目录/书签…",
+            t!("explorer.command.open_directory"),
             Icon::new(IconName::FolderOpen),
             state.action(ExplorerCommand::OpenDirectory { remote }),
         )
@@ -170,41 +172,41 @@ fn refresh_items(
 ) -> PopupMenu {
     let remote = state.remote;
     let go = state.clone();
-    menu.submenu("前往", window, cx, move |menu, _, _| {
+    menu.submenu(t!("explorer.command.go"), window, cx, move |menu, _, _| {
         menu.menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-            "上级目录",
+            t!("explorer.command.up"),
             Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FolderUp),
             go.action(ExplorerCommand::Up { remote }),
             !go.can_go_up,
         )
         .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-            "根目录",
+            t!("explorer.command.root"),
             Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FolderRoot),
             go.action(ExplorerCommand::Root { remote }),
             !go.can_go_up,
         )
         .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-            "主目录",
+            t!("explorer.command.home"),
             Icon::new(CatalogIcon::House),
             go.action(ExplorerCommand::Home { remote }),
             !go.can_go_home,
         )
         .separator()
         .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-            "后退",
+            t!("explorer.command.back"),
             Icon::new(IconName::ArrowLeft),
             go.action(ExplorerCommand::Back { remote }),
             !go.can_go_back,
         )
         .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-            "前进",
+            t!("explorer.command.forward"),
             Icon::new(IconName::ArrowRight),
             go.action(ExplorerCommand::Forward { remote }),
             !go.can_go_forward,
         )
     })
     .menu_with_icon(
-        "刷新",
+        t!("explorer.command.refresh"),
         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::RefreshCw),
         state.action(ExplorerCommand::Refresh { remote }),
     )
@@ -212,7 +214,7 @@ fn refresh_items(
 
 fn add_bookmark_item(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
     menu.menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-        "添加路径到书签",
+        t!("explorer.command.add_bookmark"),
         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Bookmark),
         state.action(ExplorerCommand::AddBookmark {
             remote: state.remote,
@@ -225,22 +227,23 @@ fn add_bookmark_item(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
 /// The 大小 column title's menu: WinSCP's 文件大小显示为, with the format in
 /// use checked. The choice holds for every SFTP tab and is saved.
 pub(super) fn size_format_menu(menu: PopupMenu, current: FileSizeFormat) -> PopupMenu {
-    FileSizeFormat::ALL
-        .into_iter()
-        .fold(menu.label("文件大小显示为"), |menu, format| {
+    FileSizeFormat::ALL.into_iter().fold(
+        menu.label(t!("explorer.command.size_format")),
+        |menu, format| {
             menu.menu_with_check(
                 format.label(),
                 format == current,
                 Box::new(SetFileSizeFormat(format)),
             )
-        })
+        },
+    )
 }
 
 /// The toolbar's 新建 menu, also the context menu's 新建 submenu.
 pub(super) fn new_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
     let remote = state.remote;
     menu.menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-        "文件夹…",
+        t!("explorer.command.new_folder"),
         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FolderPlus),
         state.action(ExplorerCommand::New {
             remote,
@@ -249,7 +252,7 @@ pub(super) fn new_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
         !state.can_modify,
     )
     .menu_with_icon_and_disabled(
-        "文件…",
+        t!("explorer.command.new_file"),
         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::FilePlus),
         state.action(ExplorerCommand::New {
             remote,
@@ -264,7 +267,7 @@ pub(super) fn new_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
 pub(super) fn bookmark_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu {
     let remote = state.remote;
     let menu = if state.bookmarks.is_empty() {
-        menu.label("暂无书签")
+        menu.label(t!("explorer.bookmarks.none"))
     } else {
         state.bookmarks.iter().fold(menu, |menu, path| {
             menu.menu_with_check(
@@ -280,7 +283,7 @@ pub(super) fn bookmark_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu
     let menu = menu.separator();
     if state.bookmarks.contains(&state.path) {
         menu.menu(
-            "从书签中移除路径",
+            t!("explorer.command.remove_bookmark"),
             state.action(ExplorerCommand::RemoveBookmark {
                 remote,
                 path: state.path.clone(),
@@ -288,7 +291,7 @@ pub(super) fn bookmark_menu(menu: PopupMenu, state: &PaneMenuState) -> PopupMenu
         )
     } else {
         menu.menu_with_disabled(
-            "添加路径到书签",
+            t!("explorer.command.add_bookmark"),
             state.action(ExplorerCommand::AddBookmark { remote, path: None }),
             state.path.is_empty(),
         )
diff --git a/src/explorer/pane_operations.rs b/src/explorer/pane_operations.rs
index e664b6e..31a2ff6 100644
--- a/src/explorer/pane_operations.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/pane_operations.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use super::{ExplorerPanel, NewEntryKind};
 use crate::app::{ExplorerAction, ExplorerCommand, ExplorerDispatch as _};
 use crate::host::ConnectionState;
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use crate::sftp::{
     LocalDirectoryProvider, PermissionEdit, RemoteOperation, RemotePath, SftpCommand,
 };
@@ -37,19 +38,20 @@ pub enum PaneOperation {
 /// What to do when an operation answers.
 pub(super) struct PendingOperation {
     remote: bool,
-    failure: &'static str,
+    /// The title of the notification that says it failed.
+    failure: fn() -> SharedString,
     select: Option<String>,
     /// A new file, to open in the editor once it exists (WinSCP does).
     edit: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl PaneOperation {
-    fn failure_title(&self) -> &'static str {
+    fn failure_title(&self) -> fn() -> SharedString {
         match self {
-            PaneOperation::Delete(_) => "删除失败",
-            PaneOperation::Rename { .. } => "重命名失败",
-            PaneOperation::Create { .. } => "新建失败",
-            PaneOperation::Permissions { .. } => "修改权限失败",
+            PaneOperation::Delete(_) => || t!("explorer.operation.delete_failed"),
+            PaneOperation::Rename { .. } => || t!("explorer.operation.rename_failed"),
+            PaneOperation::Create { .. } => || t!("explorer.operation.create_failed"),
+            PaneOperation::Permissions { .. } => || t!("explorer.operation.permissions_failed"),
         }
     }
 
@@ -212,9 +214,8 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
             }
         });
         match result {
-            Err(message) => {
-                window.push_notification(Notification::error(message).title(pending.failure), cx)
-            }
+            Err(message) => window
+                .push_notification(Notification::error(message).title((pending.failure)()), cx),
             Ok(()) => {
                 if let Some(path) = pending.edit {
                     self.dispatch.dispatch_explorer_action(
diff --git a/src/explorer/path_label.rs b/src/explorer/path_label.rs
index 50f4d55..eb084d0 100644
--- a/src/explorer/path_label.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/path_label.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl FilePane {
         let bar = h_flex()
             .id(self.side.path_id())
             .test_support()
-            .aria_label(format!("{}路径", self.side.label()))
+            .aria_label(self.side.path_label_name())
             // WinSCP's current pane, which takes focus back when the tab
             // is shown again; nothing marks it on screen.
             .aria_selected(self.current)
diff --git a/src/explorer/preview.rs b/src/explorer/preview.rs
index 2fe06c2..3fa679d 100644
--- a/src/explorer/preview.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/preview.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use gpui_kit::*;
 use super::format_size;
 use super::image_preview::ImagePreview;
 use crate::app::{ExplorerAction, ExplorerDispatch as _};
+use crate::i18n::t;
 
 /// The largest image a preview reads.
 pub const IMAGE_LIMIT: u64 = 20 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ pub(super) fn open_preview_dialog(preview: Preview, window: &mut Window, cx: &mu
         };
         // A command at the foot closes the preview first: what it opens
         // (the download question, the editor) goes in front.
-        let command = |id: &'static str, label: &'static str, action: ExplorerAction| {
+        let command = |id: &'static str, label: SharedString, action: ExplorerAction| {
             let dispatch = dispatch.clone();
             Button::new(id).label(label).on_click(move |_, window, cx| {
                 window.close_dialog(cx);
@@ -148,14 +149,18 @@ pub(super) fn open_preview_dialog(preview: Preview, window: &mut Window, cx: &mu
             .footer(
                 DialogFooter::new()
                     .when_some(download.clone(), |footer, action| {
-                        footer.child(command("preview-download", "下载…", action))
+                        footer.child(command(
+                            "preview-download",
+                            t!("explorer.file.download"),
+                            action,
+                        ))
                     })
                     .when_some(edit.clone(), |footer, action| {
-                        footer.child(command("preview-edit", "编辑", action))
+                        footer.child(command("preview-edit", t!("explorer.command.edit"), action))
                     })
                     .child(
                         Button::new("preview-close")
-                            .label("关闭")
+                            .label(t!("common.close"))
                             .on_click(|_, window, cx| window.close_dialog(cx)),
                     ),
             )
diff --git a/src/explorer/properties_dialog.rs b/src/explorer/properties_dialog.rs
index cee9a9b..0fb97e9 100644
--- a/src/explorer/properties_dialog.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/properties_dialog.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use super::{ExplorerPanel, FileEntry, PaneOperation, format_changed, format_size};
 use crate::app::ExplorerCommand;
+use crate::i18n::{t, tn};
 use crate::sftp::PermissionEdit;
 use crate::shared::commit_footer;
 use gpui_kit::component::{
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ impl PropertiesForm {
         }
     }
 
-    fn row(label: &'static str, value: String, cx: &App) -> impl IntoElement {
+    fn row(label: SharedString, value: String, cx: &App) -> impl IntoElement {
         h_flex()
             .gap_3()
             .text_sm()
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ impl PropertiesForm {
             Some(first) if values.iter().all(|value| value == first) => {
                 first.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| "—".into())
             }
-            Some(_) => "（不一致）".into(),
+            Some(_) => t!("explorer.properties.mixed").into(),
             None => "—".into(),
         }
     }
@@ -185,22 +186,30 @@ impl Render for PropertiesForm {
             "—".to_string()
         } else {
             let bytes: u64 = self.items.iter().map(|item| item.size).sum();
-            format!("{}（{bytes} 字节）", format_size(bytes))
+            tn!("explorer.properties.size", bytes, size = format_size(bytes)).into()
         };
-        let classes = ["所有者", "组", "其他"];
-        let verbs = ["读", "写", "执行"];
+        let classes = [
+            t!("explorer.properties.class_owner"),
+            t!("explorer.properties.class_group"),
+            t!("explorer.properties.class_others"),
+        ];
+        let verbs = [
+            t!("explorer.properties.read"),
+            t!("explorer.properties.write"),
+            t!("explorer.properties.execute"),
+        ];
         let grid = v_flex()
             .gap_1()
             .children(classes.iter().enumerate().map(|(row, class)| {
                 h_flex()
                     .gap_3()
                     .text_sm()
-                    .child(div().w_16().flex_shrink_0().child(*class))
+                    .child(div().w_16().flex_shrink_0().child(class.clone()))
                     .children(verbs.iter().enumerate().map(|(column, verb)| {
                         let index = row * 3 + column;
                         let bit = BITS[index];
                         Checkbox::new(("perm", index))
-                            .label(*verb)
+                            .label(verb.clone())
                             .small()
                             .checked(self.draft.is_checked(bit))
                             .disabled(!self.editable)
@@ -215,11 +224,15 @@ impl Render for PropertiesForm {
             }));
         v_flex()
             .gap_3()
-            .child(Self::row("位置", self.location.clone(), cx))
-            .child(Self::row("大小", size, cx))
+            .child(Self::row(
+                t!("explorer.properties.location"),
+                self.location.clone(),
+                cx,
+            ))
+            .child(Self::row(t!("explorer.column.size"), size, cx))
             .when(self.items.len() == 1, |this| {
                 this.child(Self::row(
-                    "修改时间",
+                    t!("explorer.column.modified"),
                     self.items[0]
                         .modified
                         .map(format_changed)
@@ -229,7 +242,7 @@ impl Render for PropertiesForm {
             })
             .when(self.remote, |this| {
                 this.child(Self::row(
-                    "所有者",
+                    t!("explorer.column.owner"),
                     Self::shared(
                         self.items
                             .iter()
@@ -238,7 +251,7 @@ impl Render for PropertiesForm {
                     cx,
                 ))
                 .child(Self::row(
-                    "组",
+                    t!("explorer.properties.group"),
                     Self::shared(
                         self.items
                             .iter()
@@ -253,7 +266,12 @@ impl Render for PropertiesForm {
                 h_flex()
                     .gap_3()
                     .text_sm()
-                    .child(div().w_16().flex_shrink_0().child("八进制"))
+                    .child(
+                        div()
+                            .w_16()
+                            .flex_shrink_0()
+                            .child(t!("explorer.properties.octal")),
+                    )
                     .child(
                         div().w_20().child(
                             Input::new(&self.octal)
@@ -268,7 +286,7 @@ impl Render for PropertiesForm {
                     div()
                         .text_xs()
                         .text_color(cx.theme().muted_foreground)
-                        .child("部分项目权限不同，未改动的位保持原样。"),
+                        .child(t!("explorer.properties.mixed_note")),
                 )
             })
             .when(!self.editable, |this| {
@@ -277,9 +295,9 @@ impl Render for PropertiesForm {
                         .text_xs()
                         .text_color(cx.theme().muted_foreground)
                         .child(if self.items.iter().all(FileEntry::is_link) {
-                            "符号链接没有独立的权限。"
+                            t!("explorer.properties.links")
                         } else {
-                            "此系统不支持修改权限。"
+                            t!("explorer.properties.unsupported")
                         }),
                 )
             })
@@ -289,7 +307,7 @@ impl Render for PropertiesForm {
                         .gap_1()
                         .child(
                             Checkbox::new("perm-recursive")
-                                .label("同时应用到其中的文件和子目录")
+                                .label(t!("explorer.properties.recursive"))
                                 .small()
                                 .checked(self.recursive)
                                 .on_change(cx.listener(|this, checked: &bool, _, cx| {
@@ -299,7 +317,7 @@ impl Render for PropertiesForm {
                         )
                         .child(
                             Checkbox::new("perm-dir-x")
-                                .label("为目录添加执行权限（X）")
+                                .label(t!("explorer.properties.dir_x"))
                                 .small()
                                 .checked(self.add_x_to_dirs)
                                 .disabled(!self.recursive)
@@ -327,9 +345,9 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
             return;
         }
         let title = if let [item] = items.as_slice() {
-            format!("「{}」的属性", item.name)
+            t!("explorer.properties.title_one", name = item.name)
         } else {
-            format!("{} 个项目的属性", items.len())
+            tn!("explorer.properties.title_several", items.len())
         };
         let names: Vec<String> = items
             .iter()
@@ -345,7 +363,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                 // Closed by its buttons or Escape, not by a click beside it.
                 .overlay_closable(false)
                 .child(form.clone())
-                .footer(commit_footer("commit", "应用"))
+                .footer(commit_footer("commit", t!("explorer.properties.apply")))
                 .on_ok({
                     let (form, sender, names) = (form.clone(), sender.clone(), names.clone());
                     move |_, window, cx| {
diff --git a/src/explorer/queue_panel.rs b/src/explorer/queue_panel.rs
index 5455974..507c0c7 100644
--- a/src/explorer/queue_panel.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/queue_panel.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use super::{ExplorerPanel, FileSizeFormat, QueueEntry, QueueState, format_size, percent};
 use crate::app::{CatalogIcon, ExplorerAction, ExplorerCommand, ExplorerDispatch as _};
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use crate::sftp::{TransferDirection, TransferOutcome, TransferPhase};
 
 // Column widths, which the layout takes in pixels.
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
         let stopped = head == Some(QueueState::Stopped) && !self.engine_busy;
         let tool = |id: &'static str,
                     icon: Icon,
-                    tip: &'static str,
+                    tip: SharedString,
                     enabled: bool,
                     command: ExplorerCommand| {
             Button::new(id)
@@ -74,43 +75,43 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                     .py_1()
                     .gap_1()
                     .child(div().text_sm().child(if unfinished > 0 {
-                        format!("传输队列 ({unfinished})")
+                        t!("explorer.queue.title_count", unfinished = unfinished)
                     } else {
-                        "传输队列".into()
+                        t!("explorer.queue.title")
                     }))
                     .child(div().flex_1())
                     .child(tool(
                         "resume-transfer",
                         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Play),
-                        "继续",
+                        t!("explorer.queue.resume"),
                         stopped,
                         ExplorerCommand::ResumeTransfer,
                     ))
                     .child(tool(
                         "cancel-transfer",
                         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Square),
-                        "停止",
+                        t!("explorer.queue.stop"),
                         head == Some(QueueState::Active),
                         ExplorerCommand::CancelTransfer,
                     ))
                     .child(tool(
                         "remove-transfer",
                         Icon::new(IconName::Close),
-                        "移出队列",
+                        t!("explorer.queue.remove"),
                         queue.removable().is_some(),
                         ExplorerCommand::RemoveQueueEntry,
                     ))
                     .child(tool(
                         "discard-transfer",
                         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Trash),
-                        "丢弃续传进度",
+                        t!("explorer.queue.discard"),
                         stopped,
                         ExplorerCommand::DiscardTransfer,
                     ))
                     .child(tool(
                         "clear-finished-transfers",
                         Icon::new(CatalogIcon::Eraser),
-                        "清除已完成",
+                        t!("explorer.queue.clear_finished"),
                         queue.has_finished(),
                         ExplorerCommand::ClearFinishedTransfers,
                     )),
@@ -122,13 +123,29 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                     .text_xs()
                     .text_color(theme.muted_foreground)
                     .bg(theme.muted)
-                    .child(fixed(OPERATION).child("操作"))
-                    .child(flexible().child("来源"))
-                    .child(flexible().child("目标"))
-                    .child(fixed(TRANSFERRED).justify_end().child("已传输"))
-                    .child(fixed(TIME).justify_end().child("时间"))
-                    .child(fixed(SPEED).justify_end().child("速度"))
-                    .child(fixed(PROGRESS).pl_3().child("进度")),
+                    .child(fixed(OPERATION).child(t!("explorer.queue.column.operation")))
+                    .child(flexible().child(t!("explorer.queue.column.source")))
+                    .child(flexible().child(t!("explorer.queue.column.target")))
+                    .child(
+                        fixed(TRANSFERRED)
+                            .justify_end()
+                            .child(t!("explorer.queue.column.transferred")),
+                    )
+                    .child(
+                        fixed(TIME)
+                            .justify_end()
+                            .child(t!("explorer.queue.column.time")),
+                    )
+                    .child(
+                        fixed(SPEED)
+                            .justify_end()
+                            .child(t!("explorer.queue.column.speed")),
+                    )
+                    .child(
+                        fixed(PROGRESS)
+                            .pl_3()
+                            .child(t!("explorer.queue.column.progress")),
+                    ),
             )
             .child(
                 v_flex()
@@ -228,9 +245,9 @@ fn batch_row(
                             IconName::ChevronRight
                         }))
                         .tooltip(if row.expanded {
-                            "收起逐项结果"
+                            t!("explorer.queue.hide_results")
                         } else {
-                            "展开逐项结果"
+                            t!("explorer.queue.show_results")
                         })
                         .on_click(toggle),
                 )
@@ -319,7 +336,7 @@ fn item_results(entry: &QueueEntry, cx: &Context<ExplorerPanel>) -> impl IntoEle
         .progress()
         .map(|progress| progress.details())
         .unwrap_or_default();
-    let verb = entry.job().direction().verb();
+    let upload = entry.job().direction() == TransferDirection::Upload;
     v_flex()
         .id(("transfer-detail-list", entry.id().0))
         .test_support()
@@ -335,17 +352,31 @@ fn item_results(entry: &QueueEntry, cx: &Context<ExplorerPanel>) -> impl IntoEle
                     .py_0p5()
                     .text_color(muted)
                     .child(if entry.state() == QueueState::Pending {
-                        "还没有开始".to_string()
+                        t!("explorer.queue.not_started")
+                    } else if upload {
+                        t!("explorer.queue.nothing_uploaded")
                     } else {
-                        format!("还没有{verb}完的项目，每完成一项会列在这里")
+                        t!("explorer.queue.nothing_downloaded")
                     }),
             )
         })
         .children(details.iter().rev().map(|detail| {
             let (icon, color, outcome) = match detail.outcome() {
-                TransferOutcome::Done => (Icon::new(IconName::CircleCheck), success, "完成"),
-                TransferOutcome::Skipped => (Icon::new(CatalogIcon::CircleMinus), muted, "已跳过"),
-                TransferOutcome::Failed => (Icon::new(IconName::CircleX), danger, "失败"),
+                TransferOutcome::Done => (
+                    Icon::new(IconName::CircleCheck),
+                    success,
+                    t!("explorer.queue.outcome.done"),
+                ),
+                TransferOutcome::Skipped => (
+                    Icon::new(CatalogIcon::CircleMinus),
+                    muted,
+                    t!("explorer.queue.outcome.skipped"),
+                ),
+                TransferOutcome::Failed => (
+                    Icon::new(IconName::CircleX),
+                    danger,
+                    t!("explorer.queue.outcome.failed"),
+                ),
             };
             h_flex()
                 .id(ElementId::Name(
diff --git a/src/explorer/transfer_dialog.rs b/src/explorer/transfer_dialog.rs
index ea81116..f8ea604 100644
--- a/src/explorer/transfer_dialog.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/transfer_dialog.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use crate::app::ExplorerDispatch as _;
 use crate::{
     app::{ExplorerAction, ExplorerCommand},
     host::ConnectionState,
+    i18n::{t, tn},
     sftp::{TransferAnswer, TransferChoice, TransferDirection, TransferQuestionKind},
     shared::commit_footer,
 };
@@ -99,8 +100,16 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
             error: None,
         });
         let (title, confirm_id, confirm_label) = match direction {
-            TransferDirection::Upload => ("上传文件", "upload-confirm", "上传"),
-            TransferDirection::Download => ("下载", "download-confirm", "下载"),
+            TransferDirection::Upload => (
+                t!("explorer.transfer.upload_title"),
+                "upload-confirm",
+                t!("explorer.transfer.upload"),
+            ),
+            TransferDirection::Download => (
+                t!("explorer.transfer.download_title"),
+                "download-confirm",
+                t!("explorer.transfer.download"),
+            ),
         };
         let sender = self.sender();
         let job = Rc::new(job);
@@ -109,26 +118,26 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
         self.dialog_open = true;
         window.open_dialog(cx, move |dialog, _, _| {
             dialog
-                .title(title)
+                .title(title.clone())
                 .child(form.clone())
                 .overlay_closable(false)
-                .footer(commit_footer(confirm_id, confirm_label))
+                .footer(commit_footer(confirm_id, confirm_label.clone()))
                 .on_ok({
                     let (form, sender, job) = (form.clone(), sender.clone(), job.clone());
                     move |_, window, cx| {
                         let target = form.read(cx).target.read(cx).value().to_string();
                         let problem = match direction {
                             TransferDirection::Upload if target.is_empty() => {
-                                Some("请输入目标目录")
+                                Some(t!("explorer.transfer.target_missing"))
                             }
                             TransferDirection::Download if !Path::new(&target).is_absolute() => {
-                                Some("请输入本机目录的完整路径")
+                                Some(t!("explorer.transfer.local_target_relative"))
                             }
                             _ => None,
                         };
                         if let Some(problem) = problem {
                             form.update(cx, |form, cx| {
-                                form.error = Some(problem.into());
+                                form.error = Some(problem.to_string());
                                 cx.notify();
                             });
                             return false;
@@ -197,32 +206,52 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
         let focus = window.focused(cx).unwrap_or_else(|| self.focus_handle(cx));
         self.dialog_open = true;
         self.question_shown = true;
-        let verb = self.transfer_direction().verb();
+        let upload = self.transfer_direction() == TransferDirection::Upload;
+        // Each direction says its own words: English puts them in another
+        // order than Chinese.
+        let either = |upload_text: SharedString, download_text: SharedString| {
+            if upload { upload_text } else { download_text }
+        };
+        let restart_label = either(
+            t!("explorer.question.restart_upload"),
+            t!("explorer.question.restart_download"),
+        );
         let (title, primary_label, primary_choice): (SharedString, SharedString, _) =
             match question.kind() {
                 TransferQuestionKind::Conflict => (
-                    "同名文件已存在".into(),
-                    "覆盖".into(),
+                    t!("explorer.question.conflict_title"),
+                    t!("explorer.question.overwrite"),
                     TransferChoice::Overwrite,
                 ),
                 TransferQuestionKind::Resume => (
-                    format!("发现未完成的{verb}").into(),
-                    format!("继续{verb}").into(),
+                    either(
+                        t!("explorer.question.resume_upload_title"),
+                        t!("explorer.question.resume_download_title"),
+                    ),
+                    either(
+                        t!("explorer.question.resume_upload"),
+                        t!("explorer.question.resume_download"),
+                    ),
                     TransferChoice::Resume,
                 ),
                 TransferQuestionKind::InvalidResume => (
-                    "无法继续此文件".into(),
-                    format!("重新{verb}").into(),
+                    t!("explorer.question.invalid_resume_title"),
+                    restart_label.clone(),
                     TransferChoice::Restart,
                 ),
                 TransferQuestionKind::Error => (
-                    format!("无法{verb}此项目").into(),
-                    "重试".into(),
+                    either(
+                        t!("explorer.question.upload_failed_title"),
+                        t!("explorer.question.download_failed_title"),
+                    ),
+                    t!("explorer.question.retry"),
                     TransferChoice::Retry,
                 ),
             };
-        let cancel_label: SharedString = format!("取消{verb}").into();
-        let restart_label: SharedString = format!("重新{verb}").into();
+        let cancel_label = either(
+            t!("explorer.question.cancel_upload"),
+            t!("explorer.question.cancel_download"),
+        );
         window.open_dialog(cx, move |dialog, _, _| {
             let answer_button = |id: &'static str, label: SharedString, choice: TransferChoice| {
                 let (answered, answer, form) = (answered.clone(), answer.clone(), form.clone());
@@ -251,7 +280,7 @@ impl ExplorerPanel {
                         ))
                         .child(answer_button(
                             "transfer-question-skip",
-                            "跳过".into(),
+                            t!("explorer.question.skip"),
                             TransferChoice::Skip,
                         ))
                         .when(question.kind() == TransferQuestionKind::Resume, |footer| {
@@ -346,17 +375,17 @@ impl TransferSources {
     }
 
     /// `2 个文件`, `1 个文件夹`, or `3 个项目（1 个文件夹、2 个文件）`.
-    fn count(&self) -> String {
+    fn count(&self) -> SharedString {
         let folders = self.items.iter().filter(|item| item.is_dir).count();
         match (folders, self.items.len() - folders) {
-            (0, files) => format!("{files} 个文件"),
-            (folders, 0) => format!("{folders} 个文件夹"),
-            (folders, files) => {
-                format!(
-                    "{} 个项目（{folders} 个文件夹、{files} 个文件）",
-                    folders + files
-                )
-            }
+            (0, files) => tn!("explorer.transfer.files", files),
+            (folders, 0) => tn!("explorer.transfer.folders", folders),
+            (folders, files) => tn!(
+                "explorer.transfer.items",
+                folders + files,
+                folders = tn!("explorer.transfer.folders", folders),
+                files = tn!("explorer.transfer.files", files)
+            ),
         }
     }
 
@@ -370,7 +399,7 @@ impl TransferSources {
                     div()
                         .text_xs()
                         .text_color(muted)
-                        .child(format!("位于 {folder}")),
+                        .child(t!("explorer.transfer.in_folder", folder = folder)),
                 )
             })
             .child(
@@ -427,11 +456,11 @@ fn queued_note(cx: &App) -> impl IntoElement {
         .test_support()
         .text_xs()
         .text_color(cx.theme().muted_foreground)
-        .child("当前有传输在进行，这一批会排在传输队列里，轮到时自动开始。")
+        .child(t!("explorer.transfer.queued_note"))
 }
 
 /// The dialog's first line: what goes where.
-fn summary(text: String) -> impl IntoElement {
+fn summary(text: SharedString) -> impl IntoElement {
     div()
         .id("transfer-summary")
         .test_support()
@@ -457,7 +486,7 @@ impl TransferForm {
             files: false,
             directories: true,
             multiple: false,
-            prompt: Some("选择下载到的目录".into()),
+            prompt: Some(t!("explorer.transfer.choose_download_folder")),
         });
         cx.spawn_in(window, async move |this, cx| {
             if let Ok(Ok(Some(paths))) = choice.await
@@ -480,9 +509,13 @@ impl Render for TransferForm {
         let count = self.sources.count();
         let (text, list_id, label, error_id, target) = match self.direction {
             TransferDirection::Upload => (
-                format!("上传 {count}到 {}", self.endpoint),
+                t!(
+                    "explorer.transfer.upload_summary",
+                    items = count,
+                    endpoint = self.endpoint
+                ),
                 "upload-source-list",
-                "目标目录",
+                t!("explorer.transfer.target"),
                 "upload-form-error",
                 Input::new(&self.target)
                     .id("upload-target")
@@ -490,9 +523,13 @@ impl Render for TransferForm {
                     .into_any_element(),
             ),
             TransferDirection::Download => (
-                format!("从 {} 下载 {count}", self.endpoint),
+                t!(
+                    "explorer.transfer.download_summary",
+                    items = count,
+                    endpoint = self.endpoint
+                ),
                 "download-source-list",
-                "下载到",
+                t!("explorer.transfer.download_to"),
                 "download-form-error",
                 h_flex()
                     .gap_2()
@@ -505,7 +542,7 @@ impl Render for TransferForm {
                     .child(
                         Button::new("download-browse")
                             .small()
-                            .label("浏览…")
+                            .label(t!("explorer.browse"))
                             .on_click(cx.listener(|this, _, window, cx| this.browse(window, cx))),
                     )
                     .into_any_element(),
@@ -537,7 +574,7 @@ impl Render for ConflictForm {
         div().when(self.kind == TransferQuestionKind::Conflict, |this| {
             this.child(
                 Checkbox::new("transfer-apply-all")
-                    .label("应用于本批剩余冲突")
+                    .label(t!("explorer.question.apply_to_all"))
                     .checked(self.apply_all)
                     .on_change(cx.listener(|this, value, _, cx| {
                         this.apply_all = *value;
@@ -561,19 +598,42 @@ pub fn confirm_close_transfer(
     cx: &mut App,
 ) {
     let focus = window.focused(cx);
-    let verb = direction.verb();
-    let description = format!(
-        "{verb}进度会保留，下次选择相同来源和目标目录时可以继续{verb}。{}",
-        unsaved.unwrap_or_default()
+    let upload = direction == TransferDirection::Upload;
+    let either = |upload_text: SharedString, download_text: SharedString| {
+        if upload { upload_text } else { download_text }
+    };
+    let kept = either(
+        t!("explorer.close_transfer.upload_kept"),
+        t!("explorer.close_transfer.download_kept"),
+    );
+    let description = match unsaved {
+        Some(unsaved) => t!(
+            "explorer.close_transfer.two_sentences",
+            first = kept,
+            second = unsaved
+        ),
+        None => kept,
+    };
+    let title = either(
+        t!("explorer.close_transfer.upload_title"),
+        t!("explorer.close_transfer.download_title"),
+    );
+    let ok = either(
+        t!("explorer.close_transfer.stop_upload"),
+        t!("explorer.close_transfer.stop_download"),
+    );
+    let cancel = either(
+        t!("explorer.close_transfer.keep_uploading"),
+        t!("explorer.close_transfer.keep_downloading"),
     );
     window.open_alert_dialog(cx, move |dialog, _, _| {
         dialog
-            .title(format!("停止{verb}并关闭？"))
+            .title(title.clone())
             .description(description.clone())
             .button_props(
                 gpui_kit::component::dialog::DialogButtonProps::default()
-                    .ok_text(format!("停止{verb}并关闭"))
-                    .cancel_text(format!("继续{verb}")),
+                    .ok_text(ok.clone())
+                    .cancel_text(cancel.clone()),
             )
             .show_cancel(true)
             .on_cancel({
@@ -641,4 +701,20 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(root.items[0].name, "boot");
         assert_eq!(root.count(), "1 个文件夹");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn english_counts_each_kind_in_its_own_number() {
+        crate::i18n::isolate_thread();
+        crate::i18n::set_locale("en");
+        let count = |items: &[(&str, bool, bool)]| sources(items).count();
+        assert_eq!(count(&[("/a", true, false)]), "1 file");
+        assert_eq!(
+            count(&[("/a", true, true), ("/b", true, true)]),
+            "2 folders"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            count(&[("/a", true, true), ("/b", true, false)]),
+            "2 items (1 folder, 1 file)"
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/explorer/transfer_queue.rs b/src/explorer/transfer_queue.rs
index 786312e..9e2ea0f 100644
--- a/src/explorer/transfer_queue.rs
+++ b/src/explorer/transfer_queue.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 use std::{collections::HashSet, path::PathBuf};
 
+use crate::i18n::{t, tn};
 use crate::sftp::{TransferDirection, TransferPhase, TransferProgress};
 
 /// Why a batch left the queue before it was done.
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ impl TransferJob {
         match (paths.as_slice(), folders.first()) {
             ([one], _) => one.clone(),
             (_, Some(first)) if folders.iter().all(|folder| folder == first) => first.clone(),
-            _ => "多个位置".to_string(),
+            _ => t!("explorer.queue.several_places").to_string(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -141,25 +142,29 @@ impl QueueEntry {
     pub fn status(&self) -> String {
         let progress = self.progress.as_ref();
         match self.state() {
-            QueueState::Pending => "等待中".into(),
+            QueueState::Pending => t!("explorer.queue.status.pending").into(),
             QueueState::Active => match progress.map(TransferProgress::phase) {
-                None | Some(TransferPhase::Scanning) => "正在扫描".into(),
-                Some(TransferPhase::Waiting) => "等待回答".into(),
-                Some(TransferPhase::Reconnecting) => progress
-                    .and_then(TransferProgress::note)
-                    .unwrap_or("正在重连")
-                    .into(),
+                None | Some(TransferPhase::Scanning) => t!("explorer.queue.status.scanning").into(),
+                Some(TransferPhase::Waiting) => t!("explorer.queue.status.waiting").into(),
+                Some(TransferPhase::Reconnecting) => {
+                    match progress.and_then(TransferProgress::note) {
+                        Some(note) => note.into(),
+                        None => t!("explorer.queue.status.reconnecting").into(),
+                    }
+                }
                 Some(_) => percent(progress.map_or(0.0, TransferProgress::fraction)),
             },
-            QueueState::Stopped => "已停止".into(),
+            QueueState::Stopped => t!("explorer.queue.status.stopped").into(),
             QueueState::Done => match progress.map_or(0, TransferProgress::failed) {
-                0 => "已完成".into(),
-                failed => format!("部分失败（{failed} 项）"),
+                0 => t!("explorer.queue.status.done").into(),
+                failed => tn!("explorer.queue.status.partly_failed", failed).into(),
             },
             QueueState::Removed => match &self.removed {
-                Some(Removal::Discarded) => "已丢弃续传进度".into(),
-                Some(Removal::NotStarted(reason)) => format!("无法开始：{reason}"),
-                _ => "已移出".into(),
+                Some(Removal::Discarded) => t!("explorer.queue.status.discarded").into(),
+                Some(Removal::NotStarted(reason)) => {
+                    t!("explorer.queue.status.not_started", reason = reason).into()
+                }
+                _ => t!("explorer.queue.status.removed").into(),
             },
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/sftp/client.rs b/src/sftp/client.rs
index 6d66f32..79dbb64 100644
--- a/src/sftp/client.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/client.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use super::{DirectoryEntry, DirectoryListing, EntryKind, FileMetadata, RemotePath};
 use crate::connection::Latency;
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use crate::ssh::{SshConnectionConfig, SshConnector, SshHandle, SshPrompts};
 use anyhow::{Result, anyhow, bail};
 use futures::StreamExt as _;
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ impl SftpClient {
             Self::initialize(channel.into_stream(), Some(ssh), fingerprint).await
         })
         .await
-        .map_err(|_| anyhow!("启动 SFTP 超时"))?
+        .map_err(|_| anyhow!(t!("sftp.client.start_timeout")))?
     }
     async fn initialize<S>(stream: S, ssh: Option<SshHandle>, fingerprint: String) -> Result<Self>
     where
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ impl SftpClient {
         });
         let version = raw.init().await?;
         if version.version != 3 {
-            bail!("服务器未提供 SFTP v3");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.client.no_v3"));
         }
         let atomic_replace = version
             .extensions
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ impl SftpClient {
         let executable = ["/usr/libexec/sftp-server", "/usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server"]
             .into_iter()
             .find(|p| std::path::Path::new(p).exists())
-            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("本机没有 OpenSSH sftp-server"))?;
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no OpenSSH sftp-server on this machine"))?;
         let mut child = tokio::process::Command::new(executable)
             .current_dir(directory)
             .stdin(std::process::Stdio::piped())
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ impl SftpClient {
             &response
                 .files
                 .first()
-                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("服务器未返回目录路径"))?
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(t!("sftp.client.no_path")))?
                 .filename,
         )?)
     }
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ impl RemoteFs for SftpClient {
                 .await?
                 .files
                 .first()
-                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("无法读取链接目标"))?
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(t!("sftp.client.no_link_target")))?
                 .filename,
         )
     }
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ impl RemoteFs for SftpClient {
             {
                 Packet::Status(status) if status.status_code == StatusCode::Ok => {}
                 Packet::Status(status) => return Err(Error::Status(status).into()),
-                _ => bail!("服务器返回了无效的重命名响应"),
+                _ => bail!(t!("sftp.client.bad_rename_reply")),
             }
         } else {
             self.raw.rename(from.as_str(), to.as_str()).await?;
@@ -521,7 +522,7 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_longname(line: &str) -> Option<(String, String)> {
 // they can become a path for navigation or mutation.
 fn checked_text(value: &str) -> Result<String> {
     if value.contains('\u{fffd}') {
-        bail!("远端名称包含无法可靠表示的字符，已停止操作");
+        bail!(t!("sftp.client.ambiguous_name"));
     }
     Ok(value.to_string())
 }
diff --git a/src/sftp/control.rs b/src/sftp/control.rs
index ee051a7..a62a579 100644
--- a/src/sftp/control.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/control.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use super::{SftpEvent, TransferAnswer, TransferChoice, TransferQuestion, TransferQuestionKind};
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use async_channel::{Receiver, Sender};
 use std::{
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ static NEXT_QUESTION: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(1);
 pub(crate) struct Cancelled;
 impl std::fmt::Display for Cancelled {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.write_str("传输已停止，进度已保留")
+        f.write_str(&t!("sftp.transfer.cancelled"))
     }
 }
 impl std::error::Error for Cancelled {}
diff --git a/src/sftp/download.rs b/src/sftp/download.rs
index 91e9303..7289f3d 100644
--- a/src/sftp/download.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/download.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use super::{
     journal::{DownloadJournal, DownloadRecord, partial_path, remove_if_present},
     meter::TransferMeter,
 };
+use crate::i18n::{t, tn};
 use anyhow::{Result, anyhow, bail};
 use futures::{StreamExt as _, stream::FuturesUnordered};
 use std::{
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ fn local_name(name: &str) -> Result<&str> {
         name.contains(['/', '\0'])
     };
     if invalid || matches!(name, "" | "." | "..") {
-        bail!("名称「{name}」在本机无效");
+        bail!(t!("sftp.download.name_invalid", name = name));
     }
     Ok(name)
 }
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
                     let found = control.run(fs.metadata(&source)).await;
                     let error = match found {
                         Ok(Some(metadata)) => Ok(metadata),
-                        Ok(None) => Err("远程项目不存在".to_string()),
+                        Ok(None) => Err(t!("sftp.download.source_missing").to_string()),
                         Err(error)
                             if super::client::is_network_error(&error)
                                 || error.is::<Cancelled>() =>
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
 
     pub fn verify_host(&self, fingerprint: &str) -> Result<()> {
         if self.host_key != fingerprint {
-            bail!("服务器主机指纹已改变，已停止续传");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.transfer.host_key_changed"));
         }
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -203,14 +204,14 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
                 .begin(item.source.to_string(), target.clone(), size, control);
             let _target_guard = TargetGuard::acquire(
                 format!("local\0{}", item.target.display()),
-                "另一个传输正在下载到同一位置，请稍后继续下载",
+                &t!("sftp.download.target_busy"),
             )?;
             let result = if self
                 .blocked_directories
                 .iter()
                 .any(|dir| item.target.starts_with(dir) && item.target != *dir)
             {
-                Err(anyhow!("父目录未创建，无法下载"))
+                Err(anyhow!(t!("sftp.download.parent_missing")))
             } else if let Some(error) = &item.error {
                 Err(anyhow!("{error}"))
             } else {
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
                         .ask(
                             TransferQuestionKind::Error,
                             item.source.as_str(),
-                            &format!("无法下载：{error:#}"),
+                            &t!("sftp.download.failed", error = format!("{error:#}")),
                         )
                         .await?;
                     if answer.choice() == TransferChoice::Retry {
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
                                 item.target
                                     .parent()
                                     .map(Path::to_path_buf)
-                                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("无效的下载目标"))?,
+                                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(t!("sftp.download.target_invalid")))?,
                             )?;
                             let scanned = Self::scan(
                                 &request,
@@ -290,7 +291,7 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
         control: &TransferControl,
     ) -> Result<bool> {
         if existing.is_dir() {
-            bail!("本地已有同名目录，不会删除它");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.download.folder_in_the_way"));
         }
         if !changed && let Some(choice) = self.all_conflicts {
             return Ok(choice == TransferChoice::Overwrite);
@@ -301,16 +302,16 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
             .ok()
             .and_then(|time| time.duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH).ok())
             .map(|time| time.as_secs());
-        let message = format!(
-            "{}本地已有同名项目（{} 字节，修改时间 {:?}）。覆盖会替换它。",
-            if changed {
-                "目标在下载期间发生变化。"
-            } else {
-                ""
-            },
-            existing.len(),
-            modified
-        );
+        let modified = format!("{modified:?}");
+        let message = if changed {
+            tn!(
+                "sftp.download.exists_changed",
+                existing.len(),
+                modified = modified
+            )
+        } else {
+            tn!("sftp.download.exists", existing.len(), modified = modified)
+        };
         let answer = control
             .ask(
                 TransferQuestionKind::Conflict,
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
         match item.metadata.kind() {
             EntryKind::Directory => match existing {
                 Some(metadata) if metadata.is_dir() => Ok(true),
-                Some(_) => bail!("本地已有同名文件，不会替换为目录"),
+                Some(_) => bail!(t!("sftp.download.file_in_the_way")),
                 None => {
                     tokio::fs::create_dir(&item.target).await?;
                     Ok(true)
@@ -351,7 +352,7 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
                 create_link(&link, &item.target, existing.is_some()).await?;
                 Ok(true)
             }
-            EntryKind::Other => bail!("不支持下载设备、套接字或其他特殊文件"),
+            EntryKind::Other => bail!(t!("sftp.download.special_file")),
             EntryKind::File => self.download_regular(fs, item, existing, control).await,
         }
     }
@@ -388,20 +389,23 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
         let mut offset = 0;
         if let Some(partial) = &partial {
             if !partial.is_file() {
-                bail!("临时文件 {} 不是普通文件", temporary.display());
+                bail!(t!(
+                    "sftp.download.partial_not_file",
+                    path = temporary.display()
+                ));
             }
             if partial.len() > item.metadata.size() || (record.is_some() && !resumable) {
                 self.meter.phase(TransferPhase::Waiting, control);
                 let reason = if partial.len() > item.metadata.size() {
-                    "本地 .filepart 文件比远程文件大，无法续传。"
+                    t!("sftp.download.partial_too_large")
                 } else {
-                    "远程文件在上次下载后已变化，无法续传。"
+                    t!("sftp.download.source_changed")
                 };
                 let answer = control
                     .ask(
                         TransferQuestionKind::InvalidResume,
                         item.source.as_str(),
-                        reason,
+                        &reason,
                     )
                     .await?;
                 if answer.choice() != TransferChoice::Restart {
@@ -415,7 +419,7 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
                     .ask(
                         TransferQuestionKind::Resume,
                         item.source.as_str(),
-                        "发现未完成的 .filepart 文件。续传会按它的现有大小跳过远程文件前缀，请确认远程文件仍是同一版本。",
+                        &t!("sftp.download.resume_found"),
                     )
                     .await?;
                 match answer.choice() {
@@ -505,10 +509,10 @@ impl DownloadBatch {
                 let (at, len, bytes) = reads
                     .next()
                     .await
-                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("下载读取流水线意外结束"))?;
+                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(t!("sftp.download.pipeline_ended")))?;
                 let bytes = match bytes? {
                     Some(bytes) if !bytes.is_empty() => bytes,
-                    _ => bail!("远程文件在下载期间变短，已停止"),
+                    _ => bail!(t!("sftp.download.source_shrank")),
                 };
                 let got = bytes.len().min(len as usize);
                 if got < len as usize {
@@ -632,5 +636,5 @@ async fn create_link(link: &str, target: &Path, replace: bool) -> Result<()> {
 
 #[cfg(not(unix))]
 async fn create_link(_: &str, _: &Path, _: bool) -> Result<()> {
-    bail!("此系统不支持创建符号链接")
+    bail!(t!("sftp.download.links_unsupported"))
 }
diff --git a/src/sftp/edit.rs b/src/sftp/edit.rs
index c86fdc1..0af9e98 100644
--- a/src/sftp/edit.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/edit.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //! size and modification time the file had when it was read or last saved.
 
 use super::{EntryKind, FileMetadata, LocalDirectoryProvider, RemotePath, client::RemoteFs};
+use crate::i18n::{t, tn};
 use anyhow::{Result, anyhow, bail};
 use futures::{StreamExt as _, stream::FuturesUnordered};
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
@@ -160,9 +161,9 @@ pub enum ReadFailure {
 impl std::fmt::Display for ReadFailure {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match self {
-            ReadFailure::NotFile => f.write_str("不是普通文件"),
-            ReadFailure::TooLarge(size) => write!(f, "文件太大（{size} 字节）"),
-            ReadFailure::NotText => f.write_str("不是 UTF-8 文本文件"),
+            ReadFailure::NotFile => f.write_str(&t!("sftp.edit.not_file")),
+            ReadFailure::TooLarge(size) => f.write_str(&tn!("sftp.edit.too_large", *size)),
+            ReadFailure::NotText => f.write_str(&t!("sftp.edit.not_text")),
             ReadFailure::Failed(message) => f.write_str(message),
         }
     }
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ pub enum SaveFailure {
 impl std::fmt::Display for SaveFailure {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match self {
-            SaveFailure::Changed => f.write_str("文件在打开后已被修改"),
+            SaveFailure::Changed => f.write_str(&t!("sftp.edit.changed")),
             SaveFailure::Interrupted(message) | SaveFailure::Failed(message) => {
                 f.write_str(message)
             }
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ async fn read_bytes<F: RemoteFs>(
     text: bool,
 ) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, FileStamp)> {
     let Some(metadata) = fs.stat(path).await? else {
-        bail!("文件不存在");
+        bail!(t!("sftp.edit.missing"));
     };
     if metadata.kind() != EntryKind::File {
         return Err(ReadFailure::NotFile.into());
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ async fn read_all<F: RemoteFs>(fs: &F, handle: &str, size: u64, text: bool) -> R
         };
         let bytes = match bytes? {
             Some(bytes) if !bytes.is_empty() => bytes,
-            _ => bail!("文件在读取时变短了，请重新打开"),
+            _ => bail!(t!("sftp.edit.shrank")),
         };
         let got = bytes.len().min(len as usize);
         let start = at as usize;
@@ -390,7 +391,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn write_in_place<F: RemoteFs>(
     let metadata = fs
         .stat(path)
         .await?
-        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("保存后找不到文件"))?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(t!("sftp.edit.gone_after_save")))?;
     Ok(FileStamp::of(&metadata))
 }
 
diff --git a/src/sftp/journal.rs b/src/sftp/journal.rs
index deb67f9..1023245 100644
--- a/src/sftp/journal.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/journal.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use super::{EntryKind, FileMetadata, RemotePath};
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use anyhow::{Context as _, Result, bail};
+use gpui_kit::SharedString;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize, de::DeserializeOwned};
 use sha2::{Digest as _, Sha256};
 use std::{
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ impl SourceMetadata {
     pub async fn read(path: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
         let metadata = tokio::fs::symlink_metadata(path).await?;
         if !metadata.is_file() {
-            bail!("本地来源已不再是普通文件");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.journal.source_not_file"));
         }
         Ok(Self {
             size: metadata.len(),
@@ -86,19 +88,19 @@ impl ResumeRecord {
             || self.source != source
             || &self.target != target
         {
-            bail!("续传记录与当前来源或服务器不匹配");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.journal.mismatch"));
         }
         if self.temporary != RemotePath::new(format!("{}.filepart", target.as_str()))?
             || !managed_backup_path(&self.backup, target)
         {
-            bail!("无效的续传临时路径");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.journal.temporary_invalid"));
         }
         if self
             .original
             .as_ref()
             .is_some_and(|m| m.kind() == EntryKind::Directory)
         {
-            bail!("续传记录不能替换目录");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.journal.replaces_folder"));
         }
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ impl Journal {
     ) -> Result<Option<ResumeRecord>> {
         read_record(
             &self.path(endpoint, source, target),
-            "续传记录损坏，原文件和临时文件均已保留",
+            t!("sftp.journal.upload_damaged"),
         )
         .await
     }
@@ -155,11 +157,11 @@ impl Journal {
 
 /// Read a record, if there is one. `damaged` is what to say when the file
 /// is there and cannot be understood.
-async fn read_record<T: DeserializeOwned>(path: &Path, damaged: &'static str) -> Result<Option<T>> {
+async fn read_record<T: DeserializeOwned>(path: &Path, damaged: SharedString) -> Result<Option<T>> {
     match tokio::fs::read(path).await {
         Ok(bytes) => Ok(Some(serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).context(damaged)?)),
         Err(error) if error.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(None),
-        Err(error) => Err(error).context("无法读取续传记录"),
+        Err(error) => Err(error).context(t!("sftp.journal.unreadable")),
     }
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ async fn write_atomic(root: &Path, path: &Path, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
     drop(file);
     tokio::fs::rename(&temp, path)
         .await
-        .context("无法保存续传进度")?;
+        .context(t!("sftp.journal.unsaved"))?;
     #[cfg(unix)]
     {
         tokio::fs::File::open(root).await?.sync_all().await?;
@@ -250,7 +252,7 @@ impl DownloadRecord {
             || self.target != target
             || self.temporary != partial_path(target)
         {
-            bail!("续传记录与当前来源或服务器不匹配");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.journal.mismatch"));
         }
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -290,7 +292,7 @@ impl DownloadJournal {
     ) -> Result<Option<DownloadRecord>> {
         read_record(
             &self.path(endpoint, source, target),
-            "续传记录损坏，临时文件已保留",
+            t!("sftp.journal.download_damaged"),
         )
         .await
     }
diff --git a/src/sftp/model.rs b/src/sftp/model.rs
index f2e3b01..75a69fa 100644
--- a/src/sftp/model.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/model.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use super::{FileStamp, ReadFailure, SaveFailure};
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+use gpui_kit::SharedString;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::{
     path::{Path, PathBuf},
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ impl RemotePath {
     pub fn new(path: impl Into<String>) -> Result<Self> {
         let path = path.into();
         if path.is_empty() || path.contains('\0') {
-            bail!("远程路径不能为空或包含空字符");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.error.remote_path_invalid"));
         }
         Ok(Self(path))
     }
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ impl RemotePath {
     }
     pub fn join(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Self> {
         if name.is_empty() || matches!(name, "." | "..") || name.contains(['/', '\0']) {
-            bail!("无效的文件名：{name}");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.error.file_name_invalid", name = name));
         }
         Self::new(format!("{}/{name}", self.0.trim_end_matches('/')))
     }
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ enum UploadMode {
 impl UploadRequest {
     pub fn new(sources: Vec<PathBuf>, destination: RemotePath) -> Result<Self> {
         if sources.is_empty() {
-            bail!("请选择要上传的文件或目录");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.error.nothing_to_upload"));
         }
         Ok(Self {
             sources,
@@ -281,15 +283,6 @@ pub enum TransferDirection {
     Upload,
     Download,
 }
-impl TransferDirection {
-    /// The verb used in progress and confirmation copy.
-    pub fn verb(self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            Self::Upload => "上传",
-            Self::Download => "下载",
-        }
-    }
-}
 /// Remote files and directories to copy into one local directory.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct DownloadRequest {
@@ -301,10 +294,10 @@ pub struct DownloadRequest {
 impl DownloadRequest {
     pub fn new(sources: Vec<RemotePath>, destination: PathBuf) -> Result<Self> {
         if sources.is_empty() {
-            bail!("请选择要下载的文件或目录");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.error.nothing_to_download"));
         }
         if !destination.is_absolute() {
-            bail!("下载目标必须是绝对路径");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.error.download_target_relative"));
         }
         Ok(Self {
             sources,
@@ -316,7 +309,7 @@ impl DownloadRequest {
     /// One source copied the way scp copies it; see [`UploadRequest::scp`].
     pub fn scp(source: RemotePath, destination: PathBuf) -> Result<Self> {
         if !destination.is_absolute() {
-            bail!("下载目标必须是绝对路径");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.error.download_target_relative"));
         }
         Ok(Self {
             sources: vec![source],
@@ -693,13 +686,33 @@ impl PermissionEdit {
     }
 }
 
+/// A well-known local folder, offered by the 目录列表 select.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Place {
+    Home,
+    Desktop,
+    Documents,
+    Downloads,
+}
+
+impl Place {
+    pub fn title(self) -> SharedString {
+        match self {
+            Self::Home => t!("sftp.place.home"),
+            Self::Desktop => t!("sftp.place.desktop"),
+            Self::Documents => t!("sftp.place.documents"),
+            Self::Downloads => t!("sftp.place.downloads"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Local I/O is blocking and must be called on a background executor.
 pub trait LocalDirectoryProvider: Send + Sync + 'static {
     fn home(&self) -> PathBuf;
     fn list(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<DirectoryListing>;
     /// Well-known folders for the 目录列表 select, home first. Looked up
     /// from the platform, without touching the file system.
-    fn places(&self) -> Vec<(String, PathBuf)> {
+    fn places(&self) -> Vec<(Place, PathBuf)> {
         Vec::new()
     }
     /// Move items to the system trash. Links go as links.
@@ -739,15 +752,15 @@ impl LocalDirectoryProvider for SystemLocalDirectoryProvider {
     fn home(&self) -> PathBuf {
         dirs::home_dir().unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("/"))
     }
-    fn places(&self) -> Vec<(String, PathBuf)> {
+    fn places(&self) -> Vec<(Place, PathBuf)> {
         [
-            ("主目录", dirs::home_dir()),
-            ("桌面", dirs::desktop_dir()),
-            ("文稿", dirs::document_dir()),
-            ("下载", dirs::download_dir()),
+            (Place::Home, dirs::home_dir()),
+            (Place::Desktop, dirs::desktop_dir()),
+            (Place::Documents, dirs::document_dir()),
+            (Place::Downloads, dirs::download_dir()),
         ]
         .into_iter()
-        .filter_map(|(title, path)| Some((title.to_string(), path?)))
+        .filter_map(|(place, path)| Some((place, path?)))
         .collect()
     }
     fn list(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<DirectoryListing> {
@@ -761,7 +774,7 @@ impl LocalDirectoryProvider for SystemLocalDirectoryProvider {
             let name = entry
                 .file_name()
                 .into_string()
-                .map_err(|_| anyhow::anyhow!("目录包含无法用 UTF-8 表示的文件名"))?;
+                .map_err(|_| anyhow::anyhow!(t!("sftp.error.file_name_not_utf8")))?;
             let metadata = std::fs::symlink_metadata(entry.path())?;
             let mut row = DirectoryEntry::new(name, local_metadata(&metadata));
             if metadata.is_symlink() {
@@ -775,7 +788,7 @@ impl LocalDirectoryProvider for SystemLocalDirectoryProvider {
         }
         Ok(DirectoryListing::new(
             path.to_str()
-                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("路径不是有效的 UTF-8"))?,
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!(t!("sftp.error.path_not_utf8")))?,
             entries,
         ))
     }
@@ -789,14 +802,18 @@ impl LocalDirectoryProvider for SystemLocalDirectoryProvider {
             use trash::macos::{DeleteMethod, TrashContextExtMacos as _};
             context.set_delete_method(DeleteMethod::NsFileManager);
         }
-        context
-            .delete_all(paths)
-            .map_err(|error| anyhow::anyhow!("无法移到废纸篓：{error}"))
+        context.delete_all(paths).map_err(|error| {
+            anyhow::anyhow!(if cfg!(windows) {
+                t!("sftp.error.recycle_bin_failed", error = error)
+            } else {
+                t!("sftp.error.trash_failed", error = error)
+            })
+        })
     }
     fn rename(&self, from: &Path, to: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         // POSIX rename silently replaces the target.
         if std::fs::symlink_metadata(to).is_ok() {
-            bail!("已有名为「{}」的项目", display_name(to));
+            bail!(t!("sftp.error.exists", name = display_name(to)));
         }
         std::fs::rename(from, to).map_err(|error| describe_io(error, to))
     }
@@ -847,7 +864,7 @@ impl LocalDirectoryProvider for SystemLocalDirectoryProvider {
     }
     #[cfg(not(unix))]
     fn set_permissions(&self, _: &[PathBuf], _: PermissionEdit, _: bool, _: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        bail!("此系统不支持修改权限")
+        bail!(t!("sftp.error.permissions_unsupported"))
     }
     fn read_file(&self, path: &Path, limit: u64) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, FileStamp)> {
         let metadata = std::fs::metadata(path).map_err(|error| describe_io(error, path))?;
@@ -898,10 +915,12 @@ fn display_name(path: &Path) -> String {
 fn describe_io(error: std::io::Error, path: &Path) -> anyhow::Error {
     let name = display_name(path);
     match error.kind() {
-        std::io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => anyhow::anyhow!("已有名为「{name}」的项目"),
-        std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => anyhow::anyhow!("没有权限操作「{name}」"),
-        std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => anyhow::anyhow!("「{name}」不存在"),
-        _ => anyhow::anyhow!("「{name}」：{error}"),
+        std::io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => anyhow::anyhow!(t!("sftp.error.exists", name = name)),
+        std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => {
+            anyhow::anyhow!(t!("sftp.error.permission_denied", name = name))
+        }
+        std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => anyhow::anyhow!(t!("sftp.error.not_found", name = name)),
+        _ => anyhow::anyhow!(t!("sftp.error.item", name = name, error = error)),
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/sftp/operations.rs b/src/sftp/operations.rs
index 1ea073e..06b16f3 100644
--- a/src/sftp/operations.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/operations.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 //! are never followed.
 
 use super::{EntryKind, RemoteOperation, RemotePath, client::RemoteFs};
+use crate::i18n::t;
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 
 pub(crate) async fn run<F: RemoteFs>(fs: &F, operation: &RemoteOperation) -> Result<()> {
@@ -15,13 +16,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn run<F: RemoteFs>(fs: &F, operation: &RemoteOperation) -> Res
         }
         RemoteOperation::Rename { from, to } => {
             if fs.metadata(to).await?.is_some() {
-                bail!("已有名为「{}」的项目", to.file_name());
+                bail!(t!("sftp.error.exists", name = to.file_name()));
             }
             fs.rename(from, to, false).await
         }
         RemoteOperation::CreateDirectory { path } => {
             if fs.metadata(path).await?.is_some() {
-                bail!("已有名为「{}」的项目", path.file_name());
+                bail!(t!("sftp.error.exists", name = path.file_name()));
             }
             fs.mkdir(path).await
         }
diff --git a/src/sftp/sync.rs b/src/sftp/sync.rs
index 4e77739..e7b4e07 100644
--- a/src/sftp/sync.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/sync.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ use std::{collections::HashMap, path::Path};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 
+use crate::i18n::t;
+
 use super::{
     EntryKind, RemotePath, TransferChoice, TransferDetail, TransferQuestionKind,
     client::{RemoteFs, is_network_error},
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ async fn fail(
     error: &anyhow::Error,
     control: &TransferControl,
 ) -> Result<bool> {
-    let message = format!("无法删除：{error:#}");
+    let message = t!("sftp.sync.delete_failed", error = format!("{error:#}"));
     let answer = control
         .ask(TransferQuestionKind::Error, path.as_str(), &message)
         .await?;
diff --git a/src/sftp/upload.rs b/src/sftp/upload.rs
index a1e6c11..5ab49d5 100644
--- a/src/sftp/upload.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/upload.rs
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ use super::{
     meter::TransferMeter,
     model::local_metadata,
 };
+use crate::i18n::{t, tn};
 use anyhow::{Result, anyhow, bail};
 use futures::{StreamExt as _, stream::FuturesUnordered};
+use gpui_kit::SharedString;
 use std::{collections::HashSet, path::PathBuf};
 use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt as _, AsyncSeekExt as _};
 const CHUNK: usize = 32 * 1024;
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
                 None => source
                     .file_name()
                     .and_then(|n| n.to_str())
-                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("来源文件名不是有效的 UTF-8"))?,
+                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(t!("sftp.upload.source_name_not_utf8")))?,
             };
             let target = request.destination().join(name)?;
             stack.push((source, target));
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
                         let name = entry
                             .file_name()
                             .into_string()
-                            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("目录包含无法用 UTF-8 表示的文件名"))?;
+                            .map_err(|_| anyhow!(t!("sftp.error.file_name_not_utf8")))?;
                         children.push((entry.path(), target.join(&name)?));
                     }
                     children.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
     }
     pub fn verify_host(&self, fingerprint: &str) -> Result<()> {
         if self.host_key != fingerprint {
-            bail!("服务器主机指纹已改变，已停止续传");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.transfer.host_key_changed"));
         }
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -176,14 +178,14 @@ impl UploadBatch {
             );
             let _target_guard = TargetGuard::acquire(
                 format!("{}\0{}", self.endpoint, item.target),
-                "另一个传输正在上传同一目标，请稍后继续上传",
+                &t!("sftp.upload.target_busy"),
             )?;
             let result = if self
                 .blocked_directories
                 .iter()
                 .any(|p| item.target.as_str().starts_with(&format!("{p}/")))
             {
-                Err(anyhow!("父目录未创建，无法上传"))
+                Err(anyhow!(t!("sftp.upload.parent_missing")))
             } else if let Some(error) = &item.error {
                 Err(anyhow!("{error}"))
             } else {
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
                         .ask(
                             TransferQuestionKind::Error,
                             item.target.as_str(),
-                            &format!("无法上传：{error:#}"),
+                            &t!("sftp.upload.failed", error = format!("{error:#}")),
                         )
                         .await?;
                     if answer.choice() == TransferChoice::Retry {
@@ -264,24 +266,26 @@ impl UploadBatch {
             .as_ref()
             .is_some_and(|m| m.kind() == EntryKind::Directory)
         {
-            bail!("目录与文件类型冲突，不会删除远程目录");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.upload.folder_in_the_way"));
         }
         if !changed && let Some(choice) = self.all_conflicts {
             return Ok(choice == TransferChoice::Overwrite);
         }
         self.meter.phase(TransferPhase::Waiting, control);
         let message = match original {
-            Some(metadata) => format!(
-                "{}远程项目已存在（{} 字节，修改时间 {:?}）。覆盖会替换这个文件或链接。",
+            Some(metadata) => {
+                let modified = format!("{:?}", metadata.modified());
                 if changed {
-                    "目标在上传期间发生变化。"
+                    tn!(
+                        "sftp.upload.exists_changed",
+                        metadata.size(),
+                        modified = modified
+                    )
                 } else {
-                    ""
-                },
-                metadata.size(),
-                metadata.modified()
-            ),
-            None => "原目标在上传期间已被删除或移走。是否继续发布此文件？".into(),
+                    tn!("sftp.upload.exists", metadata.size(), modified = modified)
+                }
+            }
+            None => t!("sftp.upload.target_gone"),
         };
         let answer = control
             .ask(TransferQuestionKind::Conflict, target.as_str(), &message)
@@ -310,7 +314,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
                     .ask(
                         TransferQuestionKind::InvalidResume,
                         item.target.as_str(),
-                        "来源已变为目录，请丢弃旧文件进度后重新上传，或跳过。",
+                        &t!("sftp.upload.source_now_folder"),
                     )
                     .await?;
                 if answer.choice() != TransferChoice::Restart {
@@ -320,7 +324,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
             }
             return match control.run(fs.metadata(&item.target)).await? {
                 Some(metadata) if metadata.kind() == EntryKind::Directory => Ok(!self.sync),
-                Some(_) => bail!("目标已存在且不是目录，不会跟随或替换链接"),
+                Some(_) => bail!(t!("sftp.upload.target_not_folder")),
                 None => {
                     control.run(fs.mkdir(&item.target)).await?;
                     Ok(true)
@@ -328,7 +332,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
             };
         }
         if item.metadata.kind() == EntryKind::Other {
-            bail!("不支持上传设备、套接字或其他特殊文件");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.upload.special_file"));
         }
         let mut record = if let Some(record) = existing_record {
             record.validate(&self.endpoint, &self.host_key, &item.source, &item.target)?;
@@ -338,7 +342,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
                     .ask(
                         TransferQuestionKind::Resume,
                         item.target.as_str(),
-                        "发现未完成的 .filepart 文件。续传会按它的现有大小跳过本地文件前缀，请确认本地文件仍是同一版本。",
+                        &t!("sftp.upload.resume_found"),
                     )
                     .await?;
                 match answer.choice() {
@@ -378,7 +382,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
                         .ask(
                             TransferQuestionKind::Resume,
                             item.target.as_str(),
-                            "发现未完成的 .filepart 文件。续传会按它的现有大小跳过本地文件前缀，请确认本地文件仍是同一版本。",
+                            &t!("sftp.upload.resume_found"),
                         )
                         .await?;
                     match answer.choice() {
@@ -396,7 +400,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
                         .await?
                         .into_os_string()
                         .into_string()
-                        .map_err(|_| anyhow!("链接目标不是有效的 UTF-8"))?,
+                        .map_err(|_| anyhow!(t!("sftp.upload.link_target_not_utf8")))?,
                 );
             }
             self.journal.save(&record).await?;
@@ -414,12 +418,12 @@ impl UploadBatch {
             let target = record
                 .link_target
                 .as_ref()
-                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("续传记录中缺少链接目标"))?;
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(t!("sftp.upload.record_without_link")))?;
             if let Some(existing) = control.run(fs.metadata(&record.temporary)).await? {
                 if existing.kind() != EntryKind::Symlink
                     || control.run(fs.readlink(&record.temporary)).await? != *target
                 {
-                    bail!("临时链接已变化，无法继续上传");
+                    bail!(t!("sftp.upload.temporary_link_changed"));
                 }
             } else {
                 control.run(fs.symlink(target, &record.temporary)).await?;
@@ -487,14 +491,14 @@ impl UploadBatch {
         let source_metadata = record
             .source_metadata
             .clone()
-            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("续传记录中缺少来源文件信息"))?;
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(t!("sftp.upload.record_without_source")))?;
         let remote = control.run(fs.metadata(&record.temporary)).await?;
         if remote.as_ref().is_some_and(|m| m.kind() != EntryKind::File) {
-            return Err(InvalidResume("远端临时文件类型已变化").into());
+            return Err(InvalidResume(t!("sftp.upload.temporary_kind_changed")).into());
         }
         let resume_offset = remote.as_ref().map(FileMetadata::size).unwrap_or(0);
         if resume_offset > source_metadata.size {
-            return Err(InvalidResume("远端续传偏移大于本地文件").into());
+            return Err(InvalidResume(t!("sftp.upload.partial_too_large")).into());
         }
         let handle = control
             .run(fs.open(&record.temporary, remote.is_none()))
@@ -524,7 +528,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
                 let length = writes
                     .next()
                     .await
-                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("上传写入流水线意外结束"))??;
+                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(t!("sftp.upload.pipeline_ended")))??;
                 uploaded += length;
                 self.meter.advance(length, uploaded, control);
             }
@@ -601,22 +605,22 @@ impl UploadBatch {
             {
                 fs.rename(&record.backup, &record.target, false).await?;
             }
-            bail!("无法确认文件发布结果，已保留恢复文件；请检查远端目录");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.upload.publish_unconfirmed"));
         }
         if !self
             .matches_expected_item(fs, &record.temporary, record, control)
             .await?
         {
-            bail!("临时文件大小或类型已变化，未替换目标");
+            bail!(t!("sftp.upload.temporary_changed"));
         }
         let backup = control.run(fs.metadata(&record.backup)).await?;
         let current = control.run(fs.metadata(&record.target)).await?;
         if backup.is_some() {
             if current.is_some() {
-                bail!("替换期间目标被其他操作创建，已保留目标、备份和临时文件");
+                bail!(t!("sftp.upload.target_created"));
             }
             if backup != record.original {
-                bail!("恢复备份已变化，停止替换");
+                bail!(t!("sftp.upload.backup_changed"));
             }
             record.phase = PublishPhase::BackedUp;
             self.journal.save(record).await?;
@@ -682,7 +686,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
     async fn cleanup<F: RemoteFs>(&self, fs: &F, record: &ResumeRecord) -> Result<()> {
         if let Some(backup) = fs.metadata(&record.backup).await? {
             if Some(backup) != record.original {
-                bail!("备份已变化，未清理；上传的目标文件已发布");
+                bail!(t!("sftp.upload.backup_changed_after_publish"));
             }
             fs.remove(&record.backup).await?;
         }
@@ -699,7 +703,7 @@ impl UploadBatch {
             if fs.metadata(&record.target).await?.is_none() {
                 fs.rename(&record.backup, &record.target, false).await?;
             } else {
-                bail!("存在恢复备份和目标文件，请先检查远端目录；未删除任何文件");
+                bail!(t!("sftp.upload.backup_and_target"));
             }
         }
         fs.remove(&record.temporary).await?;
@@ -719,10 +723,10 @@ impl UploadBatch {
     }
 }
 #[derive(Debug)]
-struct InvalidResume(&'static str);
+struct InvalidResume(SharedString);
 impl std::fmt::Display for InvalidResume {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.write_str(self.0)
+        f.write_str(&self.0)
     }
 }
 impl std::error::Error for InvalidResume {}
diff --git a/src/sftp/worker.rs b/src/sftp/worker.rs
index ffb8fe5..2f61b49 100644
--- a/src/sftp/worker.rs
+++ b/src/sftp/worker.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use super::{
 };
 use crate::{
     host::HostLogin,
+    i18n::{t, tn},
     ssh::{LATENCY_INTERVAL, SshConnectionConfig, SshConnector, SshPrompts, describe_login_error},
 };
 use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
@@ -29,7 +30,9 @@ use std::{
 use tokio::sync::{RwLock, watch};
 
 /// The answer to a request that needs the connection while there is none.
-const NOT_CONNECTED: &str = "SFTP 未连接，请重新连接";
+fn not_connected() -> String {
+    t!("sftp.worker.not_connected").into()
+}
 
 /// How often the latency task looks for a connection to measure, and for
 /// the one it is measuring to be dropped.
@@ -183,7 +186,9 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                             prompts.cancel_all();
                             *client.write().await = None;
                             let _ = events
-                                .send(SftpEvent::Disconnected("SFTP 已断开".into()))
+                                .send(SftpEvent::Disconnected(
+                                    t!("sftp.worker.disconnected").into(),
+                                ))
                                 .await;
                         }
                         SftpCommand::Shutdown => break,
@@ -197,10 +202,14 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                                         Ok(listing) => Ok(listing),
                                         Err(error) => {
                                             drop_broken(&shared, &connected, &events, &error).await;
-                                            Err(format!("无法读取目录：{error:#}"))
+                                            Err(t!(
+                                                "sftp.worker.list_failed",
+                                                error = format!("{error:#}")
+                                            )
+                                            .into())
                                         }
                                     },
-                                    None => Err(NOT_CONNECTED.into()),
+                                    None => Err(not_connected()),
                                 };
                                 let _ = events.send(SftpEvent::Listed { request_id, result }).await;
                             });
@@ -225,7 +234,7 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                                             }
                                         }
                                     }
-                                    None => Err(NOT_CONNECTED.into()),
+                                    None => Err(not_connected()),
                                 };
                                 let _ = events
                                     .send(SftpEvent::Operated { request_id, result })
@@ -248,7 +257,7 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                                             }
                                         }
                                     }
-                                    None => Err(ReadFailure::Failed(NOT_CONNECTED.into())),
+                                    None => Err(ReadFailure::Failed(not_connected())),
                                 };
                                 let _ = events
                                     .send(SftpEvent::FileRead { request_id, result })
@@ -277,7 +286,7 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                                             }
                                         }
                                     }
-                                    None => Err(ReadFailure::Failed(NOT_CONNECTED.into())),
+                                    None => Err(ReadFailure::Failed(not_connected())),
                                 };
                                 let _ = events
                                     .send(SftpEvent::BytesRead { request_id, result })
@@ -309,7 +318,7 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                                             Err(SaveFailure::from_error(error))
                                         }
                                     },
-                                    None => Err(SaveFailure::Failed(NOT_CONNECTED.into())),
+                                    None => Err(SaveFailure::Failed(not_connected())),
                                 };
                                 let _ = events
                                     .send(SftpEvent::FileWritten { request_id, result })
@@ -319,7 +328,7 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                         command => {
                             if busy.swap(true, Ordering::AcqRel) {
                                 let _ = events
-                                    .send(SftpEvent::Notice("已有传输批次正在处理".into()))
+                                    .send(SftpEvent::Notice(t!("sftp.worker.busy").into()))
                                     .await;
                             } else {
                                 cancel_tx.send_replace(false);
@@ -426,7 +435,12 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                             .ok()
                             .filter(|path| path.is_dir())
                             .map(|path| dunce::simplified(&path).to_path_buf())
-                            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("本地目录 {} 不存在", source.display()))?;
+                            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                                anyhow!(t!(
+                                    "sftp.worker.local_folder_missing",
+                                    path = source.display()
+                                ))
+                            })?;
                         let target =
                             sync_target(connected.as_ref(), request.destination(), &control)
                                 .await?;
@@ -449,7 +463,8 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                         let (directory, name) = scp_remote_target(destination, is_directory);
                         // Some servers resolve a path that is not there, so
                         // ask whether it is a directory too.
-                        let missing = || anyhow!("远程目录 {directory} 不存在");
+                        let missing =
+                            || anyhow!(t!("sftp.worker.remote_folder_missing", path = directory));
                         let resolved = control
                             .run(connected.canonicalize(&directory))
                             .await
@@ -492,7 +507,10 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                             .await
                             .is_ok_and(|metadata| metadata.is_dir())
                         {
-                            anyhow::bail!("本地目录 {} 不存在", directory.display());
+                            anyhow::bail!(t!(
+                                "sftp.worker.local_folder_missing",
+                                path = directory.display()
+                            ));
                         }
                         request.clone().resolved(directory, name)
                     } else {
@@ -568,7 +586,7 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                             } else {
                                 Err(std::io::Error::new(
                                     std::io::ErrorKind::NotConnected,
-                                    "SFTP 未连接",
+                                    t!("sftp.worker.not_connected_short").to_string(),
                                 )
                                 .into())
                             }
@@ -579,15 +597,20 @@ impl SshSftpTransport {
                         Err(error) if is_network_error(&error) => {
                             *client.write().await = None;
                             events
-                                .send(SftpEvent::Disconnected("连接中断，传输进度已保留".into()))
+                                .send(SftpEvent::Disconnected(
+                                    t!("sftp.worker.dropped_kept").into(),
+                                ))
                                 .await?;
                             let mut recovered = false;
                             while reconnects < 3 {
-                                batch.set_note(format!(
-                                    "将在 {} 秒后重连（{}/3）",
-                                    [1, 3, 10][reconnects],
-                                    reconnects + 1
-                                ));
+                                batch.set_note(
+                                    tn!(
+                                        "sftp.worker.reconnect_in",
+                                        [1, 3, 10][reconnects],
+                                        attempt = reconnects + 1
+                                    )
+                                    .into(),
+                                );
                                 batch.phase(TransferPhase::Reconnecting, &control);
                                 let delay = Duration::from_secs([1, 3, 10][reconnects]);
                                 reconnects += 1;
@@ -670,10 +693,10 @@ async fn sync_target(
         Some(metadata) if metadata.kind() == EntryKind::Directory => {
             control.run(fs.canonicalize(destination)).await?
         }
-        Some(_) => anyhow::bail!("远程路径 {destination} 不是目录"),
+        Some(_) => anyhow::bail!(t!("sftp.worker.not_a_folder", path = destination)),
         None => {
             let parent = destination.parent();
-            let missing = || anyhow!("远程目录 {parent} 不存在");
+            let missing = || anyhow!(t!("sftp.worker.remote_folder_missing", path = parent));
             let parent = control
                 .run(fs.canonicalize(&parent))
                 .await
@@ -693,7 +716,7 @@ async fn sync_target(
         }
     };
     if target.is_root() {
-        anyhow::bail!("不能同步到根目录 /");
+        anyhow::bail!(t!("sftp.worker.sync_to_root"));
     }
     Ok(target)
 }
@@ -766,7 +789,7 @@ async fn forget(
     if current.as_ref().is_some_and(|c| Arc::ptr_eq(c, connected)) {
         *current = None;
         let _ = events
-            .send(SftpEvent::Disconnected("SFTP 连接中断，请重新连接".into()))
+            .send(SftpEvent::Disconnected(t!("sftp.worker.dropped").into()))
             .await;
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/ui/sftp.rs b/tests/ui/sftp.rs
index 57efa23..17b62b2 100644
--- a/tests/ui/sftp.rs
+++ b/tests/ui/sftp.rs
@@ -235,6 +235,51 @@ async fn sftp_panes_list_winscp_columns_and_open_links_to_directories(cx: &mut T
     .await;
 }
 
+/// The panes follow a change of interface language at once, the column
+/// titles too, which the table keeps for itself.
+#[gpui_kit::test]
+async fn sftp_panes_follow_a_change_of_interface_language(cx: &mut TestAppContext) {
+    let provider = Arc::new(FakeSftpProvider::default());
+    let (handle, workspace) = open_workspace_with_sftp(cx, provider);
+    open_test_explorer(cx, handle).await;
+    let settings = cx.update(|cx| workspace.read(cx).settings().clone());
+    cx.update(|cx| {
+        settings.update(cx, |settings, cx| {
+            settings.update(
+                |settings| settings.language = InterfaceLanguage::English,
+                cx,
+            )
+        })
+    });
+    cx.run_until_parked();
+    cx.update(|cx| {
+        let explorer = workspace
+            .read(cx)
+            .explorer(ExplorerId(SFTP_TAB))
+            .unwrap()
+            .read(cx);
+        assert_eq!(
+            explorer.local().read(cx).column_names(cx),
+            ["Name", "Size", "Type", "Modified"]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            explorer.remote().read(cx).column_names(cx),
+            ["Name", "Size", "Modified", "Permissions", "Owner"]
+        );
+    });
+    cx.update_window(handle.into(), |_, window, cx| {
+        window.render_frame(cx);
+        let remote = window.within(("remote-pane", SFTP_TAB));
+        assert_eq!(remote.find("pane-status").label(), Some("4 items"));
+        assert_eq!(
+            remote.find("hidden-files").label(),
+            Some("Show hidden files")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(window.find("remote-path").label(), Some("Remote path"));
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+}
+
 /// The 大小 column shows whole kilobytes, as WinSCP does, until its title's
 /// menu picks another format, which then holds for both panes and is saved.
 /// The menu itself is not driven; the test dispatches what its items do.