Keep Chinese output script aligned with the selected UI locale

This change binds locale selection to a persisted chineseScriptPreference so zh-CN and zh-TW drive output script consistently.

It injects script preference into LLM context for polish/translate/QA, removes ASR language-hint submission, and applies script conversion only in pure-ASR fallback paths. It also hardens preference persistence sequencing in HotkeySettingsContext to reduce write-order races.

Constraint: Must keep output script behavior coupled to locale choice without adding a new toggle
Constraint: ASR requests should not send language parameters
Rejected: Add an independent output-script option | Conflicts with required locale-driven behavior
Confidence: medium
Scope-risk: moderate
Reversibility: clean
Directive: Keep zh-CN=>simplified and zh-TW=>traditional mapping consistent in both Settings entry points and backend consumers
Tested: npm run -s build (openless-all/app)
Tested: cargo test -q (openless-all/app/src-tauri)
Not-tested: Live external provider E2E verification across multiple real ASR/LLM vendors
Related: #242
Co-authored-by: OmX <omx@oh-my-codex.dev>

openless-all/app/src-tauri/Cargo.toml

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
 bytes = "1"
 url = "2"
 raw-window-handle = "0.6"
+ferrous-opencc = "0.4"
 
 # Hotkey + audio + insertion
 global-hotkey = "0.6"

openless-all/app/src-tauri/src/commands.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ use crate::permissions::{self, PermissionStatus};
 use crate::persistence::{CredentialAccount, CredentialsSnapshot, CredentialsVault};
 use crate::polish::{LLMError, OpenAICompatibleConfig, OpenAICompatibleLLMProvider};
 use crate::types::{
-    CredentialsStatus, DictationSession, DictionaryEntry, HotkeyCapability, HotkeyStatus,
-    PolishMode, QaHotkeyBinding, UserPreferences, VocabPresetStore, WindowsImeStatus,
+    ChineseScriptPreference, CredentialsStatus, DictationSession, DictionaryEntry,
+    HotkeyCapability, HotkeyStatus, PolishMode, QaHotkeyBinding, UserPreferences,
+    VocabPresetStore, WindowsImeStatus,
 };
 
 type CoordinatorState<'a> = State<'a, Arc<Coordinator>>;
@@ -223,7 +224,14 @@ async fn validate_llm_provider() -> Result<(), String> {
         model,
     ));
     provider
-        .polish("验证连接", PolishMode::Raw, &[], &[], None)
+        .polish(
+            "验证连接",
+            PolishMode::Raw,
+            &[],
+            &[],
+            ChineseScriptPreference::Auto,
+            None,
+        )
         .await
         .map(|_| ())
         .map_err(|e| match e {

openless-all/app/src-tauri/src/coordinator.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
 use chrono::Utc;
+use ferrous_opencc::{config::BuiltinConfig, OpenCC};
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use tauri::{async_runtime, AppHandle, Emitter, Manager};
 use uuid::Uuid;
@@ -30,8 +31,8 @@ use crate::qa_hotkey::{QaHotkeyError, QaHotkeyEvent, QaHotkeyMonitor};
 use crate::recorder::{Recorder, RecorderError};
 use crate::selection::{capture_selection, SelectionContext};
 use crate::types::{
-    CapsulePayload, CapsuleState, DictationSession, HotkeyCapability, HotkeyMode, HotkeyStatus,
-    HotkeyStatusState, InsertStatus, PolishMode,
+    CapsulePayload, CapsuleState, ChineseScriptPreference, DictationSession, HotkeyCapability,
+    HotkeyMode, HotkeyStatus, HotkeyStatusState, InsertStatus, PolishMode,
 };
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 use crate::windows_ime_ipc::ImeSubmitTarget;
@@ -473,7 +474,9 @@ impl Coordinator {
 
     pub async fn repolish(&self, raw_text: String, mode: PolishMode) -> Result<String, String> {
         let hotwords = enabled_phrases(&self.inner);
-        let working_languages = self.inner.prefs.get().working_languages;
+        let prefs = self.inner.prefs.get();
+        let working_languages = prefs.working_languages;
+        let chinese_script_preference = prefs.chinese_script_preference;
         // repolish 是历史记录里手动重新润色，不再绑定原 session 的前台 app；
         // 当下用户调起的 app 才是相关上下文（如果可拿）。
         let front_app = capture_frontmost_app();
@@ -482,6 +485,7 @@ impl Coordinator {
             mode,
             &hotwords,
             &working_languages,
+            chinese_script_preference,
             front_app.as_deref(),
         )
         .await
@@ -1640,6 +1644,7 @@ async fn end_session(inner: &Arc<Inner>) -> Result<(), String> {
     let mode = prefs.default_mode;
     let hotword_strs = enabled_phrases(inner);
     let working_languages = prefs.working_languages.clone();
+    let chinese_script_preference = prefs.chinese_script_preference;
     let front_app = inner.state.lock().front_app.clone();
     let translation_target = prefs.translation_target_language.trim().to_string();
     let translation_active =
@@ -1655,6 +1660,7 @@ async fn end_session(inner: &Arc<Inner>) -> Result<(), String> {
             &raw,
             &translation_target,
             &working_languages,
+            chinese_script_preference,
             front_app.as_deref(),
         )
         .await
@@ -1664,11 +1670,21 @@ async fn end_session(inner: &Arc<Inner>) -> Result<(), String> {
             mode,
             &hotword_strs,
             &working_languages,
+            chinese_script_preference,
             front_app.as_deref(),
         )
         .await
     };
 
+    // 仅在“纯 ASR 直出”场景做强制简繁收敛，避免误伤翻译/常规 LLM 输出：
+    // - mode=Raw：本来就不走润色
+    // - polish_error.is_some()：润色/翻译失败后回退到原始 ASR 文本
+    let polished = if !translation_active && (mode == PolishMode::Raw || polish_error.is_some()) {
+        apply_chinese_script_preference(&polished, chinese_script_preference)
+    } else {
+        polished
+    };
+
     // 原子化最后一次 cancel 检查 + 转 Inserting：
     // 在同一 lock 内决定「丢弃」还是「进入 Inserting」。一旦设到 Inserting，
     // cancel_session 就拒绝介入（Cmd+V 已发出，撤销不掉）。这是 audit HIGH #2 的修复，
@@ -2154,6 +2170,27 @@ fn is_whisper_compatible_provider(id: &str) -> bool {
     matches!(id, "whisper" | "siliconflow" | "zhipu" | "groq")
 }
 
+fn apply_chinese_script_preference(text: &str, pref: ChineseScriptPreference) -> String {
+    if text.is_empty() {
+        return String::new();
+    }
+    let config = match pref {
+        ChineseScriptPreference::Simplified => Some(BuiltinConfig::T2s),
+        ChineseScriptPreference::Traditional => Some(BuiltinConfig::S2t),
+        ChineseScriptPreference::Auto => None,
+    };
+    let Some(config) = config else {
+        return text.to_string();
+    };
+    match OpenCC::from_config(config) {
+        Ok(converter) => converter.convert(text),
+        Err(err) => {
+            log::warn!("[coord] OpenCC init failed, skip script conversion: {err}");
+            text.to_string()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// QA 路径专用：begin_qa_session 永远走 Volcengine 流式（低延迟要求），所以
 /// 凭据校验也只看 Volcengine 字段，不依赖 active_asr。dictation 路径请用
 /// `ensure_asr_credentials`。
@@ -2173,12 +2210,22 @@ async fn polish_or_passthrough(
     mode: PolishMode,
     hotwords: &[String],
     working_languages: &[String],
+    chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
     front_app: Option<&str>,
 ) -> (String, Option<String>) {
     if mode == PolishMode::Raw {
         return (raw.text.clone(), None);
     }
-    match polish_text(&raw.text, mode, hotwords, working_languages, front_app).await {
+    match polish_text(
+        &raw.text,
+        mode,
+        hotwords,
+        working_languages,
+        chinese_script_preference,
+        front_app,
+    )
+    .await
+    {
         Ok(s) => (s, None),
         Err(e) => {
             let reason = e.to_string();
@@ -2193,6 +2240,7 @@ async fn polish_text(
     mode: PolishMode,
     hotwords: &[String],
     working_languages: &[String],
+    chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
     front_app: Option<&str>,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
     let api_key = CredentialsVault::get(CredentialAccount::ArkApiKey)?.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -2208,7 +2256,14 @@ async fn polish_text(
     let config = OpenAICompatibleConfig::new("ark", "Doubao Ark", base_url, api_key, model);
     let provider = OpenAICompatibleLLMProvider::new(config);
     Ok(provider
-        .polish(raw, mode, hotwords, working_languages, front_app)
+        .polish(
+            raw,
+            mode,
+            hotwords,
+            working_languages,
+            chinese_script_preference,
+            front_app,
+        )
         .await?)
 }
 
@@ -2217,9 +2272,18 @@ async fn translate_or_passthrough(
     raw: &RawTranscript,
     target_language: &str,
     working_languages: &[String],
+    chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
     front_app: Option<&str>,
 ) -> (String, Option<String>) {
-    match translate_text(&raw.text, target_language, working_languages, front_app).await {
+    match translate_text(
+        &raw.text,
+        target_language,
+        working_languages,
+        chinese_script_preference,
+        front_app,
+    )
+    .await
+    {
         Ok(s) => (s, None),
         Err(e) => {
             let reason = e.to_string();
@@ -2233,6 +2297,7 @@ async fn translate_text(
     raw: &str,
     target_language: &str,
     working_languages: &[String],
+    chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
     front_app: Option<&str>,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
     let api_key = CredentialsVault::get(CredentialAccount::ArkApiKey)?.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -2248,7 +2313,13 @@ async fn translate_text(
     let config = OpenAICompatibleConfig::new("ark", "Doubao Ark", base_url, api_key, model);
     let provider = OpenAICompatibleLLMProvider::new(config);
     Ok(provider
-        .translate_to(raw, target_language, working_languages, front_app)
+        .translate_to(
+            raw,
+            target_language,
+            working_languages,
+            chinese_script_preference,
+            front_app,
+        )
         .await?)
 }
 
@@ -2574,6 +2645,7 @@ async fn end_qa_session(inner: &Arc<Inner>) -> Result<(), String> {
 
     let prefs = inner.prefs.get();
     let working_languages = prefs.working_languages.clone();
+    let chinese_script_preference = prefs.chinese_script_preference;
     let (messages_for_llm, front_app) = {
         let st = inner.qa_state.lock();
         (st.messages.clone(), st.front_app.clone())
@@ -2612,6 +2684,7 @@ async fn end_qa_session(inner: &Arc<Inner>) -> Result<(), String> {
     let answer = match answer_chat_dispatch(
         &messages_for_llm,
         &working_languages,
+        chinese_script_preference,
         front_app.as_deref(),
         on_delta,
         should_cancel,
@@ -2759,6 +2832,7 @@ fn cancel_qa_session(inner: &Arc<Inner>) {
 async fn answer_chat_dispatch<F, C>(
     messages: &[crate::types::QaChatMessage],
     working_languages: &[String],
+    chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
     front_app: Option<&str>,
     on_delta: F,
     should_cancel: C,
@@ -2782,6 +2856,7 @@ where
         .answer_chat_streaming(
             messages,
             working_languages,
+            chinese_script_preference,
             front_app,
             on_delta,
             should_cancel,

openless-all/app/src-tauri/src/polish.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use serde_json::{json, Value};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-use crate::types::{PolishMode, QaChatMessage};
+use crate::types::{ChineseScriptPreference, PolishMode, QaChatMessage};
 
 const DEFAULT_TEMPERATURE: f32 = 0.3;
 const DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS: u64 = 30;
@@ -90,10 +90,13 @@ impl OpenAICompatibleLLMProvider {
         mode: PolishMode,
         hotwords: &[String],
         working_languages: &[String],
+        chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
         front_app: Option<&str>,
     ) -> Result<String, LLMError> {
         let mut system_prompt = compose_system_prompt(mode, hotwords);
-        if let Some(premise) = context_premise(working_languages, front_app) {
+        if let Some(premise) =
+            context_premise(working_languages, chinese_script_preference, front_app)
+        {
             system_prompt = format!("{}\n\n{}", premise, system_prompt);
         }
         let user_prompt = prompts::user_prompt(raw_text);
@@ -108,6 +111,7 @@ impl OpenAICompatibleLLMProvider {
         &self,
         messages: &[QaChatMessage],
         working_languages: &[String],
+        chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
         front_app: Option<&str>,
         on_delta: F,
         should_cancel: C,
@@ -117,7 +121,9 @@ impl OpenAICompatibleLLMProvider {
         C: Fn() -> bool + Send + Sync,
     {
         let mut system_prompt = prompts::qa_system_prompt();
-        if let Some(premise) = context_premise(working_languages, front_app) {
+        if let Some(premise) =
+            context_premise(working_languages, chinese_script_preference, front_app)
+        {
             system_prompt = format!("{}\n\n{}", premise, system_prompt);
         }
         self.chat_completion_history_streaming(&system_prompt, messages, on_delta, should_cancel)
@@ -131,10 +137,13 @@ impl OpenAICompatibleLLMProvider {
         raw_text: &str,
         target_language: &str,
         working_languages: &[String],
+        chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
         front_app: Option<&str>,
     ) -> Result<String, LLMError> {
         let mut system_prompt = prompts::translate_system_prompt(target_language);
-        if let Some(premise) = context_premise(working_languages, front_app) {
+        if let Some(premise) =
+            context_premise(working_languages, chinese_script_preference, front_app)
+        {
             system_prompt = format!("{}\n\n{}", premise, system_prompt);
         }
         let user_prompt = prompts::user_prompt(raw_text);
@@ -378,7 +387,11 @@ fn chat_completions_url(base_url: &str) -> String {
 ///     当前前台应用：…（请按这个 app 的常见沟通风格调整语气）
 ///
 /// 两个字段都空时返回 None，调用方就不拼前缀。详见 issue #4 / #116。
-fn context_premise(working_languages: &[String], front_app: Option<&str>) -> Option<String> {
+fn context_premise(
+    working_languages: &[String],
+    chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
+    front_app: Option<&str>,
+) -> Option<String> {
     let langs: Vec<&str> = working_languages
         .iter()
         .map(|s| s.trim())
@@ -386,7 +399,19 @@ fn context_premise(working_languages: &[String], front_app: Option<&str>) -> Opt
         .collect();
     let app = front_app.map(str::trim).filter(|s| !s.is_empty());
 
-    if langs.is_empty() && app.is_none() {
+    let script_line = match chinese_script_preference {
+        ChineseScriptPreference::Simplified => Some(
+            "中文输出偏好：简体中文。若最终输出包含中文，请统一使用简体字形（不要混用繁体）。"
+                .to_string(),
+        ),
+        ChineseScriptPreference::Traditional => Some(
+            "中文输出偏好：繁体中文。若最终输出包含中文，请统一使用繁体字形（不要混用简体）。"
+                .to_string(),
+        ),
+        ChineseScriptPreference::Auto => None,
+    };
+
+    if langs.is_empty() && app.is_none() && script_line.is_none() {
         return None;
     }
 
@@ -402,6 +427,9 @@ fn context_premise(working_languages: &[String], front_app: Option<&str>) -> Opt
             "当前前台应用：{name}。请按这个应用的常见沟通风格调整语气——例如邮件类 app 偏正式、聊天类 app 偏口语、IDE / 文档类 app 偏技术或结构化。\u{4E0D}主动加入与用户原意无关的客套话。"
         ));
     }
+    if let Some(line) = script_line {
+        lines.push(line);
+    }
     Some(lines.join("\n"))
 }
 
@@ -982,7 +1010,14 @@ mod tests {
         ));
 
         let output = provider
-            .polish("原文", PolishMode::Raw, &[], &[], None)
+            .polish(
+                "原文",
+                PolishMode::Raw,
+                &[],
+                &[],
+                ChineseScriptPreference::Auto,
+                None,
+            )
             .await
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(output, "最终文本。");

openless-all/app/src-tauri/src/types.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ impl PolishMode {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum ChineseScriptPreference {
+    #[default]
+    Auto,
+    Simplified,
+    Traditional,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub enum InsertStatus {
@@ -114,6 +123,14 @@ pub struct UserPreferences {
     /// 由前端从内置语言列表中选择，后端只接收最终的原生名字符串拼进 prompt。详见 issue #4。
     #[serde(default)]
     pub translation_target_language: String,
+    /// 中文输出字形偏好（不额外暴露为 UI 开关）：
+    /// - Simplified: 中文输出优先简体
+    /// - Traditional: 中文输出优先繁体
+    /// - Auto: 不额外约束
+    ///
+    /// 由前端「界面语言」选择同步驱动（简体/繁体），详见 issue #259。
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference,
     /// 划词语音问答（QA）的全局快捷键。`None` = 关闭功能；`Some(...)` 时
     /// coordinator 用 global-hotkey crate 注册组合键（modifier + 主键）。
     /// 默认 Cmd+Shift+; (macOS) / Ctrl+Shift+; (Windows)。详见 issue #118。
@@ -176,6 +193,7 @@ impl Default for UserPreferences {
             allow_non_tsf_insertion_fallback: true,
             working_languages: default_working_languages(),
             translation_target_language: String::new(),
+            chinese_script_preference: ChineseScriptPreference::Auto,
             qa_hotkey: default_qa_hotkey(),
             qa_save_history: false,
             local_asr_active_model: default_local_asr_model(),

openless-all/app/src/components/SettingsModal.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   setLocalePreference,
   type SupportedLocale,
 } from '../i18n';
+import { useHotkeySettings } from '../state/HotkeySettingsContext';
 import type { OS } from './WindowChrome';
 
 interface SettingsModalProps {
@@ -311,11 +312,17 @@ const btnGhost: CSSProperties = {
 // 真正可用的语言切换器 —— 用原生 <select>，与 Settings → Language 分区共享同一份 localStorage 偏好。
 function LanguagePicker() {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const { prefs, updatePrefs } = useHotkeySettings();
   const [pref, setPref] = useState<SupportedLocale | typeof FOLLOW_SYSTEM>(getLocalePreference());
 
   const apply = async (next: SupportedLocale | typeof FOLLOW_SYSTEM) => {
     setPref(next);
-    await setLocalePreference(next);
+    const resolved = await setLocalePreference(next);
+    if (!prefs) return;
+    const chineseScriptPreference =
+      resolved === 'zh-CN' ? 'simplified' : resolved === 'zh-TW' ? 'traditional' : 'auto';
+    if (prefs.chineseScriptPreference === chineseScriptPreference) return;
+    await updatePrefs({ ...prefs, chineseScriptPreference });
   };
 
   return (

openless-all/app/src/i18n/index.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ function detectSystemLocale(): SupportedLocale {
   return 'en';
 }
 
+function resolveLocalePreference(pref: SupportedLocale | typeof FOLLOW_SYSTEM_VALUE): SupportedLocale {
+  if (pref === FOLLOW_SYSTEM_VALUE) return detectSystemLocale();
+  return pref;
+}
+
 function getStoredLocale(): SupportedLocale | null {
   if (typeof window === 'undefined') return null;
   const raw = window.localStorage.getItem(LOCALE_STORAGE_KEY);
@@ -66,14 +71,17 @@ export function getLocalePreference(): SupportedLocale | typeof FOLLOW_SYSTEM_VA
  * 写入用户偏好并立即切换 i18n 语言。
  * pref === 'system' 时清除存储项，重新走 navigator 检测。
  */
-export async function setLocalePreference(pref: SupportedLocale | typeof FOLLOW_SYSTEM_VALUE): Promise<void> {
+export async function setLocalePreference(
+  pref: SupportedLocale | typeof FOLLOW_SYSTEM_VALUE,
+): Promise<SupportedLocale> {
+  const resolved = resolveLocalePreference(pref);
   if (pref === FOLLOW_SYSTEM_VALUE) {
     window.localStorage.removeItem(LOCALE_STORAGE_KEY);
-    await i18n.changeLanguage(detectSystemLocale());
-    return;
+  } else {
+    window.localStorage.setItem(LOCALE_STORAGE_KEY, pref);
   }
-  window.localStorage.setItem(LOCALE_STORAGE_KEY, pref);
-  await i18n.changeLanguage(pref);
+  await i18n.changeLanguage(resolved);
+  return resolved;
 }
 
 export const FOLLOW_SYSTEM = FOLLOW_SYSTEM_VALUE;

openless-all/app/src/lib/ipc.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ const mockSettings: UserPreferences = {
   allowNonTsfInsertionFallback: true,
   workingLanguages: ['简体中文'],
   translationTargetLanguage: '',
+  chineseScriptPreference: 'auto',
   qaHotkey: { primary: ';', modifiers: ['cmd', 'shift'] },
   qaSaveHistory: false,
   localAsrActiveModel: 'qwen3-asr-0.6b',

openless-all/app/src/lib/types.ts

@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@ export interface UserPreferences {
   workingLanguages: string[];
   /** 翻译模式目标语言（单选，原生名）；空串 = 不启用 Shift 翻译。详见 issue #4。 */
   translationTargetLanguage: string;
+  /** 中文输出字形偏好：由界面语言（简/繁）自动同步，不单独暴露设置项。 */
+  chineseScriptPreference: 'auto' | 'simplified' | 'traditional';
   /** 划词语音问答快捷键。null = 未启用。详见 issue #118。 */
   qaHotkey: QaHotkeyBinding | null;
   /** 是否把 Q&A 历史写到本地存档。详见 issue #118。 */

openless-all/app/src/pages/Settings.tsx

@@ -1092,11 +1092,17 @@ function PermissionPill({ status }: { status: PermissionStatus | 'loading' }) {
 
 function LanguageSection() {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const { prefs, updatePrefs } = useHotkeySettings();
   const [pref, setPref] = useState<SupportedLocale | typeof FOLLOW_SYSTEM>(getLocalePreference());
 
   const apply = async (next: SupportedLocale | typeof FOLLOW_SYSTEM) => {
     setPref(next);
-    await setLocalePreference(next);
+    const resolved = await setLocalePreference(next);
+    if (!prefs) return;
+    const chineseScriptPreference =
+      resolved === 'zh-CN' ? 'simplified' : resolved === 'zh-TW' ? 'traditional' : 'auto';
+    if (prefs.chineseScriptPreference === chineseScriptPreference) return;
+    await updatePrefs({ ...prefs, chineseScriptPreference });
   };
 
   return (

openless-all/app/src/state/HotkeySettingsContext.tsx

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ import {
   useContext,
   useEffect,
   useMemo,
+  useRef,
   useState,
   type ReactNode,
 } from 'react';
 import { getHotkeyCapability, getSettings, setSettings } from '../lib/ipc';
 import type { HotkeyBinding, HotkeyCapability, UserPreferences } from '../lib/types';
+import i18n from '../i18n';
 
 interface HotkeySettingsContextValue {
   prefs: UserPreferences | null;
@@ -25,6 +27,9 @@ export function HotkeySettingsProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
   const [prefs, setPrefs] = useState<UserPreferences | null>(null);
   const [capability, setCapability] = useState<HotkeyCapability | null>(null);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const syncSeqRef = useRef(0);
+  const persistQueueRef = useRef<Promise<void>>(Promise.resolve());
+  const latestPrefsRef = useRef<UserPreferences | null>(null);
 
   const refresh = useCallback(async () => {
     const [nextPrefs, nextCapability] = await Promise.all([getSettings(), getHotkeyCapability()]);
@@ -33,14 +38,56 @@ export function HotkeySettingsProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
     setLoading(false);
   }, []);
 
+  const queueSetSettings = useCallback((next: UserPreferences) => {
+    const task = persistQueueRef.current
+      .catch(() => undefined)
+      .then(() => setSettings(next));
+    persistQueueRef.current = task;
+    return task;
+  }, []);
+
   useEffect(() => {
     void refresh();
   }, [refresh]);
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    latestPrefsRef.current = prefs;
+  }, [prefs]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const currentPrefs = latestPrefsRef.current;
+    if (!currentPrefs) return;
+    const lang = (i18n.resolvedLanguage || i18n.language || '').toLowerCase();
+    const nextScript: UserPreferences['chineseScriptPreference'] =
+      lang.startsWith('zh-tw') || lang.includes('hant')
+        ? 'traditional'
+        : lang.startsWith('zh-cn') || lang.startsWith('zh')
+          ? 'simplified'
+          : 'auto';
+    if (currentPrefs.chineseScriptPreference === nextScript) return;
+    const previousScript = currentPrefs.chineseScriptPreference;
+    const next = { ...currentPrefs, chineseScriptPreference: nextScript };
+    const seq = ++syncSeqRef.current;
+    void queueSetSettings(next)
+      .then(() => {
+        setPrefs(current => {
+          if (!current || syncSeqRef.current !== seq) return current;
+          if (current.chineseScriptPreference !== previousScript) return current;
+          return { ...current, chineseScriptPreference: nextScript };
+        });
+      })
+      .catch(error => {
+        if (syncSeqRef.current === seq) {
+          console.warn('[settings] sync chineseScriptPreference failed', error);
+        }
+      });
+  }, [prefs, queueSetSettings]);
+
   const updatePrefs = useCallback(async (next: UserPreferences) => {
     setPrefs(next);
-    await setSettings(next);
-  }, []);
+    latestPrefsRef.current = next;
+    await queueSetSettings(next);
+  }, [queueSetSettings]);
 
   const value = useMemo<HotkeySettingsContextValue>(
     () => ({